Topic 11 Industry and Service Industry
1. Single-choice question
(2022·Shandong·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) In recent years, some clothing companies in a province on the eastern coast of my country have kept their headquarters and some production departments in the country to alleviate cost pressures, and transferred European and American clothing orders to Southeast Asia for processing. In this process, this type of clothing companies bring their own technology and raw materials such as silk and embroidery, and at the same time join hands with related companies that are closely connected with them in terms of process to "go global." Based on this, complete questions 1-3 below.
1． This kind of clothing enterprises "bring their own raw materials" mainly for ( )
A. Shorten processing time B. Ensure product quality C. Reduce production costs D. Strengthen cultural exchanges
2. In the process of "going out", the main purpose of this type of clothing enterprises to join hands with related enterprises is ( )
A. Promote own technology update B. Increase local employment opportunities
C. Sharing local infrastructure D. Improve clothing production efficiency
3. The service department that this type of clothing enterprises need to support in Southeast Asia is ( )
A. Design consultation b. Exhibition sales c. Financial insurance D. Professional Logistics
[Answer] 1. B 2. D 3. D
[Analysis] 1. Bringing your own raw materials will not affect the production and processing links and will not shorten the processing time. Error A. Bringing your own raw materials can ensure the quality of the raw materials and help ensure the quality of the product. Correct B. Bringing your own raw materials will increase the company's transportation costs and increase the company's production costs. Error C. Bringing your own raw materials such as silk and embroidery can promote cultural exchanges, but it is not the main purpose of the company. Error D. So choose B.
. According to the material information "At the same time, join hands with related companies that are closely related to the process to "go out"", it can be seen that in the process of "going out", the main related companies to join hands with are companies closely related to their production processes, which can promote industrial connections and improve the production efficiency of clothing. D is correct; it has a small impact on the update of its own technology, A is wrong; it can promote local employment and share infrastructure, but it is not the main reason for joining hands with related companies to "go out", BC is wrong. So choose D.
. According to the material information, the raw materials of this clothing company are mainly silk and embroidery. It can be seen that the selling price of its products is relatively high. The economic development level of Southeast Asia is low and it is not its main consumer market. After its products are produced, they need to be transported to major consumer markets such as Europe and the United States, so they need to be equipped with professional logistics departments. D is correct. Information exchange in modern society is more convenient and there is no need to support local design consulting departments. A is wrong. The local area is not a major consumer market, so there is no need to support exhibition sales departments. B is wrong. Clothing companies have small demand for financial insurance. C is wrong. So choose D.
(2022·Hunan·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Overseas subsidiaries of Chinese manufacturing companies are widely distributed around the world, and small and medium-sized enterprises are the main body of overseas investment. Based on this, complete questions 4-5 below.
4． As of the end of 2018, nearly half of the overseas subsidiaries of Chinese manufacturing companies were located in EU countries.These enterprises mainly consider local areas when investing in EU countries ( )
① Abundant raw materials ② Market openness ③ Economic development ④ Adequate labor force
A. ①② B． ②③ C． ①④ D． ③④
5． Compared with large enterprises, the advantages of small and medium-sized enterprises in China's manufacturing industry investing overseas are ( )
① Most of them are private enterprises , with strong risk resistance
② Strong R&D funds and strong innovation capabilities
③ Better services for small markets to meet diversified needs
④ Fewer management personnel and lower management costs
A. ①② B. ①③ C． ②④ D. ③④
【Answer】4． B 5. D
【Analysis】4． The EU is an economically developed region with large industrial scale, large demand for raw materials, slow population growth, and long-term negative growth in many countries. Therefore, generally, the number of local raw materials and labor force does not have outstanding advantages and will not be the main consideration for overseas subsidiaries of Chinese manufacturing companies to invest in EU countries. ① , ④ does not meet the meaning of the question; the EU has a developed market economy and a relatively high degree of market openness, which is conducive to the investment and production of Chinese manufacturing companies. ② is consistent with the meaning of the question; the EU has a developed economy and large market demand, and Chinese manufacturing companies can expand the market by investing in it. ③ It is consistent with the meaning of the question. To sum up, B meets the meaning of the question and excludes ACD. So choose B.
5. Compared with large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises in China's manufacturing industry organize production more flexibly, better serve small markets, and can meet diversified and personalized needs. They have obvious advantages. ③ In line with the meaning of the question; small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale and have fewer management personnel. Their management costs should be much lower than that of large enterprises, which has obvious advantages. Advantages, ④ is in line with the meaning of the question; small and medium-sized enterprises have weak financial and technical strength, so their ability to resist risks may not be strong, ① is not in line with the meaning of the question; small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale, have weak financing capabilities, and have low technology investment, so they generally do not have the characteristics of strong R&D funds and strong innovation capabilities, ② are not in line with the meaning of the question. To sum up, D conforms to the meaning of the question and excludes ABC. So choose D.
(2022·National A Paper·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Zhejiang S Group is a company that develops and produces air conditioning control components and parts. The parts it produces account for more than 60% of the global smart air conditioning accessories market. As of 2017, in addition to domestic factories, S Group has also built factories in the United States, Mexico, Poland and other countries. The products produced by its domestic factories not only supply the domestic market, but also meet export needs. In 2018, when the and production capacity of domestic factories was saturated and orders continued to grow, S Group settled in an industrial park in Vietnam. While buying land and building its own factory, it also rented factories to carry out production. Based on this, complete questions 6-8 below.
6． The main location factors that affect S Group's establishment of factories in the United States, Mexico, Poland and other countries are ( )
A. Technology b. Market
C. Raw materials D. Labor
7. Compared with building a factory in China, S Group chose to build a factory in Vietnam, which can ( )
A. Reduce production costs b. Increase product output
C. Improve product quality D. Convenient raw material supply
8. It is speculated that the main purpose of S Group, which settled in Vietnam, to build its own factory and rent the factory at the same time is ( )
A. Reduce investment b. Improve corporate image
C． Support the construction of the park D. Meet customer needs
[Answer] 6. B 7. A 8. D
【Analysis】6. According to the material, "As of 2017, in addition to domestic factories, S Group has also built factories in the United States, Mexico, Poland and other countries. The products produced by its domestic factories not only supply the domestic market, but also meet export demand." It shows that the market demand for its products is large, and the main location factor for building factories in the United States, Mexico, Poland and other countries is the market. B is correct. Compared with my country, Mexico has no obvious technological advantage, but my country has more advantages in raw materials and labor force, so ACD is wrong, so choose B.
7. The material "In 2018, when the domestic factory capacity was saturated and orders continued to grow, Group S settled in an industrial park in Vietnam." It shows that the main purpose of building a factory in Vietnam is to complete production. This is the purpose. Compared with building a factory in China, building a factory in Vietnam cannot increase product output. B is wrong.Compared with my country, Vietnam's economy is relatively backward, and land prices and labor prices are low. Therefore, compared with building factories in my country, production costs are lower. A is correct. CD error. Therefore choose A.
8. Material "In 2018, when the domestic factory capacity was saturated and orders were growing, S Group settled in an industrial park in Vietnam. While buying land and building its own factory, it rented the factory to carry out production." It shows that the main purpose of building a factory in Vietnam is to complete production. This is the purpose. Therefore, the S Group that settled in Vietnam rented a factory while building its own factory mainly to produce more products as quickly as possible, complete production, and meet customer needs. D is correct. If you rent a factory while building it, the investment cost will increase, which has little to do with improving the corporate image and supporting the construction of the park. ABC is wrong. So choose D.
(2022·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) processes farm waste and farmland straw to generate methane , and generates electricity through internal combustion generator sets. It is an important way to utilize biomass natural gas, which can not only generate electricity but also provide high-quality fertilizer for farmland. The picture below is a schematic diagram of the project implementation. Complete questions 9-10 below.
9． The dominant factor affecting the layout of the project is ( )
A. Raw materials b. Transportation c. Market D. Labor
10. When the treated biogas residue and biogas slurry are applied to farmland, it will ( )
A. Reduce soil organic carbon content B. Reduce soil aeration
C. Change soil nutrient cycling conditions D. Reduce soil microbial activity
【Answer】9. A 10. C
【Analysis】9． According to the material information, the project mainly relies on farm waste and farmland straw as raw materials to produce electricity and fertilizer. The transportation cost of raw materials is higher, so its layout should be close to the raw material production area. Option A is correct; transportation, market, and labor have little impact on its layout. Option BCD is wrong, so choose A.
0. According to the information in the materials and illustrations, it can be seen that the processed biogas residue and biogas slurry are high-quality fertilizers for farmland, which can increase the soil organic matter content, improve soil microbial activity, improve soil permeability, and change the soil nutrient cycle. Option C is correct; option ABD is incorrect. So choose C.
