This is a work that can be called the shadow of childhood. Film critic Feng Zijian of Golden Eagle Network said: "Darren uses the most straightforward narrative method combined with incomparable montage-style techniques to show the audience an originally unspeakable world: despai

The author of this article: Grand Duke Petropavlovsk of Habsburg

We are the film review account. I remember it.

So, today we will talk about the movie seriously: " Requiem for a Dream " .

This is a work that can be called the shadow of childhood. Feng Zijian, a film critic at Golden Eagle Network , said: "Darren uses the most straightforward narrative method combined with incomparable montage-style techniques to show the audience a world that is originally indescribable: Despair, degradation, sinking, darkness, depression, helplessness, loneliness, fear, death and other sorrows are orderly and intricately intertwined, dealing a heavy blow to the soul like a torrent. "

Indeed, Darren Ah. Lenofsky uses his own special lens language to restore as many symptoms as possible after taking drugs, such as stereotyped repetition, pupil changes, etc.

(Mydriasis effect in "Requiem for a Dream")

However, it cannot be said that Darren's treatment is necessarily scientific. For example, in the film, the drug taken by Leto and Connery is mainly shown to be heroin, but the shot of them dancing after taking drugs shows the effect of stimulants.

(The dessert hallucination in "Requiem for a Dream")

Furthermore, in the film, Connery takes drugs for design work. It cannot be heroin, an anesthetic, but only cocaine, a stimulant. So in the film, the young couple should be using two different types of drugs at the same time, but Darren doesn't seem to want to explain this clearly, and the filming is very vague.

For this type of traditional drugs, a variety of film and television works have been filmed. Although there are misleading in one way or another, it is still okay to provide various fragments.

We have already talked about the narcotic heroin and the psychedelic drug LSD. Today we’re talking about the stimulant methamphetamine, or amphetamine analogues.

If there is enough space, let’s talk about his upgraded version, MDMA, which spans the two fields of stimulants and hallucinogens.

When talking about methamphetamine, the first reaction of movie fans is definitely " Breaking Bad " . This TV series is very influential in China. It mainly tells the story of chemical synthesis of methamphetamine from the perspective of chemists. But in fact, Chinese and foreigners have different views on this. The reason lies in the unique culture.

At least in this regard, we are far more advanced than foreign countries.

The Chinese field may be the only one in the world that refers to banned chemicals as "drugs". This is a unique cultural atmosphere in the world. The word

is an anesthetic in Japan, which corresponds to the earliest popular drug, opioid anesthetic, and is similar in South Korea.

Therefore, when the Japanese invented the stimulant methamphetamine, it took a certain amount of time to adapt culturally.

In English, the word is drug. The literal translation is medicine, a neutral word.

doesn’t sound as exciting as drugs.

Therefore, the Chinese people have a very radical definition of banned chemicals. Drugs are things that poison people and are absolutely harmful.

The word English-speaking countries is much more neutral and less difficult to accept.

But this culture is not absolutely bad. The Chinese context also has flaws, that is, when this chemical becomes disguised to look non-toxic, stereotype will make people not believe in its harm. .

is more reasonable. The Chinese film and television industry also intentionally or unintentionally deepens the stereotype of drugs, which further enhances this misleading nature.

Ice, whose scientific name is methamphetamine, is amphetamine with a methyl group inserted into it. It is an extremely powerful stimulant.Amphetamine is an upgraded version of phenethylamine , and phenylethylamine is an endogenous hormone in our body. It can be secreted by our body itself and is used to regulate the dopamine system. Our body will store dopamine , and benzene The function of ethylamine is to open the dopamine pathway at the appropriate time, release dopamine, and produce euphoria, that is, a feeling of happiness, which serves as a reward mechanism for people. Generally, when your willpower believes that you should be happy at this time, the brain will secrete phenylethylamine to stimulate the dopamine pathway and release a little bit of the dopamine stored in the brain. It gives you a feeling of euphoria, which is our brain’s reward mechanism.

The upgraded version of the phenylethylamine molecule is amphetamine, which has a stronger effect. When amphetamine is added with a methyl group, it becomes methamphetamine, and the effect is so strong that it explodes.

Meth molecules will prompt the brain to rapidly release all monoamines stored in it, and will kidnap the monoamine oxidase , making it unable to oxidize these monoamines. These monoamines include not only dopamine, which is responsible for happiness, but also , serotonin , which is responsible for emotions, and norepinephrine, which is responsible for physical drive. Therefore, you will get super physical drive and super mental effect.

