The historical development of the lyric sentence pattern
The beauty of the form of the long and short lyrics is formed by intricately changing the eight-character rule of "odd and even, light and heavy". On the one hand, it provides proper arrangements according to the circumflex and anti-falling syllables of each tune, and participates in the ups and downs of the emotions expressed in the tune; on the other hand, it absorbs the "Book of Songs", "Chu Ci" and even the Yuefu poems of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. The special syllables of ancient and modern poems created by the major poets in the Tang Dynasty were adjusted by "everything is suitable"; in this way, the close combination of music and language was achieved, and through the continuous practice of countless poets and folk artists, the sentence of each word was made. Both the style and the rhyme position have their stereotypes. We need to innovate on the basis of classical poetry with rich heritage in order to facilitate the development of new metrical poems and lyrics of various operas or operas. This issue is worthy of careful discussion.
Based on my personal learning experience of Tang and Song tunes, analysis and comparison of the same type of lyrics, and even the collation of works by different writers of the same lyrics, I deeply feel this special form, although the Song and Yuan Dynasties have been compared with the original tunes. Music breaks away and has become a "poetry that cannot be read in a sentence", but its sentence patterns are uneven and seem to be very free, but in reality, it is subject to many restrictions. The expression of different emotions such as joy, anger, sorrow and joy is very important. of.
Yu Bo's agitated tunes
Generally speaking, the sentence arrangement of each lyrics does not show harmony and anger in syllables. And this kind of adjustment relationship is manifested in the middle of each sentence of the whole sentence, and some of the anchor words of each sentence are manifested. The overall structure depends on how it is configured in terms of sentence parity and sentence length, and secondly, how it arranges the tones at the end of each sentence, which shows the rapidness and relaxation of the tone of voice. The passion and gentleness. For example, the "Liu Zhou Ge Tou" cited in the third lecture, because it uses three-character short sentences in succession to form a mellow and stimulating section, it is suitable for expressing passionate and generous emotions. In Xiao Ling's short tune, it is like "The Hairpin Phoenix":
Red crisp hands, yellow Teng wine, full of spring color palace wall willows.
The east wind is evil, but love is weak.
I feel sad and have been away for a few years.
wrong! wrong! wrong!
Spring is as old as ever,People are empty and thin, tear-stained red sharks pierced through.
Peach blossoms, Xianchi Pavilion.
Although the mountain league is here, the Jinshu is hard to come by.
Mo! Mo! Mo!
——Lu You's "Fang Weng Ci"
This tune, the upper and lower melody use four three-character short sentences, four four-character even sentences, and a three-character repetitive sentence, and each sentence is closed with a squeeze. Although the whole rhyme is exchanged for all fours, the flat-ze exchange is not used to obtain the harmony, but the upper half is exchanged above, and the lower half is exchanged. This constitutes the overall angry syllable, showing a kind of eagerness and bitterness. The posture is precisely the expression of the local painful mood of the author at that time.
is another example of "Shaking the Ting Qiu":
Don't come to hear thousands of miles, hate it, it is hard to send.
Bisha Qiuyue, Wutong night rain, sleepless a few times!
The building is high and the eyes are off, the sky is dark and the clouds are dark, and it can only be haggard.
Nian Lantang red candles, with long hearts and short flames, weeping to others.
——He Zhu's "Pearl and Jade Poems"
This tune is almost all composed of even sentences, and the upper half is after the first six-character even sentence, followed by a reversed one. The four-sentence pattern reluctantly grabs the impulsive feelings, just like the calligrapher's so-called "no sag without shrinking". The following three four-character puppets, which are stubborn, show a stubborn sentiment. In the middle of the repeated use of this form in the lower half of the syllable, only one word for sound ("reading") is added to make the whole syllable present a strong posture. Applying this kind of tunes to express detachment will not become soft and charming.
deduces the rhythm and voice of this kind of sentence pattern, thus forming a long tone suitable for expressing sad and strong emotions, like "Water Dragon Yin" is the best example:
Autumn is endless.
Yuan Cen Yuanmu, offering sorrow and hatred, hosta snail bun.
Sunset at the front of the building, in the sound of the broken Hong, a wandering from the south of the Yangtze River.
Looked at Wu Gou, and patted the railings, no one will be, and I will be on my mind.
Hugh said that the perch is worthy of the wind, and the season's eagle will return?
Seeking Tian Wen She, afraid of being ashamed, Liu Lang is talented.