(2022·Shandong·College Entrance Exam Questions) Jiayuguan is located in the middle of the Hexi Corridor. Iron ore was discovered in the area in 1955. In 1958, a steel plant was established based on the key projects of the National "First Five-Year Plan". In 1965, Jiayuguan City was established. With the development of the steel industry, Jiayuguan City has gradually formed an industrial system based on metallurgy. In 2019, the city's three industrial structures were 1.7:62.8:35.5. Complete the following questions accordingly.
11． The main influencing factors for the low proportion of the city's primary industry are ( )
A. Transportation b. natural resources c. Market demand D. Labor
12. In the process of promoting the optimization of industrial structure, the city should focus on the development of ( )
A. Paper industry b. Textile industry c. Food processing industry D. Equipment Manufacturing Industry
[Answer] 11. B 12. D
【Analysis】11． According to the meaning of the question and the knowledge learned, Jiayuguan City is rich in iron ore and mainly develops the steel industry, forming an industrial system dominated by metallurgy, resulting in a low proportion of the primary industry. Therefore, it is mainly due to the influence of natural resources, so B is correct; the development of the transportation industry will drive the development of industries in the region, including agriculture, industry and Tertiary industry , etc., so A is wrong; the development of Jiayuguan City has led to economic development, population increase, and greater demand for agricultural products, so the market demand for the primary industry is also great, so C is wrong; the labor force in the region may be heavily involved in industry, which has an impact on the primary industry, but it is not the main impact, so D is wrong. Answer choice B.
2. It can be seen from the reading materials that Jiayuguan City has formed an industrial system based on metallurgy. To promote the development of industrial structure optimization, the development of related industries should be promoted. Therefore, the equipment manufacturing industry is suitable to become a key development industry, so D is correct; the papermaking industry requires a large amount of papermaking raw materials, and Jiayuguan City needs a large amount of papermaking raw materials. The city is short of materials, so A is wrong; the textile industry also requires a large amount of textile raw materials and labor, but Jiayuguan's location advantages in these two aspects are not obvious, so B is wrong; the food processing industry needs to be close to the primary industry, and the data shows that the proportion of the primary industry in Jiayuguan City is low, so it is not suitable for key development, so C is wrong. Answer choice D.
2. Comprehensive questions
13. (2022·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) reading materials and complete the following questions. The picture below of
material is a sketch of Kazakhstan.
Material 2 In recent years, driven by the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, Kazakhstan has attracted a large amount of foreign investment to promote industrialization and urbanization. The country's main industrial sectors include mining, petrochemicals, metallurgy and energy, among which mining is the pillar industry. The country mainly exports mineral products, and its market is mainly concentrated in neighboring countries.
(1) The country's petroleum resources are mainly distributed in ________. Water resources are the main factor restricting oil exploration and utilization in the area. Briefly describe the natural reasons for the lack of water resources in the area ________.
(2) From the perspective of transportation costs, briefly analyze the main reasons why the country’s export market is concentrated in neighboring countries.
(3) Some people believe that the country’s industrialization has a limited role in promoting urbanization. The reasons are analyzed from the perspective of industrial structure.
[Answer] (1) The northeastern coast of the Caspian Sea has low precipitation and high evaporation; lack of surface runoff; and high groundwater salinity.
(2) Mineral products are large in size and weight and have low added value; in landlocked countries, there is no sea transportation; the distance is short and the cost of land transportation is low.
(3) Heavy industry is the main industry; it is capital-intensive and requires less labor; mining industry accounts for a large proportion and the mining areas are scattered, which is not conducive to the development of large and medium-sized cities.
[Analysis] (1) As shown in the figure, the country's oil resources are mainly distributed on the northeast coast of the Caspian Sea. Kazakhstan has a temperate continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers. Because it is far away from the ocean, warm airflow is difficult to reach, so it is dry and rainless, with less precipitation. Surface runoff is relatively lacking, evaporation is large, and the salt content of groundwater is high.
(2) The country mainly exports mineral products, and the market is mainly concentrated in neighboring countries. As for the minerals themselves, they are large in size and weight, and are difficult to transport. Kazakhstan is also a landlocked country. There is no sea transportation, and the choice of transportation methods is limited. The cost of land transportation is lower and the distance is shorter, so there are greater advantages in using land transportation.
(3) According to the illustration, we can see that Kazakhstan is rich in mineral resources, mainly heavy industry, and mining is a pillar industry. There are many capital-intensive enterprises and little labor demand. It is rich in mineral resources and has a lot of mining industries. From the figure, it can be judged that the mining areas are relatively scattered, which is not conducive to the development of large and medium-sized cities.
14. (2022 National Paper A· College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
Switzerland has poor mineral resources and a developed economy. The annual precipitation is more than 1,000 mm, and there are many rivers and lakes. Industry, finance, and tourism are the three pillars of the economy. The industry is mainly low-raw material consumption machinery manufacturing, fine chemicals, medicine, watches, etc., with advanced technology. It has a complete financial legal and regulatory system and provides extensive, professional and highly international financial services. In the composition of energy consumption, hydropower accounts for more than 30%. The picture below shows the terrain of Switzerland.
(1) explains the non-agricultural industries developed by Switzerland using its superior natural resources.
(2) analyzes the reasons why Switzerland mainly develops industrial sectors with low raw material consumption.
(3) pointed out Switzerland’s own advantages in developing the financial industry.
(4) Briefly describe the enlightenment brought by the characteristics of Swiss economic development to regional economic development.
[Answer] (1) With abundant precipitation, numerous rivers and lakes, and undulating terrain, the power industry can be developed; with many rivers and lakes, beautiful scenery, and a developed economy, the tourism industry can be developed.
(2) There are many mountains and poor mineral resources and energy. Objectively, there is a tendency to develop industrial sectors that occupy less land and consume less raw materials and fuel.
(3) is located in central Europe, with a superior geographical location and a developed economy; as an neutral country , the political situation is stable.
(4) Make use of its own advantages to vigorously develop characteristic industries; establish a sound legal and regulatory system to provide a stable environment for industrial development.
[Analysis] (1) It can be seen from the materials that the annual precipitation in Switzerland is more than 1000 mm, and the precipitation is abundant. As can be seen from the picture, Switzerland has undulating terrain, large river drops, rich water energy resources, and can develop the power industry. It has a developed economy, complete infrastructure, rich tourism resources, and has the reputation of a world park.
(2) Switzerland has poor mineral resources, steep terrain, and high cost and difficulty in transporting bulk goods. Industries with low raw material consumption occupy a small area and are convenient for transportation while reducing the loss of resources.
(3) Switzerland is located in central and southern Europe, with a developed economy, relatively complete funds and laws. Neutral countries will not easily encounter wars, and the political situation is relatively stable. Customers prefer to enjoy financial services in Switzerland.
(4) If a region wants to develop, it needs to adapt to local conditions and cannot forcefully violate the location conditions created by the natural environment. Therefore, characteristic industries can be developed according to local conditions. At the same time, the legal environment and stable social environment are also important points for many investors.
15. (2022·National Paper B·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
In order to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources, the Israeli government began to implement a seawater desalination plan in 2001 and encouraged companies to implement a "cogeneration of electricity and water" model. That is, when companies build seawater desalination plants, they build power plants that use the abundant natural gas in the Mediterranean Sea as energy and integrate them into the national grid (supported by imported coal power generation, which is relatively expensive). At present, five such desalination plants have been built in the Mediterranean coastal areas. The fresh water produced every year is equivalent to 1/3 of the country's fresh water consumption, and they have been integrated into the national water supply network for priority utilization. The Israeli government will launch the desalinated water injection project into Lake Tiberias in 2022 to create a freshwater "reservoir" to alleviate the rapid decline in the water level of Lake Tiberias, the largest water source. The figure below illustrates the distribution of desalination plants and water supply networks along the Mediterranean coast of Israel.
(1) explains the location characteristics of Israel’s desalination plants.
(2) Briefly describe the benefits of installing natural gas power plants with Israeli seawater desalination plants.
(3) points out Israel’s intention to integrate desalinated water into the national water supply network.
(4) analyzes the positive impact of Israel’s creation of freshwater “reservoir” on the development of seawater desalination industry.
[Answer] (1) The west of Israel is close to the sea, and the spatial distribution of seawater desalination plants is uneven. It is mainly concentrated in the west of Israel, which is rich in seawater raw material resources. The western region has relatively large precipitation, a relatively suitable climate, and a large population density. It is close to important cities and ordinary cities, with large water demand and a broad market. Being close to the city can provide infrastructure (pipelines), technology, talents, funds and other support; it is close to the water supply (main) pipeline, which facilitates the formation of a unified water supply network.
(2) Ensure the energy supply of the desalination plant (required for steam and high-temperature water), thereby ensuring the continuity of the desalination plant's production and the stability of the supply of fresh water; reducing the production cost of imported coal in the desalination plant; avoiding dependence on foreign coal, increasing self-sufficiency, and maintaining national security; jointly utilizing infrastructure to save investment in production and construction; improving energy utilization and reducing waste emissions from natural gas power plants.