Don’t think this is so great. Any euphoric feeling produced in the brain cannot be explained, but what your body is doing at this time can be seen and observed. Do you remember the example about drinking in the last issue? You don't know how many intracranial orgasms drunk mengzi have, but you can actually see them talking nonsense, getting excited, vomiting all over the body, and even being suffocated to death by the vomit. He doesn't walk in a straight line, staggers around, and has no control over his muscles.

What are the consequences of the excessive release of norepinephrine and serotonin from methamphetamine? Serotonin brings super mental effects, making people more alert, causing physical drive, hallucinations, and aggression. Becoming irritable and irritable, the super physical driving force brought by norepinephrine will make people involuntarily exercise. Any exercise, such as dancing, driving, you will do what you are doing over and over again without fatigue. Join you. When you are bored at home, you will start to clean the room. Normal people only need to clean the room once. After cleaning twice, they will be tired. You won’t, because you are tired and lazy. These feelings all depend on the serotonin system, and the body’s sleepiness It is determined by adrenaline , so you will clean 30 times, 60 times, tirelessly, wash the mop handle and wash the broken skin, and still have to wash the bloody one.

Note that you are tireless, not untired. It's like dancing in a dance hall after taking stimulants for 8 hours in a row. You don't know how tired you are, but you don't feel tired. The feeling of fatigue is always on your body, but your brain can't feel it. Your muscles will be torn, necrotic, and eventually rhabdomyolysis due to excessive exercise, releasing a large amount of toxins. The body's metabolic waste and toxins produced by excessive exercise will enter your blood circulation and eventually poison yourself.

You are exhausted.

Meth only increases your brain's tolerance, but cannot remove body metabolic waste. You cannot avoid death, and you are not a superman. You must rest when you are tired, otherwise you will die.

Luckily meth is a drug. Amphetamines are also drugs. but. . . . . .

is terrible.

Do you still remember the old mother in "Requiem for a Dream"? He is addicted to watching TV and immersed in his own fantasies. That is not a reaction to drug abuse, but a reaction to depression . In essence, it is an imbalance of his own endogenous dopamine system and serotonin system. pathological reactions. My mother was eager to lose weight, but dieting had damaged her endocrine system. When she went to bed at night, she saw hallucinations of various sweets falling from the sky. This hallucination was very specific. It was actually the brain trying to hope because of the diet. To restore energy intake, this is not the effect of hallucinogens. The effect of hallucinogens is thousands of times more powerful than this. At that time, hallucinations were not so specific and logical.

So my mother prescribed diet pills, which were amphetamine compounds.

Before amphetamine was declared illegal, it appeared in various weight loss pills, or in the nitrogen pumps used in gyms. It is a physical stimulant. After taking it, you will feel excited and you can do more moves. The effect is overwhelming. What about the result of

? Look at the fate of the old mother in "Requiem for a Dream". What is the result?

Let me briefly describe the consequences of methamphetamine drugs. As an exogenous chemical, methamphetamine is external. Under normal circumstances, people can only secrete 0.00 milligrams of phenylethylamine, which is enough to produce everything in your life. The happiness you need, but compared to this amount, even 1 mg of exogenous chemicals is an overdose of more than a hundred times, not to mention that you may have ingested 10 mg, or even 100 mg, a dose of tens of thousands of times. In your brain, phenylethylamine does not make you feel happy. What makes you feel happy is dopamine, which is the original stock of dopamine in your body. The phenylethylamine molecule is equivalent to kicking open the door of the stock and forcibly releasing all dopamine. , as well as serotonin and norepinephrine.

I have already talked about what will happen during that period, now let’s talk about what will happen after that. A large amount of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine combine with their receptors in the brain, giving you a super strong mental effect, but the receptors also have a lifespan, and excessive deactivation, drive, and Tolerance will increase, and you will get tired, and eventually a lot of necrosis and withering will occur. People who are constantly excited and doing physical work for more than 20 hours cannot stand it, and the receptors can't stand it either. The

receptor is dead and withered. You will not be able to activate it with dopamine serotonin in the future, and the system will be completely destroyed.

Before this, because when you use stimulants, you are essentially using the dopamine and serotonin stocks in your own brain. Once the stocks are used up, they will be gone. At this time, if you continue to use stimulants, it will not be effective, because there is no dopamine inventory in your brain. If you use it a few more times, the receptors will die. Even if you wait a few years, dopamine will slowly be secreted again and the inventory will be established. If your body is dead, you won't be able to activate it.

You can't feel happy anymore.