Unfortunately, the passing years,Sorrowful wind and rain, the tree is still so!
Qian, who is calling, red scarf and green sleeves, tears of heroes.
——Xin Qiji's "Deng Jiankang Appreciating the Heart Pavilion", see "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences"
The overall structure of this long tune is mainly composed of seventeen four-character even sentences, and the upper and lower gates each have three even sentences Compose a fragment. But from the overall point of view, there are oddities in the repetition, as if "Luntai roars in September at night, and the gravel in a river is as big as a fight, and the wind is full of stones." The straight down declension is exactly the same as the sentence configuration of "Shaking the Ting Qiu". Except that the first half of the sentence and foot characters used two flat tones, and the second half of the sentence and the foot used a squat to make the syllables slightly more melodious, the rest were also used to stop the foot. In the latter part of the first half, the word "ba" is used to lead two four-character even sentences and two three-character odd sentences; in the latter part of the second half, the word "qian" is used to lead three A four-character puppet sentence, with a special sentence pattern of the following three at the end, to give a reversal and frustration, which just shows the poignant voice and attitude of the song.
As for the use of more three-character short sentences to form short-tuned small orders, at first glance, some of them are similar to the organization of "Chai Tou Feng", like "Geng Lei Zi":
The fragrance of jade furnace, red candles and tears, according to the painting Tang Qiu Si.
Eyebrows are thin and green, clouds on the temples are remnant, and the night is long and the pillow is cold.
The sycamore tree, the three watchmen are raining, and it is hard to divorce.
One leaf, with a sound, the air step drops to the bright.
——Wen Tingyun's "Hua Jian Ji"
Although this short tune also uses four three-character peculiar sentences, the footing is used in a flat and a square, and the rhyme is also flat and flat, which constitutes a mellow syllable , The mood is very different.
is used in conjunction with many short-sounding short-sounding commands that are mixed with special sentence patterns. They often show a stubborn and vigorous voice, suitable for expressing "lonely standing" and agitated and uneven sentiments. For example, "Good Things Are Near":
Spring road rains icing, flowers move mountains and spring scenery.
Go deep into the creek, there are hundreds of orioles.
Feiyun turns the dragon snake face to face, Yao corrects the sky.
Drunk lying in the shadow of the ancient vine, I don't know the north and the south.
——Qin Guan's "Composition in Dream", see "Long and Short Sentences of Huaihai Layers"
Wake up drunk more without season.
Live the green lily and Qingli, accustomed to cover the frost and wash the snow.
In the evening, the wind will settle the fishing line, and the new moon will be up and down.
Thousands of miles, water and sky, look at the lonely hung dying.
——Zhu Dunru's "Fisherman's Words", see "Qiaoge"
Ningbi the old pond head, and the orchestra is mournful.
The sound of the pear garden is always unbearable.
The apricot blossom has nowhere to avoid the sorrow of spring, but also the wild smoke.
Only the sound of Yugou is broken, and it seems that people are sobbing.
——Wonji Han's "Bianjing Banquet, Hearing Jiaofang Music, Feelings", see "Nanjian Shiyu"
This short-tuned voice is so agitated, the main key is to remove the top and bottom of the first In addition to the flat sound of the sentence, the sentence ending with the foot is used, and the following is used together; and the second sentence of the second half must use "ZeZeZePingZe" to form an angry syllable, and the two concluding sentences must use the inverted upper and lower four sentences; Quanyu must choose the short Rhyme part in order to make the "Emotion and Sound Convergence" exactly the specific content of the examples cited above.
has the same type as "Shaking the Ting Qiu" but with the same short tone as the voices and attitudes of "Hai Tou Feng" and "Good Things Near", for example, "Salt Jiaoer":
open time Snow is like snow when you thank you, and the flowers are wonderful.
The fragrance is not in the pistils, the fragrance is not in the calyx, and the bones are fragrant.
Occupy the stream breeze, stay in the stream for the moon, shame and loss, the mountain peach like blood.
Zhirao is more sparse and faint, and there is a general love in the end.
——Chao Buzhi's "Viewing Plum Blossoms in Bo She", see "Chao Shi Qin Qu Wai Pian"
Another example is "Remembering the Youth":
Infinite official willow, ruthless painting, no root traveler.
Nanshan is still sending each other away, but Gaocheng is separated.
The paintings of gardens and streams are cyanotic, recalculated and completed.
Liu Lang's temples are like this, the color of peach blossoms!