(3) Alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources in Israel; meet the water demand in the inland areas of central and eastern Israel; adjust the amount of desalinated water, improve water resource utilization and avoid "wasting water"; and improve the economic benefits of seawater desalination plants.
(4) Expand the scale of the desalination industry by increasing the demand for fresh water; extend the industrial chain and value chain to expand the profits of the desalination industry; improve the ecological environment and increase the ecological value of the desalination industry; facilitate the desalination industry to obtain more policy support and achieve sustainable development; provide the desalination industry with reliable fresh water to meet production and living needs.
[Analysis] (1) Israel is located on the Mediterranean coast. According to map analysis, desalination plants are distributed along the coastline in the west. The spatial distribution is uneven, but seawater resources are abundant. There is more precipitation in the western part of Israel and less precipitation towards the east, but the population density here is high. Production and living require a large amount of water, and it is difficult to meet the demand solely by relying on precipitation. The market for seawater desalination is vast. As a relatively developed country, Israel has complete urban infrastructure, capital and technology. The main water supply pipeline is nearby, which is conducive to forming a unified water supply network.
(2) Seawater desalination plants consume a lot of energy and are equipped with natural gas power plants to ensure energy supply. Freshwater production will be more stable. It reduces the use of imported energy, reduces costs and indirectly avoids dependence on foreign energy, improves the country's self-sufficiency rate, and maintains national energy security. The two factories share infrastructure, which can save production costs and construction investment. At the same time, natural gas power generation produces less pollution.
(3) The climate here is generally arid, but the water consumption for production and living is relatively large. Therefore, easing the contradiction between water supply and demand is the most direct factor. In addition, being included in the national water supply pipeline not only ensures national water security, but also ensures unified dispatch to avoid waste. Considered from another perspective, desalination plants can also sell their own fresh water. Improved economic efficiency.
(4) If a large amount of fresh water is not stored, there may be waste. Storing fresh water also shows that Israel has a guaranteed market for the fresh water produced by seawater desalination. This can ensure that relevant companies expand production and obtain more profits to extend the industrial chain. And improve the technical level of related industries. In addition, the existence of reservoirs makes seawater desalination also have high ecological value. While ensuring national water security, the country is more supportive of the industry from a policy perspective.
16． (2022·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) reading materials and complete the following questions.
Material 1: In response to global warming , some countries and regions will impose carbon tariffs on imported industrial products (corresponding tariffs will be levied on carbon emissions during the production process). In 2019, South Korea's non-fossil energy production accounted for 31.1%, and the focus of energy development was wind energy, solar energy, etc. The picture below is a rough map of parts of the Korean Peninsula.
Material 2: South Korea is an export-oriented country, and industry plays an important role in the national economy. The main industrial sectors are electronics, automobiles, steel, petrochemicals, shipbuilding, etc. Ulsan 's main industrial sectors are petrochemicals, metallurgy, shipbuilding, etc., Daegu 's main industrial sectors are chemical fiber textiles, automobiles, etc.
(1) Briefly describe the natural reasons why South Korea has not built large hydropower stations.
(2) The Korean business community predicts that the imposition of carbon tariffs will have a greater impact on the export of industrial products and analyzes the reasons.
(3) analyzes the industrial layout advantages of Ulsan and Daegu from the perspective of the industrial chain.
[Answer] (1) The river is short; the drainage area is small; land resources are scarce (large submerged area).
(2) It is mainly based on fossil energy; high energy-consuming industries account for a large proportion and have large carbon emissions; the domestic market is small and the export volume of industrial products is large.
(3) Ulsan relies on the port to import raw materials, and uses raw materials to develop petrochemical, metallurgical and other industries, and develops the shipbuilding industry; Daegu is adjacent to Ulsan, and uses raw materials to develop chemical fiber textile, automobile and other industries; the two cities rely on the port to export industrial products.
[Analysis] (1) Read graphic materials. South Korea is located on the Korean Peninsula and has a small land area. Although precipitation is relatively abundant, the river flow is short, the terrain is not undulating, the drop is small, the drainage area is small, and the river flow is small, so water energy resources are not abundant; there are few land resources, and large hydropower stations need to submerge a large amount of land resources, so South Korea has not built large hydropower stations.
(2) According to data, South Korea has a small land area and a shortage of resources. It mainly relies on imports. There are many petrochemical companies and high-energy-consuming companies in the region, and production emits a large amount of carbon. Moreover, its domestic population is small and the market is small, which makes it difficult to support the development of enterprises. It mainly relies on exports and the quantities are huge. The imposition of carbon tariffs has greatly increased the costs of Korean companies, so it has a greater impact on Korean companies.
(3) Observe the information in the picture. Ulsan is a port city with convenient transportation and convenient import of raw materials. It can vigorously develop petrochemical and metallurgical related enterprises, and at the same time vigorously develop the shipbuilding industry. Although Daegu is not a port city, but it is close to Ulsan, it can cooperate with Ulsan and use raw materials to develop chemical fiber textiles, automobiles and other industries through land transportation. Due to the small domestic market, exports still have to rely on Ulsan.
1. Multiple-choice questions
(2021·Fujian·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The Cologne Free Trade Zone and the New Pacific Free Trade Zone (picture below) are of great significance to my country’s implementation of the “Belt and Road” initiative. In order to change its economic backwardness, Panama established the Colon Free Trade Zone in 1948 to develop entrepot trade (importing goods from various countries and then wholesale them to Latin America). In the 1970s, new free trade zones were established one after another in Latin America. Since the 1980s, the Cologne Free Trade Zone has developed finance, insurance, communications and other industries based on canal shipping. In 2007, the New Pacific Free Trade Zone was established with high-end manufacturing as the core. Complete the following questions accordingly.
1. In the late 1970s, the main reason why the Cologne Free Trade Zone was in trouble was ( )
- the rising cost of labor B. The geographical advantage is weakened
C． The proportion of manufacturing industry increases D. market share is gradually declining
2. Panama can directly establish a new Pacific Free Trade Zone ( )
A. Narrow the economic gap between the East and the West B. Increase domestic employment opportunities
C． Alleviating the pressure on the ecological environment D. Improving the transshipment capacity of the canal
3. Compared with the New Pacific Free Trade Zone, the main influencing factors for China’s first choice of the Cologne Free Trade Zone as a China-Latin America trade and investment platform are ( )
A. Industrial structure b. Economic hinterland C. Infrastructure D. Geographical location
[Answer] 1. D 2. B 3. A
[Analysis] 1. From the material "In 1948, Panama established the Colon Free Trade Zone to develop re-export trade. In the 1970s, Latin America successively established new free trade zones." It can be seen that in the 1970s, Latin America successively established new free trade zones and formed a competitive relationship with the Colon Free Trade Zone. It is speculated that the main reason why the Cologne Free Trade Zone was in trouble in the late 1970s was the gradual decline in market share. D is correct. It can be seen from the materials that the Cologne Free Trade Zone mainly developed re-export trade in the early stage. Re-export trade has a large demand for the market and funds, but has a small impact on labor costs. Error A. The geographical advantage of the Cologne Free Trade Zone has always been superior. The geographical location is not the reason for Cologne's difficulties. C is wrong. In the early stage of the Cologne Free Trade Zone, the main development is re-export trade, which will not lead to an increase in the proportion of manufacturing. Error C. So choose D.
. It can be seen from the materials that Panama has established a new Pacific Free Trade Zone, and its industrial structure has high-end manufacturing as its core. Reading the picture, we can see that the New Pacific Free Trade Zone is located in the center of Panama and will not solely drive the development of the eastern or western regions of Panama. Therefore, the statement of narrowing the economic gap between the east and the west is incorrect, A is wrong. The New Pacific Free Trade Zone will focus on high-end manufacturing and will provide a large number of jobs. B is correct. The New Pacific Free Trade Zone, with high-end manufacturing as its core, will increase the pressure on the ecological environment. Wrong C. The canal's transshipment capacity is determined by its own river hydrology and water system characteristics and canal management. The construction of the surrounding free trade zone will not directly improve the canal's transshipment capacity. D is wrong. So choose B.
. The New Pacific Free Trade Zone focuses on high-end manufacturing, while the Cologne Free Trade Zone develops finance, insurance, communications and other industries based on canal shipping. The industrial structures of the two are different.my country is actively adjusting and upgrading its industrial structure, and is actively developing tertiary industries such as finance, insurance, and communications, as well as high-tech industries. However, the attractiveness of high-end manufacturing is relatively weak. Therefore, the main influencing factor for China's first choice of the Cologne Free Trade Zone as a China-Latin America trade and investment platform is the industrial structure. A is correct. Reading the map, we can see that there is little difference in the economic hinterland, infrastructure, and geographical location between the New Pacific Free Trade Zone and the Cologne Free Trade Zone. Therefore, the Cologne Free Trade Zone is not the first choice. Excluding BCD, choose A.