Because of your reward system, the dopamine system is disrupted. Happiness is essentially brought about by the release of dopamine. Now that there is no dopamine in your body, or the receptors are dead and you can no longer feel dopamine, you will lose your happiness forever.

What do you think this means?

Don’t forget that there is also the serotonin system in charge of emotions. Depression patients are caused by problems with this system. The principle is the same as above. The serotonin system will also run out of stocks and burn out receptors, but there is a little difference. Small difference.

Too much dopamine will bring a lot of happiness and make people crazy, but it will not kill people.

Too much serotonin can lead to serotonin syndrome, which can lead to death.

There are also norepinephrine systems, various monoamine systems, various overdoses, withering, and death. After an overdose, the stock is used up and there is no more.

If the GABA system is like this, you will have insomnia, unable to sleep, and you will not be able to sleep, because the hormone that makes you sleep has been used up by you. Serotonin will make you depressed, anxious, and suspicious. This is why people take methamphetamine. The fundamental reason why patients will have delusions of persecution, self-mutilation and other phenomena.

This is artificially creating depression and making people crazy. Depression is a problem with a person's serotonin system, and drug abuse is an artificial destruction of the serotonin system. Artificial depression.

All of these are the effects of amphetamine drugs. The old mother in "Requiem for a Dream" takes diet pills containing amphetamine compounds.

The effect is the same, but because it is not methamphetamine, the intensity is slightly different, and it is not so violent that it can kill people directly, but the chronic effect is exactly the same.

It should be said that "Requiem for a Dream" depicts the line of the old mother in the most mature and three-dimensional way.Instead of choosing methamphetamine, it chose amphetamine-based diet pills, which was a stroke of genius.

Do you still remember the cultural differences discussed before? In the English context, drug abuse means drug abuse, drug abuse. Although the intensity sounds much lower, more approachable and easy to accept, the breadth of acceptance is also much wider.

If you change it to the Chinese context, drugs are drugs, but this weight loss pill is a drug, and it is really effective, so it will be much more difficult to accept it.

Losing weight does work, but it will eventually burn your brain, girl.

Although the description of "drugs" in the Chinese context is much harsher, it also creates greater stereotypes, resulting in some seemingly "legal" drugs not being scrutinized by the general audience, the most common of which are amphetamine drugs. It may be weight loss pills, nitrogen pumps in the gym, or various health products claiming to have anti-fatigue effects. After all, this stuff was used by the military as an anti-fatigue agent during World War II.

Yes, the Captain America project in the comics is real to some extent. Countries, especially Western developed capitalist countries, are making continuous efforts.

The biggest father of drugs is Shulkin . He invented more than 170 methamphetamine derivatives and more than 50 serotonin derivatives. He is also the chief consultant of the US Drug Enforcement Administration and has made great contributions to the preparation of global anti-drug textbooks. .

was eventually suppressed and fired by the US Drug Enforcement Administration due to the proliferation of ecstasy.

The military is still researching anti-fatigue agents. Yes, based on the basic structure of methamphetamine, the latest success is modafinil, which is a powerful anti-fatigue agent and can keep you energetic for 48 hours without sleep deprivation. In essence, it is still tinkering with the chemical structure and of methamphetamine.

Have you watched "I'm Not the God of Medicine"?

Yes, Modafinil, an anti-fatigue drug, was developed for the military, but it is currently copied by Indian pharmaceutical factories and entered China through gray channels. It is currently sold to children in combination with Ritalin for study purposes and to stay up late after eating. There was no end to getting up.

Why? Because it is a stimulant, it is in the form of a drug. Chinese people do not accept it as a drug, and the cultural impact is too great.

It’s scary to think about it, isn’t it?

If you are a parent, you must be careful not to do this for your children. It is a derivative of methamphetamine, a properly regulated chemical. poison. Your kids don't need stimulants to focus on their studies.

What's more, it can't improve academic performance.

There are two other big guys in the methamphetamine derivatives.

One is methcathinone, also called bath salts, because it was first sold disguised as bath salts. It is more famous on the Internet as a zombie drug because a case happened in the Lighthouse Country. A man smoked methcathinone. Because of his super aggressiveness and physical drive, the drug addict knocked down a passerby and gnawed on his face. He was not dealt with by the police who dared to come until half of his face was eaten away.

This hot topic quickly made methcathinone famous, creating a strong stereotype. Countless low-cost horror films promoted the term "zombie drug". Indeed, stimulant drug users will lose control due to excessive physical excitement. He lives in a physical body and walks in a very strange posture. Coupled with the hallucinogenic effect, the world he sees is different from that of normal people, resulting in strong cognitive confusion. It is indeed a bit like a zombie.