——Chao Buzhi's "Bie Lixia", see "Chao's Qin Fun Outer Chapter"
The sentence structure and phonological organization of the first half of "Salt Jiaoer" is almost the same as the second half of "Shaking the Ting Qiu" The same is the same; although the second half uses two three-character pairs at the beginning,Moreover, the sentence foot uses a flat and flat tone, which seems to have turned into a humorous; but then two special sentence patterns of up, three and down four are used, until the end, they are all used to close the rhyme; the rhyme part uses a short entering tone, this It fully shows the agitation and passion, which is called the plum blossom standard. The first half of "Reminiscence of the Youth" uses three four-character puppets in a row, which is the same as that of "Salt Jiaoer." The agitated mood has been fully presented. The second sentence of the second half of the ring again uses the special sentence pattern of “three, three and four”; followed by a "flat and flat" sentence and a sentence of up and down four; plus the whole squat, and use all It is the rhyme of entering sound, which constitutes its eager and stern voice, which just expresses the author's all-round emotion.
As for the exchange of flat rhyme and rhyme, the monotonous small order that is slightly similar to "Geng Leo Zi" is like "Liao Liao Ling":
He Han, He Han, Xiao hangs the autumn city long.
I am sad and hopeful, and leave from the south of the Yangtze River and the north of the north.
Parting, parting, although He Han is on the same road.
——Wei Yingwu "Weijiang State Collection"
Yangliu, Yangliu, Baisha Ferry at sunset.
On the bow of the ship, the river is boundless, and the young businessman is heartbroken.
Broken intestines, broken intestines, partridges fly away at night.
——"Yuefu Poetry Collection" Volume 79 "Modern Songs" Recorded by Wang Jianzuo
This tune uses two dichotomous sentences at the beginning and the end, followed by a six-character even sentence; the middle waist uses two six-character sentences Even sentence; violates the harmony rule of "odd and even coexist". Although the rhyme department is calm and harmonious, and the corresponding effect is tactful, in general, the sentiment is urgent.
refers to the long tones of slow songs, which present anger and excitement on syllables. Generally, four- and six-character sentences are used to close the feet, mixed with two or three-character short sentences, and pressed into the voice. rhyme. For example, "Lanling King":
The willowy is straight, and the smoke is green.
On the embankment of Sui, how many times have you seen it, seeing off in the water?
Ascend to the homeland.
Who knows?
Jinghua tired off?
Changting Road, as the year goes by, the soft strips should be folded over a thousand feet.
leisurely looking for the old traces.
The wine took advantage of the mourning string again, and the lights left the table.
Pear blossom elm fire promotes cold food.
With a quick arrow of sadness, the waves are warm, and I turn around and hand over to the station, looking for people in the north of the sky.
Sad, hate piles up.
Farewell to Pu Yinghui gradually, and Jinyu is dead.
The setting sun and the spring are endless.
Read the moon pavilion hand in hand, uncover the bridge and hear the flute.
Contemplation of the past, like a dream, tears dripping.
——Zhou Bangyan's "Halal Collection"
According to Mao Hui's "Wooden Logs": "At the beginning of Shaoxing, the capital prevailed in the Zhou Muslim chanting willow "Lanling King Slow", and Nanwa in the West Tower is a song of all. It is called "Three Die of Weicheng." With Zhou Ci Fansan for the head, to the end, the sound is particularly agitated, but the old flute master of Jiaofang can rely on those who can rely on the festival song." The score of "Lanling King" is still present. Reserved in Japan, filled with phonograph film. We only use the sentence structure and phonological organization of Zhou Ci to explore the reason why it is "extremely agitated to the end". In the sentence pattern, a two-character and a three-character short sentence are used in the last paragraph, and two four-character puppets are led by a Qusheng "gradual", and a Qusheng "Nian" also leads two four-character even Sentence; and the flat arrangement in one sentence deliberately violates the usual practice of tuning, such as the "Ping to Ping in" of "Jinhou Cen Ji", and the "Into Go to Ping in" of "Yuexie Hand in Hand", "Like a dream." "Go up" and "Go go in" in "Tears and dark drops"; and in each sentence, except for "Farewell Puyinghui" with a flat voice alone, which is more gentle and graceful, the rest is combined with a zhe; this constitutes it The syllable of anger shows agitation, which is suitable for expressing the desolation and agitation. Look at its overall structure.