(2021·Liaoning·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) In recent years, green agriculture represented by organic rice planting in a certain county in my country has developed rapidly and has won many honors. The county's forest coverage rate reaches 74.6%, and agricultural and forestry specialty products such as hazelnuts, chicken under the forest, and northern medicinal materials are favored by the market. At the beginning of 2021, in order to improve resource utilization and solve the problem of insufficient natural fermentation, the county invested 120 million yuan to build a bio-organic fertilizer plant, using modern fermentation technology to produce organic fertilizer using human and animal excrement and rice straw as raw materials. Based on this, complete questions 4-5 below.
4． The county is located in ( )
A. Shanxi Province B． Heilongjiang Province C． Hebei Province D． Hainan Province
5． The bio-organic fertilizer plant is conducive to promoting the construction of the county ( )
① Large Hazelnut Industry Standardization Demonstration County ② National Greening Model County ③ National Advanced Village Cleaning Action County ④ China’s Hometown of High-Quality Ecological Rice
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D． ③④
【Answer】4． B 5. D
【Analysis】4． It can be seen from the materials that the county produces organic rice and has high forest coverage and high water consumption. However, Shanxi and Hebei are short of water resources and are not suitable for rice production. The forest coverage is lower than Heilongjiang and Hainan. AC is wrong. The material mentions that natural fermentation in the county is insufficient. Heilongjiang has high latitude and low temperature, which is not conducive to natural fermentation of organisms. Hainan has low latitude and high temperature, which is conducive to natural fermentation. D is wrong and B is correct. So choose B.
5. The bio-organic fertilizer factory uses human and animal excrement and rice straw as raw materials to produce organic fertilizer and provide organic fertilizer for rice, which is conducive to the county's construction of China's high-quality ecological rice hometown, ④ Correct; full utilization of human and animal excrement and rice straw is conducive to the county's construction of a national advanced county in village cleaning actions, ③Correct; bio-organic fertilizer plants cannot increase vegetation coverage, and have little to do with the construction of national greening model counties, ②wrong; the construction of hazelnut industry standardization demonstration counties needs to ensure the product quality of hazelnuts, build related industrial systems, etc., and have little to do with bio-organic fertilizer plants, ①wrong. So choose D.
(2021·Liaoning·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The garment processing industry is an important export-oriented industry in South Africa and has created a large number of jobs. From 2000 to 2009, the number of international orders and employment in South Africa's garment processing industry showed a downward trend. For this reason, the government allocated funds to help companies improve the automation level of garment production. The number of employment stabilized from 2010 to 2014 and increased after 2015. Based on this, complete questions 6-8 below.
6. The main reason for the decrease in employment in the garment processing industry in South Africa from 2000 to 2009 is ( )
A. High labor costs and weak international competitiveness B. With the spread of automation, labor demand is reduced
C. Industrial structure adjustment and shrinkage of the garment industry D. Serious aging and insufficient labor supply
7. The constraints for the South African garment processing industry to improve the level of automated production include ( )
① corporate funds ② changes in clothing order volume and styles ③ raw material supply ④ existing enterprise equipment and worker skills
A. ①②③ B． ①②④ C． ①③④ D. ②③④
8. The reason for the change in employment in the garment processing industry in South Africa after 2010 is ( )
A. Diversification of product categories B. The government provides employment subsidies to enterprises
C． Internationalization of independent brands D. Automation reduces enterprise production costs
[Answer] 6. A 7. B 8. D
【Analysis】6. It can be seen from the materials that the international orders of the South African garment processing industry showed a decreasing trend from 2000 to 2009, indicating that the international competitiveness of its products is weak. It can be speculated that its high cost has led to its weak market competitiveness.The garment processing industry has created a large number of jobs, indicating that it requires a large number of laborers and the total cost of labor is high. In order to reduce costs, the number of employees has decreased. A is correct; the level of automation has been improved with the help of government funding since 2009. B is wrong. From the materials, it can be seen that from 2000 to 2009, until after 2015, South Africa has been developing the garment processing industry without mentioning the adjustment of its industrial structure. C is wrong; South Africa's population is growing rapidly, the labor force is sufficient, and the aging is not obvious, D is wrong. Therefore choose A.
7. Enterprises need funds to purchase equipment to improve the level of automated production. The purchased equipment must adapt to changes in clothing orders and styles, and workers must be trained to operate the equipment. ①②④ are correct; improving the level of automated production has little to do with raw material supply, ③ is incorrect. So choose B.
8. It can be seen from the materials that after 2010, the South African garment processing industry has improved the level of automation, reduced labor costs, and enhanced market competitiveness, which may lead to the expansion of enterprises and an increase in the number of employees. D is correct; product types and independent brands are not reflected in the materials, AC is wrong; government funds are allocated to help improve the level of automation, but it does not provide employment subsidies, B is wrong. So choose D.
(2021·Tianjin·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) As a railway hub, Zhuzhou is known as the "city dragged by trains". Now it has developed into the "China Power Valley" and formed a "3+5+2" modern industrial system. Complete questions 9-10 below.
9. Judging from the information in the figure, the most accurate summary of Zhuzhou's industrial development process is ( )
A. The location advantage of railway hub plays a decisive role B. Production among various industries has upstream and downstream relationships
C. Light industry has replaced heavy industry dominated by rail transportation D. From specialization in transportation equipment manufacturing to comprehensive development
10. Zhuzhou has gathered the power equipment manufacturing industry cluster, and its main purpose is ( )
A. Expand industrial scale and improve competitiveness B. Strengthen communication between enterprises and reduce energy consumption
C. Centralize waste disposal and protect the environment D. Reduce labor costs and improve economic benefits
【Answer】9. D 10. A
【Analysis】9. Reading the map, we can see that the location advantage of the railway hub has a greater impact on the early city formation, but less impact on the later city development. Item A is wrong; most of the production between various industries does not have an upstream and downstream relationship, item B is wrong; "China Power Valley" still has a rail transit industry, which has not been replaced by light industry, item C is wrong; the city mainly specializes in transportation equipment manufacturing in the early and middle stages, and later develops comprehensively, item D is correct. So choose D.
0. The gathering of power equipment manufacturing industry clusters in Zhuzhou is conducive to expanding industrial scale, improving competitiveness, and thus obtaining higher benefits. Item A is correct; the gathering of power equipment manufacturing industry groups in Zhuzhou has little to do with reducing energy consumption, centralized waste processing, and reducing labor costs. Items B, C, and D are incorrect. Therefore choose A.
(2021·National A Paper·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The production process of medical injection bottles and glass tubes used to process them has strict requirements on environmental conditions such as water and air. A German company, the world's largest high-end glass tube manufacturer, finally chose to build a production plant in a mountain town in Lishui, which has related industries and an excellent ecological environment, after comparing Lishui, Zhejiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, Wuxi, Jiangsu and other places. In 2017, a production plant that imported high-end glass tubes from Germany into medical injection bottles was put into operation; in 2020, a high-end glass tube production plant was put into operation. Complete questions 11-13 below.
11． The company chose to build a production plant in China mainly because China ( )
A. Sufficient raw materials b. The market is vast c. Advanced technology D. Low labor prices
12． The company finally chose to build its production plant in Lishui. The main human and geographical conditions it chose were ( )
A. Infrastructure b. Business atmosphere c. Scientific research strength D. Supporting industry
13. The ecological environment of the Lishui mountain town is also an important condition for attracting the company's investment.This shows that compared with big cities, the company can build production plants in small mountain towns. ( )
A. Improve product quality B. Reduce workshop environment purification costs
C. Increase product output D. Reduce waste disposal costs
[Answer] 11. B 12. D 13. B
【Analysis】11. According to the materials, the production process of medical injection bottles and the glass tubes used to process them has strict requirements on environmental conditions such as water and air. Raw materials are not the main factor. A is wrong. The company chose to build a factory in China mainly because of China's large population and large market demand. B is correct. A German company is the world's largest high-end glass tube manufacturer with a large scale and more advanced technology than China. C is wrong. China's labor prices are indeed lower than those in Germany, but this is not the main factor. D is wrong. So choose B.
2. According to the materials, "the final selection of a production plant in a mountain town in Lishui with related industries and excellent ecological environment" means that Lishui has a better ecological environment and more complete related supporting industries, D is correct; compared with Chengdu and Wuxi, Lishui is located in a mountain town with a backward economy, imperfect infrastructure, a weak business atmosphere, and weak scientific research strength, ABC is wrong. So choose D.
3． According to the materials, the production process of medical injection bottles and the glass tubes used to process them has strict requirements on environmental conditions such as water and air, which means that the quality of the workshop environment must be kept clean, and the purification cost is high; and the excellent ecological environment of the mountain town of Lishui reduces the purification costs of the workshop, saves investment, and increases profits. B is correct; product quality depends on the production technology itself, A is wrong; product output depends on the production scale, C is wrong; the cost of waste treatment depends on the improvement of technology, and the quality of the workshop environment does not affect the cost of waste treatment, D is wrong. So choose B.
