New Archaeological Discovery of Eastern Han Dynasty Tombs! Luoyang Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery is basically confirmed as Emperor Huan's tomb

Dongfang Jinbao·Mammoth News reporter Guo Shuai Chen Lin/Wen Zhang Huanhuan/Picture

[Core Tip]

"Come on! What is this?" Recently, I was in Bai Caopo Village, northeast of Baicaopo Village, Pangcun Town, Yibin District, Luoyang City. A round stone artifact was unearthed from the excavation site of the Caopo Donghan Cemetery Site Archaeological Project. This stone artifact was split into several pieces, one of which was engraved with the words "Light and Three Years" on the outer wall.

"'Guanghe' is the name of the Han Ling Emperor in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, but the Han Ling Emperor Wen Mausoleum has been determined to be in the Manshan Tomb area. Therefore, we believe that this stone artifact is the Han Ling Emperor as his last emperor, that is It was made when Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty built the cemetery, and then contacted the literature to record the location of the cemetery of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty, and basically determined that the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery was the Xuan Tomb of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty." Wang Xianqiu, head of the archaeological project of the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery, told reporters.

(Eastern Han Emperor Mausoleum Archaeological Site)

Newly unearthed stone artifacts, the "Guanghe" year basically confirms that the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery is Han Huan Emperor Xuan Mausoleum. To the northeast, is the tomb of an imperial mausoleum closest to the capital at the time in the Eastern Han Tombs in Luonan. In 2017, the archaeological work of the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery site was restarted.

"According to the "Emperor Century" records, the closest Eastern Han Dynasty tomb from Luoyang City is the Xuan Tomb of Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty. Although the site of the Eastern Han cemetery at Baicaopo meets this condition, there has been no strong evidence to support it as the Xuan Tomb of Emperor Huang An inference.” Wang Xianqiu said, it has long been determined that the tombs in the Baicaopo area are large tombs of the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it has not been determined which emperor’s cemetery is. The stone artifacts unearthed this time have " The reign name of "Guanghe" is supposed to be made by the Han Ling Emperor who built the mausoleum for the Han Emperor Huan, and it can basically be confirmed as the Xuan Tomb of the Han Emperor. As for the name and function of this round stone artifact, further research is needed.

Restore the original appearance of the Eastern Han Dynasty Mausoleum, and the tomb system is an important part of the Chinese civilization

Since the resumption of archaeological work at the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery site in 2017, archaeologists have successively discovered courtyards, house sites, patios, corridors, Remains such as wells, roads, drainage channels, etc., have a more in-depth understanding of the overall layout of the cemetery.

(each group of buildings has independent walls and gate sites)

(drainage relics)

"At present, our excavations are concentrated on a large building complex in the northeast corner of the cemetery, which can be divided into relatively independent buildings. There are three groups, and each group of buildings has independent walls and gate sites. The building group is composed of a courtyard arranged regularly. Take the No. 1 building unit in the west as an example. The surrounding walls are distributed in four rows from north to south and six rows from east to west. There are 24 yards, a bit like our current dormitory." Wang Xianqiu told reporters that each yard is an independent living space, with house sites, patios, warehouses, wells, drainage channels and other life-related facilities. According to the layout and location of this building complex, it may be the "Yuansi Lishe" recorded in the literature, that is, the management organization of the cemetery, as well as the residences of the cemetery guards, cemetery service personnel, and low-level concubines. Some scholars also believe that this place may be the "Yuan Province" recorded in the literature, that is, the residence of the nobles and concubines in the cemetery guarding the tomb.

(Eastern Han Dynasty imperial mausoleum is very large)

Wang Xianqiu said that the Eastern Han Dynasty imperial mausoleum is very large, not only the underground palace where the emperor is buried and the sealing earth above it, but also complex mausoleum buildings such as stone halls and sleeping halls. Miniature version of the palace. Along with it, there are many service personnel and a certain number of guards, and even a turret with a lookout defense function has been discovered.

"The mausoleum system has its own set of systems. It is passed down from one dynasty to one dynasty. Although there will be changes and developments in the past dynasties, it contains the genes of China's five thousand years of unbroken civilization." Wang Xianqiu said. With the excavation of the ruins of the Eastern Han cemetery at Caopo, the layout and connotation of the cemetery of the Eastern Han Dynasty gradually became clear.

(unearthed building materials)

At present, the excavation of the courtyard area of ​​the Eastern Han cemetery at Baicaopo has basically ended. Next, we will continue to excavate the stone hall and other mausoleum buildings, hoping to in-depth study of the Eastern Han Dynasty mausoleum system.

Eastern Han Dynasty imperial mausoleum is divided into Mang Mountain and LuonanIt is speculated to be related to the emperor’s blood. The Tomb of the Eastern Han Dynasty is divided into the Mangshan Tomb area and the Luonan Tomb area. The area where the Baicaopo Eastern Han Tomb is located belongs to the Luonan Tomb area. The Manshan Tomb area is also buried with 5 Eastern Han emperors. During the 10 years from 2007 to 2017, the archaeological work on the Eastern Han Emperor Mausoleum was mainly concentrated on Mount Mang. At present, the location of 5 Eastern Han Emperor Mausoleums including the original mausoleum of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty has been basically confirmed. From 2006 to 2007, Luoyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted preliminary investigations and excavations of the Eastern Han cemetery at Baicaopo in order to cooperate with the Zhengxi high-speed railway construction. “At that time, a long strip area was excavated only along the part occupied by the railway, and it was difficult to see the full picture of the cemetery. In 2017, the archaeological work of the Baicaopo Eastern Han cemetery site was restarted.” Wang Xianqiu said, setting north and south near the capital. The practice of the two tombs was not the first in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Wang Xianqiu said that the Western Han Dynasty imperial tombs are also distributed in the north and south, but most of them are in the north. Unlike the Eastern Han Dynasty imperial tombs, they are not so evenly distributed. Obviously, they are planned specially. The archaeological community has deeply discussed this phenomenon, and believes that it may be related to the lineage of the heir to the throne. "There were many little emperors in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Some little emperors died before they had children. Therefore, the heir to the throne was selected from the collateral bloodlines of his uncles or uncles. In this way, the successor and the previous emperor were not directly related by blood. In this case, the emperor’s tomb would not be in the same place as the previous one.” Wang Xianqiu said, for example, the newly determined Emperor Huan of the Han Dynasty Xuanling Tomb is in Luonan, and the successor to the throne is not the biological child of Emperor Huan. , He built his cemetery on Mount Mang.