Mr. Tao Xingzhi said, life is education! Practice away from life is not education, and meaningless struggle is a waste of life. In the basic education stage, there is no education closer to children's lives than reading. Reading is fertile ground for healthy growth of life and the cradle of personality shaping. A life without reading can only be occupied by weeds. A child without reading is an ignorant life.
There are three levels of reading from low to high: receptive reading, interventional reading and critical reading. I have briefly talked about receptive reading and interventional reading before, but here I will talk about critical reading.
一 Critical reading is the logical development of interventional reading
Interventional reading marks the awakening of the subject spirit. The reader is no longer crawling at the feet of the author, but the master of reading. Using self-experience as a reference, he resonates with aesthetic enjoyment and actively evaluates the text. The self is the subject and the author is the object. It is a revolution in reading. Reading is sublimated into a life practice of ideological construction and is no longer a simple acceptance of knowledge.
As long as you intervene in the text and become the master of reading, your self-experience (i.e., values) will have absolute authority. However, the experience cannot be exactly the same as the author, and it will inevitably produce sparks of critical thinking. As long as readers are respected, critical reading will inevitably be born.
Critical thinking is "thinking of thinking". It is thinking that re-examines the thinking of others or oneself to discover problems. It is a kind of innovative thinking. Critical reading is the rethinking of the author's thinking. It is based on self-experience as a reference. The discovery of text problems is an extension, speculation or partial denial of the author. It is a concentrated expression of innovative reading.
Critical reading is the base for cultivating creativity and the highest state of in-depth reading, with critical comments as the expression of results.
2 Critical reading is the basis for cultivating innovation
Children generally lack innovation, not because of poor innovation talent, but because of the unification of skills training. Children's lack of innovation is mainly manifested in two aspects: one is poor innovative thinking, and the other is poor ability to innovate in life.
Judging from the current textbooks, science only has a knowledge system, which neither enlightens the scientific spirit nor cultivates innovative thinking. It is all cold theorems and training. The science that needs innovative thinking the most is locked in skill training that has no chance of innovation. Chinese is the only subject that leaves room for innovative thinking. Although examinations and teaching are far from innovative reading, reading itself contains rich innovative resources. Critical reading is the direction of reading teaching reform and the direction of examination reform. How did
Critical Reading come about? The thinking process is as follows: questioning - refining opinions - studying and looking for evidence - writing critical comments to prove the opinions.
Questioning is the starting point of criticism. It starts from perceptual revolt. When you suddenly find something wrong while reading, it conflicts with experience and leads to doubt. Without dedicated reading and independent ideological reference, doubts cannot arise. As long as you prostrate yourself under the author's shrine, it is impossible to question, because blind obedience and questioning have no connection.
Perceptual doubts must be carefully considered before refining specific issues. Sometimes, after thinking about it, we find that our doubts stem from our lack of understanding, and we are relieved after understanding without critical reading. Only after repeated thinking and convinced that the doubt is justified, can we then refine critical questions and form opinions. The formation of opinions is an important achievement of critical reading and lays the foundation for developing arguments.
Critical reading relies on logic rather than bias. It requires solid textual evidence and rigorous reasoning to support opinions. This is the task of in-depth study. You must find the most convincing evidence, otherwise the critical point of view cannot be proved. Once you have the evidence, you must also analyze the evidence to support your point of view with eloquent force.
It’s time to pick up the pen and write a comment. Proving a point of view requires logical wisdom, especially the wisdom of refutation. It is impossible to explain clearly extemporaneously. Critical comments are the ultimate result of reading.
The goal of critical reading is to develop a keen sense of questioning, reverse reasoning and independent and profound thinking, which become a symbol of innovation.
3 Critical reading has a vast world
There is no perfect article in the world. Unlike scientific theorems that are extremely difficult to deny, texts always have shortcomings, either extension, denial, or speculation, which provide soil for critical reading. For readers, the more personal the thinking, the easier it is to question and criticize. Specifically, there are roughly four aspects of critical perspective:
First, the conflict between readers and authors
This is the basic conflict, which is concentrated in the difference in values. As long as one has independent thought, it is impossible to be completely consistent with the author, and critical reading is naturally born. Especially the differences between eras and nations, readers can easily question, for example, ancient prose. Because of the influence of Confucianism , modern readers can easily question ancient authors.
The second conflict between readers and characters
here mainly refers to thinking about the characters' personalities, judging the characters from my point of view, discovering the shortcomings of the positive characters and the advantages of the negative characters, so as to interpret the characters more deeply and comprehensively. This is an innovative practice that greatly requires wisdom in life. For example, Jia Baoyu is a character with a very complex personality, providing excellent resources for three-dimensional interpretation and criticism.
The third character’s internal conflict
As long as it is an excellent work, the characters are an organic combination of multiple personalities. The characters’ internal conflicts are fierce, weak and strong, timid and brave, obedient and rebellious, etc. It is the internal conflict that drives the development of the plot and provides a stage for critical reading.
The fourth conflict between readers
Different readers have greatly different ideas. There will naturally be conflicts in interpreting the same work, which leads to critical reading.