(2021·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Accelerating the cultivation and development of strategic emerging industries is a strong support for the high-quality development of my country's economy and society. The figure below is a schematic diagram of key areas of strategic emerging industries. Complete questions 14-15 below.
14. Compared with traditional industries, the layout of strategic emerging industries ( )
A. More flexible and complex B. More highlighting the role of transportation
C. More dependent on natural resources D. More towards places where the market is vast
15. The positive impacts of cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries include ( )
① reducing government investment ② expanding the scale of imports
③ promoting scientific and technological innovation ④ promoting industrial upgrading
A. ①② B. ②③ C． ③④ D. ①④
【Answer】14． A15. C
【Analysis】14． Combining the materials, we can see that strategic emerging industries include a variety of industrial categories and are more flexible and complex in industrial layout. A is correct. Strategic emerging industries do not have urgent requirements for transportation timeliness, and the role of transportation is not prominent. B is wrong. Strategic emerging industries have high technological content and technical thresholds, and are less dependent on natural resources. Error C. Products in strategic emerging industries are not entirely targeted at mass consumers, so they do not need to be deployed in vast markets. Error D. To sum up, choose A.
5. Combining the knowledge learned, it can be seen that cultivating strategic emerging industries requires a large amount of government investment and policy support, and the cultivation of strategic emerging industries is conducive to promoting technological innovation and my country's industrial upgrading, improving the competitiveness of my country's products, and thus driving export growth. To sum up, ①② is wrong, that is, ABD is wrong; ③④ is correct, and C is correct. So choose C.
(2021·Liaoning·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The new economy led by Internet+ and others is reshaping the regional spatial pattern. In the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration e-commerce enterprise contact network (picture), Yiwu has become a regional central city alongside Shanghai. Based on this, complete questions 16-17 below.
16. It can be seen from the connection strength in the figure that ( )
A. Yiwu City has a wider economic radiation than Shanghai City.
B. The industries in the southern region of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration are highly complementary
C. The transaction activity of e-commerce enterprises in Huai'an City is higher than that of Cangnan County.
D. The area surrounded by "Shanghai-Suzhou-Hangzhou-Ningbo" is the core area
17. The main factors that help southeast Zhejiang become the area with the strongest connections among e-commerce companies are ( )
① Light industrial commodity distribution market ② Light industrial commodity production capacity ③ Online transaction methods ④ E-commerce headquarters location ⑤ Corporate service awareness
A. ①②③ B． ①④⑤ C. ②③④ D. ③④⑤
【Answer】16. B 17. B
【Analysis】16． It can be seen from the figure that the southern part of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration has strong regional connections, indicating strong complementarity and close connections between regional industries. B is correct; Shanghai has a high level and a wider economic radiation range, A is wrong; it can be seen from the figure that there are more cities with the strongest connection with Cangnan County, indicating that the transaction activity of e-commerce enterprises in Cangnan County is higher than Huai'an, C is wrong; it can be seen from the figure that the urban connection intensity near Ningbo and Suzhou is weak and is not a core area, D is wrong. So choose B.
7. Southeast Zhejiang, such as Zhejiang and Wenzhou, are small commodity distribution markets, and e-commerce companies are closely connected. ① Correct; e-commerce headquarters are in southeast Zhejiang, where e-commerce companies are concentrated, corporate service awareness is strong, and e-commerce companies have the strongest connections. ④⑤ are correct; online transaction methods have little to do with e-commerce company connections. So choose B.
(2021·Shandong·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Since the 1990s, the main source of income for farmers in F Village in the Yangtze River Delta region has experienced several changes (table below). In recent years, the village has attracted elderly people from Hangzhou, Shanghai and other places to live here for leisure every year, for as little as 1 month or as long as 5 months. During the peak season, the ratio of migrant elderly people to local villagers in the village exceeds 6:1, attracting more than 500 people from surrounding villages to find employment. F Village has become a well-known leisure and retirement village. Based on this, complete questions 18-19 below.
Time | The main source of income for farmers in F village |
Before 1990 | Timber, firewood, charcoal, etc. |
1991～1997 | Tea, dried bamboo shoots, pecans, etc. |
1998～2009 | Tourist farmhouse |
2010 to present | Leisure and elderly care tourism services |
- The leading factors in the transformation of F village industry into sightseeing and tourism-based farmhouses are ( )
A. Policy b. Transportation c. Market D. Ecological environment
19． The formation of leisure and retirement villages can ( )
A. Improve the level of urbanization B. Solving the problem of urban elderly care
C. Reduce the cost of living in rural areas D. Promote the prosperity of rural culture
[Answer] 18. C 19. D
【Analysis】18． According to the materials, the original source of income of the village shifted from agriculture to sightseeing and tourism and then to leisure and elderly care tourism services. The main reason is that with the improvement of economic development level and the increase in the elderly population, the demand for leisure and elderly care tourism services has increased. Therefore, market factors are the leading factor in the village's industrial transformation. C is correct; the material does not mention policy factors. element, so A is wrong; the village is located in the Yangtze River Delta region with convenient transportation, so the traffic conditions have little impact on its industrial transformation, so B is wrong; the place can develop leisure and retirement farmhouses, and its ecological environment is relatively good compared with surrounding large cities, but the ecological environment is not the dominant factor in industrial transformation, so D is wrong, so choose C for this question.
9. According to the data, the village provides leisure and elderly care tourism services. Although it can attract surrounding jobs, the area is still a village and has not been turned into a town, so A is wrong. According to the data, the village provides leisure and elderly care tourism services, providing short-term leisure and tourism places for urban elderly people. It cannot solve the problem of urban elderly care, so B is wrong. Big cities such as Shanghai and Hangzhou When the elderly enter the village, they need to provide better infrastructure and other related services to increase the cost of living in the village. At the same time, in order to attract leisure tourism for the elderly, the village should improve the infrastructure and improve related cultural service facilities. Foreign elderly people can also promote cultural exchanges, so it can promote the prosperity of rural culture, so C is wrong and D is correct. So choose D.
20． (2021·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) A shopping mall is a commercial complex integrating retail, catering, and entertainment. In addition to mid-to-high-end brand stores and specialty stores, its internal layout generally includes large supermarkets. The main function of completing the layout of large supermarkets in shopping malls is ( )
A. Improve service levels B. Increase consumer sources
C． Improve the consumption environment D. Expand the scope of services
[Answer] B
[Analysis] Combining the materials, it can be seen that shopping malls integrate catering, leisure, and entertainment, and most of them serve the entire customer base. Therefore, in addition to mid- to high-end products and specialty stores, large supermarkets also need to be deployed to increase customer base coverage and increase consumer sources. B is correct. Shopping malls improve service levels, improve the consumption environment, and expand service scope, but they do not fulfill the main role of arranging large supermarkets in shopping malls. ACD is wrong. So choose B.
(2021·Hebei·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) There is an AAAA-level scenic spot in a mountainous area in eastern my country. The number of tourists continued to increase from 2011 to 2017. The number of farmhouses around the scenic area increased year by year, and the distribution range continued to expand. The following figure shows the spatial distribution of farmhouses around the scenic area in 2011, 2014 and 2017. Based on this, complete questions 21-22 below.
21. The changes in the spatial distribution of farmhouses from 2011 to 2017 are shown as ( )
A. From point to line B. The degree of dispersion is strengthened
C． From linear to planar D. The degree of agglomeration is strengthened
22. The factors most closely related to the spatial distribution of farmhouses in 2017 are ( )
① Scenic spot location ② Village location ③ Transportation lines ④ Village size
A. ①③ B． ①④ C. ②③ D． ②④
【Answer】21. D 22. A
【Analysis】21． Reading the picture, we can see that in 2011, the spatial distribution of farmhouses was in the shape of small clusters, not points or planes. By 2017, the spatial distribution of farmhouses was in the shape of a planar shape. AC is wrong. In 2011, farmhouses were scattered in three small clusters. In 2017, the distribution range of farmhouses was wider. The farmhouses were concentrated in a planar shape and the area was expanding. The degree of agglomeration was increasing. D is correct and B is wrong. So choose D.
2. According to the meaning of the title, "The number of farmhouses around the scenic area is increasing year by year, and the distribution range continues to expand." It can be seen that the concentrated distribution areas of farmhouses are concentrated near the scenic spots. Affected by the scenic spots, they bring sufficient customer sources. Therefore, the factors most closely related to the spatial distribution of farmhouses in 2017 are with the scenic spots. It is related to the location, ① is correct; in 2017, farmhouses were widely distributed, but they were mainly distributed along both sides of the road. The factor most closely related to it is the transportation line, which has little to do with the location of the village. ② is wrong, ③ is correct; the graphic information cannot reflect the size of the village, ④ is wrong. Therefore choose A.