The first paragraph uses a two-character, three three-character short sentences and three four-character, one six-character even sentence, although there is a five-character or two seven-character odd sentences in the middle, which seems to be in line with "odd and even. "", but the flat arrangement in the sentence violates the usual practice of tuning. It is like the "swimming water to see off" the "going flat and going flat", and the "going flat and going into the homeland" of "coming to the homeland" ", "Should fold the soft strip over a thousand feet" "flat into flat and flat to flat into", and they all constitute the syllable of anger. The second paragraph uses two four-character even sentences with the word "you" in Qusheng and two four-character even sentences with the word "sorrow" in flat sound, although two five-character and two seven-character odd sentences are wrong. The sentence seems to have a mellow syllable of "odd and even",However, the flat and flat arrangement in the sentence violates the usual practice of tuning, such as "going in peace" in "seeking the old traces of leisure", "going in peacefully" in "returning to the post", and "looking at people in the sky". "North" "Go flat to flat enter", add the occasional sentence "Light shines away from the seat" "Ping go to flat", "Quick shot" "Enter to go flat", are some things that cannot be changed freely. Sentences. Connecting the phonological organization of these three paragraphs, carefully comprehending, it is indeed getting tighter and tighter, fully showing the agitation, and a kind of soft and charming voice is completely special.
Some slow tunes and long tunes, although they show the beauty of "odd and even coexistence" in the sentence length, the odd sentences mostly use the inverse special syntax, and the even sentences mostly use the six-character sentence pattern, and the flat arrangement in the sentence is more complicated. Crime can also constitute an agitated voice. For example, "Lang Tao Sha Slow":
The dawn is heavy, the frost is withered on the bank, and the fog is hidden in the city.
Nanmo Zhiche is ready to go, and Dongmen wants to drink.
We are blowing the face, weeping Yang can gather the knot, cover the red tears, and the jade hands fold.
Where will Hanpu leave Hong Kong? Over time, the message must be heard.
Feeling eager, looking far and wide.
Xianglu Lengfeng clears nowhere, Geng Genghan leaks his swallows.
Everything is unforgettable, but farewell.
Cui Zun is inexhaustible, and with the broken clouds, he takes the waning moon in the West Tower.
The striped quilt is piled up, and the chain is solved, and the old Xiangtan rests.
Resent Geyong, Qiong Hu knock is missing.
I hate the time when the spring is gone, let the night go, I have a lot of free time.
——Zhou Bangyan's "Halal Collection"
There are too many syntactic changes and verbose sentences in this long tone. Just like "cover the red tears and jade hands to fold" (upper level goes into upper level enters) is a convoluted sentence; "combination of the old Xiangdon rest" (level up and down to enter) and "hate the spring to go without people "Period" (Go to Ping to Go to Shang Ping Ping) is a flat sentence of three to four. Another example is "Where is the Hanpu from Hongkong" (Go to Shangping to Ping Shang) and "Where to go to Hanpu from Hong Kong" (go to Shangping to Ping Shang) and " "Xiang Lu Lengfeng and clear no one's place" (Go to Shangping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping) a sloppy sentence, "With the broken clouds to stay and take the West Tower Residual Moon" (Ping to Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping) is the upper three and the lower six. The flat sentence, "The song of complaint, Yongqiong, is missing the pot" (going to the flat and flat to enter) is a flat sentence of three to five.These are all special sentences with intricate changes. There are also some awkward sentences, such as "Go to the upper level and enter" in "Fog hidden city battlement", "Ping to go up and enter" in "Dongmen tents and drink", and "Go to level" in "Looking at the center of the earth and the sky." "Shangping in", "Geng Genghan Leaking the Swallow", "Up and Going and Entering", "Flat and Going in" of "Slightly Farewell", and "Flating and Going in Flatly" in "Ruodaiguang Diminishing Lines" "Go and go in" in "Nengye Se" are the main conditions for the formation of anger syllables. Link these many obsessive sentences with special sentence patterns to achieve the unity of the contradictions of harmony and anger. This is what Wang Guowei said: "Those who read the words still feel anger, self-forgiveness and gracefulness, gracefulness and festivals, prosperous meetings, turbidity and vigor, and exchanges with each other." ("Mr. Muslim's legacy") All this is determined by the intricately changing rhythm of the original tune.