Methcathinone also has a name, Changzhijin. Changzhi is a place name, and Jin is the local dialect for this drug. This Changzhi refers to Changzhi of Shanxi Province, which is not far away from us. Posting two pieces of news for you to read.

In August 2014, a "face-gnawing man" wearing only red underwear was seen on the streets of Jinan, Shandong Province late at night. He choked a woman with a scarf and bit her. Fortunately, security guard Zhang Minxian subdued the man. It is known that the man who committed the crime is a mentally ill person from Texas.Before the incident, the victim and another woman got up early to sell figs . At that time, they rode their bicycles to the west entrance of Yingxian Street. After they passed in front of the "face-gnawing man", he caught up with the victim from behind, without a trace. Without warning, he pulled him down and then beat him and bit his face.

Doctors said the face-gnawing man's attacks were probably caused by the drug known as "bath salts." Previously, police said that the attacker may be suffering from "cocaine psychosis," a mental problem caused by drugs that can prompt people to take off their clothes and get naked due to the heat.

In June 2012, a drunk man in Wenzhou, Zhejiang bit a woman driving by near a bus stop until her face was bloody and bloody. The man is called Wenzhou Face-Eating Man on the Internet. In reality, let’s call him Dong. He is 45 years old and from Anhui. He drank one and a half kilograms of liquor at that time. Afterwards, Dong’s friends said that Dong was usually normal, but whenever he drank alcohol, he lost control of his mind. After sobering up, Dong confessed that he could not remember the incident of biting someone while drunk. It is reported that Dong compensated the victims a total of more than 110,000 yuan, including medical expenses.

According to doctors, whether they are mentally ill, drug addicts or drunk, face-biting men will have severe mental symptoms, manifested as confusion, strong excitement and aggressive behavior. This time, a man biting his face suddenly appeared in Jinan. Security guard Zhang Minxian recalled that when he rescued people, he said that there were two cars passing by and stopped. The driver looked at them and left, without helping to stop the man from committing the crime. Fortunately, there were other enthusiastic people who helped. Otherwise, he alone would not be able to subdue the "face-gnawing man". It is reported that the perpetrator has been handed over to Wenzhou police for processing.

asked you if you are afraid.

There is something even more terrifying, ecstasy. He doesn’t just shake his head after taking it. What does it mean to shake his head? If you don't shake it, try it. This means that your so-called will can no longer control your limbs. This shaking reaction is the instinctive reaction of the limbs and a symbol of over-excitement. You can't control it. You know that you can no longer control your limbs correctly. Command, unable to control limbs, how dangerous is this?

Ecstasy is also a derivative of methamphetamine. Its physical and mental effects are about half of those of methamphetamine. However, it is not a castrated version of methamphetamine because it also has hallucinogenic effects. It is a drug that spans the two categories of stimulants and hallucinogens. The big killer.

So in the plot of " Kowloon Ice Room " , he was mixed into a drink and let the children drink it. That was really outrageous.

This stuff is more harmful than methamphetamine. Because it is more lethal, it was also invented by the U.S. military. The first person in the world to die from ecstasy was the U.S. military who was testing its guinea pig, a living guinea pig, who died on the spot.

His names are various. In " Young and Dangerous " Chen Haonan is the "cross" that encourages the pastor to give it a try. It is also the "Smurf" that appears in nightclubs in various gangster movies. How often does it appear? It's quite high. Especially seen in gangster movies.

He directly led to the fall of Shulkin, the great figure in the drug industry. As mentioned above, Shulkin was a chemist and the chief consultant of the US Drug Enforcement Administration. He devoted his life to studying methamphetamine derivatives, hoping to find them that could treat depression. disease drugs. He discovered that ecstasy worked well and applied for a medical license. It was his existence as a top chemist who compiled many catalogs of banned chemicals and developed many detection reagents for banned chemicals. However, because of his obstruction, ecstasy was deliberately allowed to go unused because of its "possible medical prospects." many years.

In the end, the US Drug Enforcement Administration broke with him and cracked down on him. The Drug Enforcement Administration has lost a top chemist consultant, and the scientific community has lost a top figure, but ecstasy has been classified as a first-class controlled drug.

The story of the American drug king Shulkin may have been made into a film and television work. I mean maybe, because I didn't find it.

Final ending, remember, the only chance you can use your will to control chemicals is now, don't touch it, once ingested, you cannot defeat chemicals.

Don't touch, don't touch, don't touch!

(pictures from the Internet, copyright belongs to the original author)