2. Comprehensive questions
23. (2021·Beijing·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read the pictures and answer the following questions.
Slovenia’s forest coverage rate is nearly 60%. Wood processing is the country’s traditional industry with many enterprises and a complete range of categories. In recent years, brand companies that produce pulp, boards, furniture and other products have interacted and cooperated to form a high value-added industrial chain. The country's wood processing vocational education is well developed, and universities in Ljubljana, Maribor and other places have wood science, wood product design and other majors.
(2) lists the advantages of developing wood processing industry in Slovenia.
[Answer] Rich forest resources; good industrial foundation; high technical level of labor force; strong industry innovation ability.
[Analysis] Combining the material "Slovenia's forest coverage rate is nearly 60%", it can be seen that the local forest resources are rich and there are sufficient raw materials for the development of the wood processing industry. From "wood processing is the country's traditional industry", it can be seen that the local industry has a good foundation and rich wood processing experience. Combined with "the country's wood processing vocational education is well developed", it can be seen that the local labor force has a high technical level and strong industry innovation capabilities.
24. (2021·Jiangsu·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) reading materials and answer the following questions.
Material - Before 2005, most of the OEMs and parts factories of a large automobile manufacturing company were concentrated in Shanghai. Since then, they have gradually spread to surrounding cities. There are four major OEMs and more than 90% of parts factories distributed in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, forming a complete supply chain system.
Material 2 In order to promote regional integration, Jiangsu Province organized and led the counterparts in southern and northern Jiangsu to jointly build high-quality and green industrial parks. Since its joint establishment, the park has introduced high-quality management and technical talents, promoted population employment, and promoted the rapid growth of local GDP. The third picture of
material is "a schematic diagram of the distribution of major parts factories of a large automobile manufacturing company in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration in 2018."
(1) Analyze the distribution pattern of the major parts factories of this large automobile manufacturing enterprise and the main reasons for their formation.
(2) briefly describes the inspiration of the supply chain system formed by the outward expansion of this large automobile manufacturing enterprise to the joint construction of the industrial park in southern and northern Jiangsu.
[Answer] (1) Distribution pattern: Mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and near vehicle factories; Reasons: It is conducive to strengthening production collaboration and technical exchanges; reducing logistics costs; and responding to the market quickly.
(2) Enlightenment: Clarify the leading industries of the park, and use this as the core to vigorously introduce leading enterprises in the leading industries; introduce low energy consumption, energy emissions, and high-growth industries; introduce related and supporting projects in a targeted manner to increase the degree of industrial agglomeration; pay attention to the comprehensive introduction of capital, technology, management, and talents.
[Analysis] (1) Reading the picture, we can see that this large automobile manufacturing enterprise has 81 main parts factories in Shanghai, 10 in Suzhou, 8 in Nanjing, and 1 in Zhenjiang. 7, including 10 in Ningbo, 5 in Changzhou, 4 in Hangzhou, 4 in Taizhou, 3 in Taizhou, 2 in Wuxi, Wuhu, and Anqing, and 1 each in Yangzhou, Nantong, Jiaxing, Tongling, and Yicheng. OEMs are mainly located in Shanghai, Ningbo, Nanjing and Yangzhou. From this, the distribution pattern of the main parts factories of large automobile manufacturing companies is mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, with many near the OEMs. The reason for this is that there is a production collaboration relationship between parts factories and vehicle manufacturers of large automobile manufacturing companies, and they are located close to each other, which is conducive to strengthening production collaboration and technical exchanges; reducing logistics costs; and responding to the market quickly.
(2) According to the material "Most of the vehicle plants and parts factories of a large automobile manufacturing enterprise are concentrated in Shanghai, and then gradually spread to surrounding cities", it can be seen that under the influence of the radiation of large cities, the industrial parks built to undertake the industrial proliferation of large cities should pay attention to clarify the leading industries of the park, use this as the core to vigorously introduce leading enterprises in the leading industries, and strengthen the collaborative relationship with the leading industry areas. It can be seen from the material "co-building high-quality, green industrial park" that attention should be paid to the introduction of low-energy consumption, low emission, and high-growth industries. From the material "The park introduces high-quality management and technical talents to promote population employment", it can be seen that related and supporting projects must be introduced in a targeted manner to increase industrial agglomeration, increase employment positions, and promote population employment. At the same time, attention should be paid to the comprehensive introduction of funds, technology, management, and talents to promote the development of the park in a high-quality direction.
25. (2021·Beijing·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read the pictures and answer the following questions.
Xiwai South Road, south of Beijing Zoo, has convenient transportation. Both sides were once large clothing wholesale markets. With the transformation of urban functions, in 2018, the core area of Beijing Jinke New District was born here. By transforming original buildings, Jinke New District attracts financial technology, financial security and other related companies to settle in, promote the integrated development of finance and technology, and promote regional linkage.
(2) briefly describes the favorable conditions for building the core area of Jinke New District here.
[Answer] Transportation hubs, shopping malls and other facilities are well-equipped; it is connected to the financial street and Zhongguancun Science City from the north to the south, and has obvious advantages in regional coordination and information exchange; it is close to universities and research institutions, which is conducive to the gathering of professional talents; there are scenic spots and parks in the surrounding area, and the environment is good.
[Analysis] The favorable conditions for building the core area of Jinke New District here should be analyzed from the perspectives of local infrastructure, surrounding environment, technical knowledge conditions, etc. According to the picture, it can be seen that there are transportation hubs, shopping malls, etc. here, so the facilities are relatively good; the picture shows that it is connected to the Financial Street and Zhongguancun Science City from the north to the south, so regional collaboration and information exchange can be achieved; there are universities and research institutions nearby, and there are abundant professional talents; there are scenic spots and parks around here, so the natural environment is also good.
26． (2021·National Paper B·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
Shanghai is a modern metropolis with a large population, developed economy and close external connections. As of January 2021, Shanghai ranks first among cities in the world with 6,913 cafes. Cafes have become an important place for people to relax, meet friends and conduct business exchanges. Among them, a certain brand chain coffee shop ranks first with 839, and most of them are located in busy commercial areas, high-end office buildings and high-end residential areas. In March 2020, the brand's parent company announced the construction of a coffee innovation industrial park in Kunshan, including coffee roasting and intelligent warehousing and logistics, which is scheduled to be completed in 2022. The picture below shows the distribution of this brand’s chain of cafes in Shanghai and their location in Kunshan City.
(1) Speculate on the types of industries and businesses in Shanghai that support the booming development of cafes.
(2) Describe the spatial distribution characteristics of this brand of cafes in Shanghai based on the picture.
(3) analyzes the target consumer groups of this brand’s cafe layout in busy commercial areas and high-end office building areas.
(4) explains the Shanghai factors that led the brand’s parent company to choose to build a coffee innovation industrial park in Kunshan.
[Answer] (1) Tertiary industry (service industry); high-tech (private, small and micro, etc.) enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises, etc.
(2) There are many and dense central urban areas; there are few peripheral areas and small local concentrations.
(3) Busy commercial areas have dense crowds (large floating population) and diverse consumer groups; people working in high-end office buildings have high incomes, and there are many joint ventures or foreign-funded enterprises, and there are many high-income consumer groups (including foreigners).
(4) It is close to Shanghai and has close transportation and economic connections; there are many consumers of this brand of coffee in Shanghai, and coffee products can be provided nearby; Shanghai is an important transportation hub connecting the world and China, which facilitates the import of coffee raw materials and the transportation of coffee products to other regions.
[Analysis] (1) Customers go to coffee shops to consume, which supports the vigorous development of coffee shops. Customers have high consumption levels and are mainly engaged in the tertiary industry (service industry). Therefore, the type of industry that supports its development is the tertiary industry (service industry). Customers have high consumption levels, and it is speculated that their high incomes mainly come from high-tech enterprises such as finance and information technology, as well as foreign-funded enterprises.
(2) As can be seen from the figure, overall, the spatial distribution of coffee shops of this brand in Shanghai is uneven. There are many and dense cafes in the central city, and the density is smaller in the suburbs; there are few in the peripheral areas, and they are relatively concentrated near airports and ports, with small concentrations in some places.
(3) It can be seen from the materials that the brand is located in a high-end office building area, which is an important place for leisure meetings and business exchanges. Therefore, the main target consumer group should be high-end office building staff with higher income and strong spending power. People working in high-end office buildings have high incomes, and most of them are joint ventures or foreign-funded enterprises, so there are many high-income consumers. In addition, the brand is located in a busy commercial area with a large flow of people and a dense population. The main target consumers are diverse consumer groups, such as shoppers, tourists, etc.