Liuli and Wan's tunes Long Yusheng
Now look back and see how to form harmonious syllables, in the arrangement of long and short sentences, how is the best fit for the eight-character rule of "odd and even, weight and weight"? First of all, we have to pay attention to which tunes are the closest to the form of modern poetry, which ones are mixed with other different sentence patterns, and how the flatness of its footing is arranged, we can infer each syllable and the euphemistic tune, which compares It is suitable for expressing the lingering and tragic feelings, which is more suitable for expressing the graceful and luxurious demeanor, which is more suitable for expressing the magnificent arms, and which is more suitable for expressing the unrest and open mind. All of this requires a careful experience of their voices before they can be qualified to "rely on the voice".
For example, it is composed of three, five, or seven-character sentences and uses the ci-pai tone of flat rhyme. The syllable is the most beautiful. The short tones such as "Recalling Jiangnan", "Huanxisha", and "Partridge Sky" mentioned in the previous chapters are all odd, and on the whole, one or two symmetrical sentences must be added. , Which makes the unevenness and neatness obtain a kind of adjustment, and makes their voice and appearance tend to be fluent and harmonious. On the basis of the five or seven-character modern poems, changes can be added to increase the beauty of its voice and emotions. There are the following tunes:
(1) "Little Heavy Mountain":
Spring to Changmen spring grass green.
The jade stage Hua Lu drops, the moon is bright.
The east wind blows off the purple flute.
The palace leaks, and the warrior screams outside the curtain.
Sad dreams are hard to come by.
The red makeup shed tears, and she is very emotional.
Move the skirt around the steps by hand.
Sijun cuts, Luo Por is born in the dark.
——Xue Zhaoyun's "The Collection of Flowers"
(2) "Nanxiangzi":
Looking back at the chaotic mountains, you can't see the people but the city.
Who is like Linping Mountain's towers and pavilions, welcoming guests from the west?
Homecoming, the breeze is clear, and the dream of the first cold will not come true.
Tonight is the place where the residual light is obliquely illuminated, and the tears are not clear when the autumn rain is clear.
——Su Shi's "Dongpo Yuefu·Send Shugu"
(3) "Nan Gezi":
When the rain is dark and the night is suspicious, the wind will return to the sky.
Light clouds are shining obliquely on the mountains, and the grass is soft and Shaxi Road is light with horseshoes.
Mao is still sleepy when he wakes up from alcohol, but the fairy village dream is not a reality.
Where does Blue Bridge find Yunying?
Only amorous and flowing water accompanies people to walk.
——Su Shi's "Dongpo Yuefu"
(4) "Jiangchengzi":
Ten years of life and death!
I don't think about it, I will never forget it.
Thousands of miles of lonely graves, there is nowhere to say sadness.
Even if you don't know you when you meet, your face is dusty and your temples are like frost.
The night comes, Youmeng returns home suddenly.
Xiaoxuan window, dressing up.
We are speechless, but we have a thousand lines of tears.
is expected to be broken every year, bright moon night, short Matsuoka.
——Su Shi's "Dongpo Yuefu·Yimao First Moon Twentieth Night Dream"
The first example of "Xiaozhongshan" uses three, five, and seven words in the wrong way. It makes its voice extremely suppressed and low, and it is suitable to express lingering emotions. The second example of "Nanxiangzi" is just a variation of two quatrain poems that are not sticky. The first sentence is reduced by two characters, and it is moved below the third sentence, adding a rhyme to make the syllables more perfect . The third example of "Nan Gezi" is composed of two five-character pairs and one seven-character and one nine-character single sentence. It is gradually rushed by Su Xu, and the last two characters appear to be swaying.There is a lingering and endless reverberation. The fourth example of "Jiang Chengzi" is composed of seven, three, three, seven, three, and three with a nine-character sentence pattern consisting of four, four, and five in the middle. The above four cases are basically syllable and beautiful. As for "Ruan Lang Gui":
The old incense powder is like the original, but human feelings are not as good.
There are still several lines of books in spring, but even more sparse books in autumn.
The quilt and the phoenix are cold, the pillow is lonely, and the sadness is waiting for the wine to relax.
Dreaming souls, even if they are there, become emptied, it is nothing but dreams!
——Yan Jidao's "Small Mountain Ci"
In addition to the beginning of the seven-character sentence by Houyuan, the sentence is a three-character pair, and it is formed by the alternation of the seven-character and the five-character. It has a flat and flat arrangement as a whole. The second character of each sentence uses flat tones, which is the opposite of the full flat tones in "Nanxiangzi". In terms of mood, this is lower and higher, so the applicable artistic conception is also different. This short note rhymes almost every sentence, pressing down in one breath, it is more suitable to express the lingering and low-tempered mood.
As for the short-tuned quizzes composed of four-character and five-character or a mixture of six-character and five-character and five-character, their syllable attitude basically belongs to the type of fluent, humorous and euphemistic. Examples are as follows:
(1) "Youth Tour":
Chang'an Ancient Road Ma is late, and Gaoliu chaotically cicadas hiss.
Outside the sunset island, on the Qiufengyuan, the eyes hang down for four days.
After returning to the cloud without a trace, where is the early stage?
He is unfamiliar and drunk, unlike last year.
-Liu Yong's "Music Chapter Collection"
The sword is like water, Wu Yan wins the snow, and the finger is broken into a new orange.
In the early warmth of the brocade, the fragrance of the beasts continues, sitting and blowing the sheng relatively.
asked in a low voice: to whom? The city has been watched three times.
The horse has a thick frost, so it's better to stop, it's just a few people!
——Zhou Bangyan's "Halal Collection"
(2) "Linjiang Fairy":
After the dream, the stairs are high and the curtains hang down.
Last year when the spring hatred came.
The flower is independent, and the Swifts fly.
I remember Xiao Ping first saw it, the two-centered character Luo Yi, and the pipa said lovesickness on the strings.
When the moon was there, Zeng Zhao Caiyun returned.
——Yan Jidao's "Small Mountain Ci"
Drinking at night, Dongpo wakes up and gets drunk, returning like a third watch.
The child's nose is thunderous.
Don't even knock on the door, leaning on the stick to listen to the river.
I hate this body forever, when will I forget the camp?
The night is calm and the wind is flat.
Xiaozhou passed away, Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life.
——Su Shi's "Dongpo Yuefu"
These two short tones, although the length of the sentences are slightly different, but the syllables are mellow and the voice is suppressed, and the overall arrangement is unusually symmetrical.
Arrangement of short rhyme sentences and emotional relationship Long Yusheng
Next, let’s talk about the relationship between the arrangement of short rhyme sentences and express different emotions. For example, Fan Zhongyan's "The Pride of the Fisherman" and "The Journey of the Royal Street":
The scenery is different in autumn, and the geese in Hengyang go without paying attention.
The sound on all sides starts from the corners.
Qianzhangli, Changyan, the sunset is closed.
A cup of turbid wine is thousands of miles away, but Yan Ran has no plans.
Qiang pipes are frosty on the ground.
People are insomnia, and the general has white hair and tears.
——"Fan Wenzheng's Poetry Yu·The Pride of the Fisherman"
The night is silent, and the cold sound is broken.
The pearl curtain rolls in the sky of the jade building, and the sky is pale and the Milky Way is hanging down.
Every year and tonight, the moon is blooming like practice, and the length is thousands of miles!
The sadness is broken for no reason to be drunk.
Before the wine arrives, tears come first.
The rest of the lamp is on and off, the pillow is stuck, and you know the taste of lonely sleep.
is here for this matter, between the eyebrows and the heart, there is no way to avoid it.
——"Fan Wenzheng's Poems Yu Jie Xing"
Except for a three-character sentence, the front and back of the "fisher’s proud" is roughly equivalent to a seven-character quatrain.The flat arrangement in the sentence is harmonious, but the syllable is angry from the perspective of the overall character. In addition, the rhyming of the sentences shows the tension and urgency of emotions, which is suitable for expressing the hearty heart of arrogance and solemnity. "Yujie Xing" is composed of three-, five-, and seven-character odd sentences and four- and six-character odd sentences. It seems to be the most suitable for the harmony law of "odd and even coexistence", but the front and back ends except for the seven in the middle. The words and sentences are closed with a flat sound, and the rest are closed with a squat, which constitutes the overall anger than harmony; and in the second half, a six-character and two four-character sporadic sentences are used together, and one is used. The five-character single sentence makes a strong pause, which shows an open-minded, heroic boldness. It is used to express the tenderness of the children, and it will never become soft and charming. The unity of content and form is varied, even if the same subject matter is used, different forms can also express the different personalities of different authors. Let’s take a look at Li Qingzhao’s "One Cut Plum":
Red lotus root fragrant and residual jade in autumn.
Relax Luo Shang lightly, and get on the Lanzhou alone.
Who will send the brocade book in the cloud? When the wild goose returns, the moon is full of the west building.