(4) As can be seen from the figure, Kunshan is close to Shanghai, with close transportation and economic connections, and is significantly influenced by Shanghai; Shanghai's coffee and roasted products have a large market demand, and the layout in Kunshan facilitates the rapid delivery of products to the market, and can provide coffee products nearby; Shanghai is an important transportation hub connecting the world and China, and it is easy to use Shanghai's infrastructure, such as airports, ports, etc., to facilitate the import of raw materials and coffee products from abroad to other regions. Therefore, Kunshan was chosen to build a coffee innovation industrial park.
1. Multiple-choice questions
(2020·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Examination) In recent years, the Yangtze River Delta region has attracted many clusters of IC design and manufacturing, communication equipment manufacturing, and information industries such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, and Internet finance, forming an emerging industrial cluster based on knowledge and technology. Complete questions 1-2 below.
1． The main favorable conditions for the agglomeration of the information industry in the Yangtze River Delta are ( )
① superior water source conditions ② good industrial foundation ③ good scientific and technological conditions ④ relatively high land prices
A. ①② B. ②③ C． ③④ D. ①④
2． The information industry is concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta region, and its main purpose is ()
A. Save labor costs B. Undertake industrial transfer
C． Centralized waste disposal D. Promote scientific and technological innovation
【Answer】1. B 2. D
[Analysis] 1. The information industry is a high-tech industry, and the dominant factor affecting its layout is science and technology. The Yangtze River Delta region has good scientific and technological conditions, with a concentration of scientific research institutions and scientific and technological talents, which attracts the information industry to gather in the Yangtze River Delta region. ③ Correct. Water source conditions are the main factor affecting the layout of agriculture, but not the main factor affecting the layout of the information industry. ① Wrong. The Yangtze River Delta region has a long history and is one of the regions with the best industrial foundation in China. It has a good industrial foundation and is conducive to industrial collaboration. ② Correct. The value created by the information industry is high and its affordability is strong. The relatively high land price has little impact on its layout. ④ is wrong. B is correct. So choose B.
. Labor costs have a greater impact on labor-oriented industries and have little impact on the layout of the information industry. A is wrong. In recent years, the Yangtze River Delta region has developed economically and technologically, and is the main transfer destination for labor-oriented and raw material-oriented industries. The transfer of technology-based industries from developed countries has been small. The information industry has gathered in the Yangtze River Delta region to give full play to the technological advantages of the Yangtze River Delta region, form emerging industry clusters, and promote innovation. Error B. The information industry produces less waste, C is wrong. The gathering of the information industry in the Yangtze River Delta region can strengthen information exchange and technical collaboration, promote innovation, and enhance market competitiveness. D is correct. So choose D.
(2020·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) In the industrial field, the industrial chain is a production chain formed by input-output links between industrial departments. In the past, some industrial parks in my country were indiscriminate in their investment decisions. In recent years, some industrial parks have adopted the industrial chain investment model. The basic approach is to select the leading industry, design the industrial chain around the leading industry, and select investment enterprises based on the industrial chain. Complete questions 3-4 below.
3． When using the industrial chain to attract investment, the first thing to pay attention to is the introduction of enterprises ( )
A. Product type b. Production technology
C. Business scale D. Brand benefits
4. The main impacts of using industrial chain investment are ( )
① Promote the division of labor and collaboration among enterprises in the park ② Promote the development of circular economy in the park
③ Promote the diversification of the industrial structure of the park ④ Improve the level of specialization in the park
A. ①③ B． ②③ C． ①④ D． ②④
【Answer】3． A 4. C
【Analysis】3． In the industrial field, the industrial chain is a production chain formed by the input-output link between industrial departments. The input-output link means that the products of one factory are the raw materials of another factory. Therefore, when using the industrial chain to attract investment, you must first pay attention to the product type. A is correct. Production technology, business scale, brand effect and the formation of a production chain with input-output links have little to do with each other. BCD is wrong. Therefore choose A.
. Use industrial chain investment, select the leading industry and then design the industrial chain around the leading industry. There is an input-output relationship between enterprises, which will promote the division of labor and collaboration among enterprises in the park. ① Correct; the circular economy is an economic development model characterized by resource conservation and recycling and in harmony with the environment. The main purpose of using industrial chain investment is not to promote the development of the circular economy in the park. ② Wrong; adopted The industrial chain investment promotion is designed around the leading industry. There is an input-output link between industries, and the correlation between enterprises is strong. The use of industrial chain investment promotion has little effect on promoting the diversification of the industrial structure. ③ Wrong. The use of industrial chain investment promotion is used to design the industrial chain around the leading industry. Enterprises produce around the leading industry. Therefore, the level of specialization of the park can be improved. ④ Correct. C is correct. So choose C.
5． (2020·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) The picture below is a schematic diagram of the development process of an automobile manufacturing company in the old industrial base of Northeast China. In order to help the company get out of the predicament and assist in the transformation and upgrading of the old industrial base, the following measures are correct: ( )
A. Expand the car rental market B. Introduce technical talents
C． Relocate the enterprise to the place of consumption D. Developing resource-based industries
[Answer] B
[Analysis] The material information mentions: The company's "self-owned brand suffered losses and the company was once in trouble" in 2015. This information shows that the car brand was not recognized by the market around 2015. Using its own brand to expand the car rental market will not help the company get out of trouble, and it will have little effect on the transformation and upgrading of the old industrial base. Error A. According to the schematic diagram of the company's development history, it can be seen that the company's independent brand is facing losses, indicating that its independent innovation capabilities are weak and its technological level is low. Therefore, in order to help the company get out of the predicament and introduce technical talents, the old industrial base can be transformed through technology to improve innovation capabilities, improve car quality, improve competitiveness, launch new products, stimulate corporate vitality, and facilitate the transformation and upgrading of the old industrial base. B is correct. The places where automobiles are consumed are generally economically developed areas with higher land prices and higher labor prices. At present, enterprises are in a recession and automobiles are not very competitive. Relocating to the place of consumption will lead to rising costs and further losses. Error C. At present, some resources in the Northeast are close to exhaustion, and are facing industrial upgrading and transformation, and are developing in the direction of diversifying the industrial structure. At present, the Northeast's old industrial bases should actively develop the tertiary industry and high-tech industries. The development of resource-based industries is an old path, which is not conducive to the transformation and upgrading of the old industrial bases. Error D. So choose B.
(2020·Jiangsu·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor Vision Plan (2017~2030)" deeply integrates China's "Belt and Road" initiative and Pakistan's "Vision 2025" The picture below shows the distribution of major investment projects by Chinese companies in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.
6. )
A. Mining and manufacturing B. Transportation and energy D. Education and medical care
7. The main factors affecting the geographical distribution of my country's enterprise investment projects are ( )
A. B. Location and resource endowment
C． Infrastructure and ecological environment D. Policies and cultural traditions
[Answer] 6. C 7. B
【Analysis】6． Reading the picture, we can see that my country’s investment projects in Pakistan mainly include thermal power stations, coal fields, wind power generation, highway facilities, port construction, rail transit, etc., mainly concentrated in the energy and transportation sectors, so C is right. So choose C.
7. It can be seen from the above question that my country’s investment projects in Pakistan are mainly concentrated in the energy and transportation sectors. Investment in energy projects mainly relies on local resource advantages, while investment in transportation and other projects requires the layout of corresponding investment projects based on different local location characteristics, so B is right. Pakistan's economy is backward, its market is small, its infrastructure is imperfect, its ecological environment is poor, and its cultural traditions are vastly different from China's. These are not factors that attract Chinese investment in Pakistan. Although labor resources are abundant, their quality is low and they cannot attract Chinese investment in Pakistan.Policy preferences are the main influencing factor, but not the most important factor, so ACD is wrong. So choose B.
(2020·Zhejiang·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Since May 2020, many cities have encouraged the development of the street stall economy. The street stall economy under standardized management makes life more "smoky". The picture below is a schematic diagram of the local spatial structure of a city. Complete questions 8-9 below.
8. The four places in the picture that are most suitable for developing the night market stall economy are ( )
A. A B. B C. C D. Ding
9. The main purpose of developing the street stall economy is ( )
A. Improve production efficiency b. Increase jobs
C． Optimize urban layout D. Improving urban transportation
[Answer] 8. C 9. B
【Analysis】8． Night market stalls are convenient and affordable but small in scale. The main consumers are ordinary urban residents and working-class people. From the layout of the city's functional areas and the location analysis of the four locations in the figure, we can see that A is located in the suburbs, B is on the edge of the scenic spot, C is in the residential area, and D is located along the railway. A, B, and D are far away from the residential areas, making it inconvenient for residents to consume. There are fewer customers, which leads to poor economic benefits, and ABD is wrong. Land C is located inside a residential area and is close to the market. It is the most suitable layout. C is correct. So choose C.