The flower flows from the water.
A kind of love, two sorrows.
There is no way to get rid of this situation, so I lower my brows, but my heart.
——Li Qingzhao's "Shuyu Ci"
Isn't the content and vocabulary of this Houyu roughly similar to that of Fan Zhongyan's "Yujiexing"? However, we have come to read the two syllables carefully, and the latter author's "Easy to Float in the Wind and Rain" (Liu Xizai's comment on Wei Duanji and Feng Zhengzhong's words, see "YiGai" Volume 4 "Ci and Qu" ") Isn’t it easy to experience the cowardly temperament? This "One Cut Plum" uses all the flat sound to close the feet, fully showing the low mood, and it is impossible to cheer it up.
The pattern and voice of the long tune of the slow song
As for the long tune of the slow song, the intricate changes in the sentence pattern are even more diverse. How to constitute a syllable of anger? I have talked about it briefly before. Here we will cite a few long tones that use flat rhyme to form harmonious syllables as examples to analyze the tone and emotion of sentence arrangement.
is extremely jumbled and scattered, in order to show the beauty of the voice that shakes the bones, the strength and the softness, I think the long tune of "Eight Voices of Ganzhou" is the most reverberating.Let's give examples of the famous works of Song people as follows:
(1) Liu Yong:
To Xiaoxiao's evening rain, to clear the autumn.
Gradually, the frost and wind are miserable, Guanhe is left in the cold, and the building still shines afterwards.
is the red decay and the green decay.
Only the Yangtze River flows silently.
I can't bear to climb high and far away, looking at my hometown, it is difficult to return to thinking.
Sigh for the traces of the past years, why do you suffer so much?
I want a beautiful lady to make up Lou Yongwang, how many times have I missed the horizon?
Knowing me, leaning on the left side of my neck, I am sorrowful!
——"The Collection of Music Chapters"
(2) Su Shi:
There are thousands of miles of sentimental wind and the tide is coming, and the tide is sent back ruthlessly.
On the Qiantang River, at the mouth of Xixingpu, what is the oblique brightness?
Don't think about the past and the past, but the past is different!
Who is as old as Dongpo, but Baishou forgets his machine?
Remember the west bank of West Lake, the benefits of Zhengchun Mountain, the empty green smoke.
is considered a poet, like me and Jun Xi.
To return to the sea in the east of his year, I hope Xie Gongya will not disobey each other.
Xizhou Road, I shouldn't look back, just get my clothes on.
——"Dongpo Yuefu·Send San Liozi"
(3) Wu Wenying:
The sky is so small and smoke is far away, what is the young sky falling long star?
Magic Cang Cliff Cloud Tree, named Baby Golden House, and Can Do Miyagi.
The arrow's sour wind shoots the eye, and the greasy water is stained with fishy.
When the double-dark mandarin sounds, the autumn leaves on the corridor.
King Wu in the palace is intoxicated, and he wakes up from fishing alone.
Ask the sky to be speechless, Hua Fa Nai Shanqing.
The water culvert is empty, and the high places of Langan, send chaos to the sunset and fishermen.
Call for wine, go to the piano stage, Autumn and Yunping.
—— "Meng Chuang Ci Collection: Lingyan Accompanying Yu Mu Zhu Gong Tour"
The above three works, although there are some discrepancies in the rhythm of sentence reading, but the passionate and desolate sentiment are basically the same. The earliest works handed down by Song people are Liu Ci as the earliest.If we want to analyze the phonology, of course, we must use Liu Ci as the standard. Let's see how he handles this rhythm relationship? At the beginning, I used a Qusheng "right", leading the next seven-character flat sentence and a five-character obsessive sentence; then another Qusheng "gradual" word was used to withstand the two single sentences above, leading up the three fours below. An even sentence, and in the three four-character sentences, the last sentence is used to close the two pairs of sentences above. It is particularly clear how the syntax and composition of this word can achieve the beauty of harmony and harmony. Followed by the sentence patterns of six, five, five, and four, intricately odd and even, tactfully and smoothly, without some stagnation. A six-character puppet is used in the film as a passing pulse. Then he used a Qusheng "wang" word to withstand the previous sentence, leading up the following two four-character even sentences, forming a jagged and neat harmony. Use another qusheng "sigh" to tighten the above text, and then pick up the next four-character puppet sentence and a five-character single sentence, fold the above one step, and turn it deeper and deeper. Then I changed into a special sentence pattern of up, three, down and four, followed by a special sentence pattern of up, three and down, and made a posture of looking back but looking back. It also uses the inverse upper three and lower four special sentence patterns, and in the next four changes two two into one three, followed by a four-character flat sentence, which will bring the overall picture. Its overall structure is very harmonious.
As for the slow tunes that are suitable for extravagance, magnanimity, or grace, the four-character even sentences are often used as a symmetrical pattern, and the replacement of the leftover characters is used as the main means of harmonizing syllables. This should be the best example of "Qingyuanchun":
is going down in turmoil, the jumping beads are splashing backwards;
the bridge is crossed, and the bow is missing at the beginning of the month.
Laohe is idle, the heavenly religion is troublesome, and the principal is 100,000 loose.
My cottage is small, outside the shadow of dragons and snakes, in the sound of wind and rain.
Strive to meet each other first, and watch the three peaks of the cool energy.
looks like a son of the Xie family, dressed up and down;
looks like a family, and rides gracefully.
In the meantime, I feel Xiong Shen Yajian, like Tai Shi Gong to the article.
Xindi Road, ask what day Yanhu is misty with smoke and water?
——Xin Qiji's "Jiaxuan Long and Short Sentences·Lingshan Qi An Fu, Shi Zhuyan Lake Is Not Completed"
Where do we meet? Deng Bao Chai Building,Visit Tongjak Terrace.
Call the chefs to pick you up, Dongming whales;
To pick up the people, Xiji dragon media.
The heroes of the world, the king and the fuck, who else is worthy of a wine glass?
Che Qianliang, Zaiyannan Zhaobei, swordsman and wizard.
Drinking and drawing drums like thunder, who believes that Chenji will be lightly called back?
sighs that the years have passed away, and the fame has not been established;
When the scholars grow old, the opportunity will come.
Make General Li, meet the emperor Gao, how can the ten thousand households be enough?
I put on my clothes, but I feel desolate and old, generous and sad.
——Liu Kezhuang's "Hou Cun Special Tune·Meng Fu Ruo"
"Qin Yuan Chun" has a full-scale long-tuned pattern, with a graceful atmosphere. Together with the first stack of three four-character even sentences, showing a relaxed and unhurried posture. Immediately after a sing sound (preferably to use the sound) to lead the word, lead the following four four-character odd sentences, and achieve harmony in the rigorous rectification. Two four-character pairs followed, followed by a seven-character single sentence, to expand the pattern. Follow a short three-character sentence, and then lead the two four-character pairs with a zhe (preferably Qusheng) word, which shows the beauty of uneven and circumflex in the neat pattern. Over the film, three four-character puppets are transformed into a six-character plain sentence and a special sentence with one leading seven, which makes it present a vigorous style in the place where the breath is exchanged. The following is the same as before. Such harmonious development of tunes is most suitable for expressing magnificent minds and expressing magnificent instruments. Therefore, it has always been loved and adopted by heroes and lofty heroes.
and "Qingyuanchun" have a similar pattern of restoring, and "The Merry Zi":
Under Muyeting, the Double Ninth Festival is near, and it is the autumn of clothes.
Nai sorrow enters Yu’s intestines, old invades Pan’s temples, stubborn yellow chrysanthemums, flowers should be ashamed.
In the evening of Chu Tian, Bai Ping smoke is gone, red Polygonum is at the edge of the water.
The grass is sentimental, the sunset is speechless, the wild goose crosses Nanpu, and the people lean against the West Tower.
Is Yurong aware of safety? Fragrant notes have a total of brocade characters, two places are leisurely.
Empty hate blue cloud clutch, blue bird ups and downs.
Annoyed in front of the wind, a little bit of heart, two leaves of eyebrows, forbidden to worry too much?
Feeling unspeakable, share it with you.
——Zhang Lei's "Ke Shan Shi Yu"
The composition of this tune is also in line with the harmonious law of "odd and even coexistence", and sees the restoring situation of suppression and low wandering, but the use of duality is not as good as that of "Qingyuanchun" The slackness and excitement can only become a lingering and sad tone.
In addition to the long tunes such as "Reminiscence of the Old Tour" and "High Balcony", the sound of Yi Rao and Wan is sad, I will leave it to the next, and I will not give examples here
[Copyright Statement] This article Organized and released by "Poetry World", author Long Yusheng, excerpted from "Ten Lectures on Ci Studies", picture source network, please indicate the source