9. The development of the street stall economy is mainly a business activity model developed in response to the shutdown and production shutdown caused by this year's epidemic. After the epidemic, some laborers are unemployed and their incomes have dropped. The street stall economy will create employment opportunities for them and increase their incomes. B is correct. It has little impact on improving production efficiency and optimizing urban layout. Setting up street stalls to occupy traffic roads will also have a certain negative impact on urban traffic. ACD is wrong. So choose B.
2. Comprehensive questions
10. (2020·Beijing·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) In May 2020, the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone released the "High-Quality Development Action Plan (2020-2022)". Read the picture below and answer the following questions.
The new generation of information technology, high-end automobiles and new energy smart cars, biotechnology and general health, robots and equipment manufacturing industries have become the four leading industries in the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.
(1) explains the common advantageous conditions for the development of the four leading industries in the development zone. The
Intelligent Robot Innovation Park was originally the site of a printing press manufacturer. At present, the park integrates functions such as exhibition and trading, design and R&D, testing and testing, and industrial incubator, and has become the venue of the World Robot Conference.
(2) explains the positive role of the park on local social and economic development.
[Answer] (1) Policies support high-tech industries, talent gathering, strong industrial foundation, large market demand, close to the airport, highways and rail transit, etc., and convenient transportation.
(2) Improve the utilization rate of industrial land, increase jobs, promote industrial structure adjustment, and realize functions such as research and development, innovation and international exchanges.
[Analysis] (1) According to the geographical knowledge learned, the four leading industries in the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone are technology-oriented industries. Such industries are supported by government policies, and Beijing has a dense concentration of higher education institutions and scientific research institutions, a large number of talents, and a strong industrial foundation. Beijing has a high level of economic development and a large market demand for the products of the four pillar industries. According to the diagram, the Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone is close to Daxing International Airport and Capital International Airport, and is relatively close to the city center. Subway lines and the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway pass through the area, making transportation convenient.
(2) The park used to be the site of a printing press manufacturer. It was renovated and now integrates functions such as exhibition and trading, design and R&D, testing and inspection, and industrial incubator. It has greatly improved the utilization rate of industrial land, increased employment positions, and promoted the adjustment of industrial structure. As the venue for the World Robot Conference, the park integrates functions such as exhibition, trade, design and R&D, and realizes functions such as R&D, innovation and international exchanges.
11． (2020·National New Curriculum Standard II·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
Corn oil is a kind of cereal oil produced from corn germ. It is rich in nutrients and has a fragrant taste.The corn oil production process consists of crude oil extraction and crude oil refining. The crude oil extraction rate from the germ is 40%, and the conversion rate from crude oil to refined oil is 90%. A company in Zouping, Shandong is the earliest and currently largest corn oil product R&D and production enterprise in my country. Its corn oil sales account for 50% of the domestic market. The company has crude oil pressing plants in Huimin, Shandong, Tieling, Inner Mongolia, and Ordos, and has refined oil and small packaging product production bases in the company headquarters, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and Guangzhou, Guangdong (picture below). To transport crude oil to the refined oil production base, flexitanks (one-time use soft packaging containers for storing and transporting various non-dangerous liquid goods) are mostly used, and tanks or iron drums are used less and less for transportation.
(1) Briefly describe the advantages of Huimin, Tieling, Tongliao, Ordos and other places that attracted the company to build crude oil pressing plants.
(2) analyzed the main reasons why the company built production bases for refined oil and small packaging products in Hangzhou and Guangzhou.
[Answer] (1) It is a major corn-producing area with abundant raw materials; both are underdeveloped small and medium-sized cities with cheap land prices, abundant labor and low prices.
(2) It is close to the market, has a large population, and has a large market scale, which is suitable for the needs of local consumers; the cost of transporting crude oil is similar to that of transporting refined oil. The process from refined oil production to small packaging is closely connected, and the products can be quickly put on the market, which is conducive to ensuring the freshness of the products.
[Analysis] (1) Reading the material "Corn oil is a kind of cereal oil produced by using corn germ" It can be seen that the construction of crude oil pressing factory should be close to the raw material area. The advantages of Huimin, Tieling, Tongliao, Ordos and other places to attract the company are the main corn producing areas with abundant raw materials; and these cities are all underdeveloped small and medium-sized cities with abundant cheap labor, cheap land prices and low production costs.
(2) The construction of a production base for refined oil and small packaging products needs to be close to the market. Hangzhou and Guangzhou are large cities with wide economic radiation, large consumer populations, and large market demand. Small packaging products are suitable for local consumer needs; the cost of transporting crude oil is similar to that of transporting refined oil, and can be close to the market layout. At the same time, the company's close market layout is conducive to the close connection between refined oil production and small packaging technology, shortening the time for products to be put on the market, ensuring the freshness of oil products, and improving product quality.
12． (2020·National New Curriculum Standard III·College Entrance Examination Real Questions) Read graphic materials and complete the following requirements.
Malaysia was once the world's largest producer of tin concentrate. Since the implementation of the industrialization strategy in 1986, the economy has continued to grow rapidly for several years, quickly entering the ranks of newly industrialized countries. In the 1980s, the country's tin ore resources were exhausted. The largest tin mine pit accumulated water and formed a lake, and the surrounding mines were abandoned. Since 1990, the mine lake and abandoned mines have been used to build a leisure city integrating theme parks, golf clubs and courses, hotels and resorts, shopping malls and commercial cities, international convention and exhibition centers, and high-end residential areas. The leisure city became a world-famous tourism and leisure center. The picture below shows the location of the leisure city.
(1) Estimate the distance from the leisure city to Kuala Lumpur city center and the international airport, and illustrate its location advantages.
(2) explains the favorable conditions provided by abandoned mines and mine lakes for the construction of this leisure city.
(3) This leisure city is positioned as high-end. Based on the economic development background of Malaysia, the main source market of the leisure city is analyzed.
(4) This leisure city is large in scale and integrates leisure and entertainment, sports, exhibitions, shopping, hotels, and residences. Briefly describe the role of such a model in attracting consumers.
[Answer] (1) It is about 20 kilometers away from the center of Kuala Lumpur and about 40 kilometers away from the international airport. It is close to the two places and is adjacent to the expressway (convenient transportation and short travel time), making it convenient for Kuala Lumpur citizens and foreign (foreign) tourists to visit.
(2) The land price of the abandoned mine is low, the demolition is convenient, and the investment is low; the water surface of the mine lake is relatively open, and it can be used as the core of the environmental landscape creation of the leisure city.
(3) Malaysia’s economy is developing rapidly, the living standards of domestic residents are improving rapidly, and the demand for leisure and leisure level requirements have increased sharply. Kuala Lumpur is the capital, with a concentrated high-consumption population, and is the most direct source of tourists. Other areas in the country have also become important. An important tourist source market; in the context of economic globalization, the rapid development of Malaysia's economy has closely connected with other parts of the world, allowing Kuala Lumpur to attract more international (government, business, etc.) personnel and tourists, and the high-end leisure city has a brand effect. Therefore, international high-spending groups have become an important tourist source group.
(4) Meet diverse consumer needs; comprehensive and high-level services, strong reception capabilities.
[Analysis] (1) As can be seen from the scale in the picture, the distance from the Leisure City to the Kuala Lumpur city center is about 1 centimeter, about 20 kilometers from the Kuala Lumpur city center, and the Leisure City is about 2 centimeters from the international airport, and about 40 kilometers from the international airport. It is relatively close to the two places. There is a high expressway connection in the figure, and it is adjacent to the expressway. The transportation is convenient, fast, and takes a short time, making it convenient for Kuala Lumpur citizens and foreign (foreign) tourists.
(2) The country’s tin mine resources are exhausted, and surrounding mines are abandoned. The land price of abandoned mines is low, demolition is convenient, and investment is low; the largest tin mine pit accumulates water and forms a lake. The water surface of the mine lake is relatively open, which can be used as the core of the environmental landscape creation of the leisure city.
(3) The consumer groups are mainly from domestic and foreign countries, which will be explained from two aspects. Malaysia has implemented an industrialization strategy since 1986, and its economy has continued to grow at a rapid rate for several years. It has quickly entered the ranks of newly industrialized countries. The economy has developed rapidly, the living standards of domestic residents have improved rapidly, and the demand for leisure and the level of leisure have increased sharply. Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the economic center of the country. It has a concentrated high-consumption population and is the most direct source of tourists. Others in the country The region has also become an important tourist source market; the leisure city has become a world-famous tourism and leisure center. In the context of economic globalization, Malaysia's rapid economic development has closely connected with other parts of the world, allowing Kuala Lumpur to attract more international government and business personnel and tourists. The high-end leisure city has a brand effect, so international high-spending groups have become an important source group of tourists.
(4) With the improvement of people's living standards, the requirements for consumption have increased, and diversified consumption is needed. It integrates leisure and entertainment, sports, exhibitions, shopping, hotels, and residences to meet diversified consumer needs; comprehensive and high-level services, and strong reception capabilities can improve consumers' sense of experience and promote further consumption by consumers.
