Text/Tutian Rougang
Looking for excerpted information in memory of Teacher Xu
Teacher Xu Jianchun (1923.10.9—2017.6.28)
Teacher at Taidong 6th Road Primary School in Qingdao retired
Qingdao Municipal Girls’ High School was founded in 1925, formerly known as "Jiao'ao Commercial Port Public Girls' High School" was renamed "Shandong Province Qingdao No. 2 Middle School " in the autumn of 1950.
The number of students in the municipal girls' middle school once reached 1,250. In 1932, Chen Xianghe, a good friend of Shen Congwen, a famous writer, and later a member of the Communist Party of China, came to Qingdao Municipal Middle School as a Chinese teacher, and at the same time taught part-time at the Municipal Girls' Middle School. In 1934, Mr. Lao She’s wife Hu Xuqing came to the municipal girls’ middle school to teach. The tuition fees of the three girls' middle schools built one after another, Wende Girls' Middle School and Shenggong Girls' Middle School, are very high and cannot be afforded by ordinary families.
Some information about the establishment of the Jiaodong Underground Working Committee and the Women’s Special Branch of the Communist Party of China
In the autumn of 1940, Liu Wenqing (Yang Zhen), a senior student at the private Wende Girls’ High School (now Qingdao No. 8 Middle School), met Chen Xiuying (Xue Yin), a classmate of Liu Yi (Meishan) After being introduced, he came into contact with Song Binghai (Mo Yi), an underground party member, and after several conversations he was developed into a member of the "Anti-Xian" team. Later, Mo Yi learned that Yang Zhen had participated in the democratic revolution of Shanda in 1937 and had carried out national salvation activities, so he quickly made her a party member. In December, Yang Zhen was secretly sent to Jiaodong Anti-Japanese University to study. This incident caused a lot of turmoil around the school and the family, but it gradually subsided after many efforts. At the same time, Xue Yin sent an urgent letter to Meishan, where was studying in Peking, urging him to come back quickly to deal with the aftermath.
Meishan originally studied in Qingdao Municipal Girls' High School (now Qingdao No. 2 Middle School). Because some of her progressive classmates and teachers went to Peiping after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Yang Zhen lost contact with the people, so the two discussed Meishan to study in Peking. Find underground connections for the sake of fame. In the autumn of 1940, with Xue Yin's financial assistance, Meishan was admitted to the Private Northern Middle School in Peking, where he met some intellectual youths with anti-Japanese ideas. After Meishan received Xiu Yin's letter, he returned to Qingdao . The next day, Xue Yin introduced her to meet Mo Yi and talked about Yang Zhen's running away. Mei Shan had already participated in some progressive activities in Peiping, so she was eager to return to Peiping, so Mo Yi told her where Yang Zhen was. Now that he had found the organization, Mei Shan decided not to return to Peiping and cut off contact with his classmates in Peiping as required. In January 1941, Meishan participated in the "Anti-Xian" movement after being introduced by Mo Yi. In March, Mo Yi introduced her to join the party. Then, Meishan introduced Xu Yan and Xu Jianchun to join the "Anti-Xian" movement at the Municipal Girls' High School, and in May, he promoted them to become members of the Communist Party of China. Afterwards, Mo Yi conveyed organizational opinions: establish a branch at the municipal girls' middle school, with Mei Shan as secretary, Xu Yan and Xu Jianchun as organization and publicity committee members.
In March 1941, Fang Xunren (formerly known as Li Jiwei) was arrested. After his release, he lived at Meishan's home at No. 13 Dongguang Road for 2 days, and then transferred to the Jiaodong base area.
Later, Mo Yi went to hide at No. 13 Dongguang Road. Because this is a single-family house, there is a Christian church "Assembly of God" outside; the Meishan family has a good relationship with their neighbors, Bao, Jia Chang, and most of the family members are women, so they rarely come to check their household registration. Xue Yin Also stayed here. Ma Wen (formerly known as Dou Yuying) and others also came here to contact Mo Yi for work.
html In June, Mo Yi went to the Jiaodong base area to study. After Mo Yi left, Xue Yin took Mei Shan to see Qu Hua (formerly known as Li Jiren , who was the head of the underground party at the time) to report on his work. Qu Hua learned about the situation at No. 13 Dongguang Road and affirmed the work of the municipal girls' high school. Mei Shan met with Qu Hua twice. In June, after Yang Zhen returned to Qingdao from the base area, I was responsible for the work of the municipal girls' middle school.
On the morning of January 2, 1942, Gao Wenxu took Xie Mingqin to the home of Zhang Zhongmei (a cotton mill worker) in Yantan Village and asked them to discuss together and agree to pick him up in the evening. After saying that, Gao Wenxu went to work. Xie and Zhang talked about doing business. In the evening, Zhang Zhongmei went to work, and Gao Wenxu came and brought worker Zhou Yongzhi. At this time, because Zhang Zhongmei's family was cooking for several single workers, several workers came one after another. They finished their meal and left, leaving behind Gao Wenxu, Zhou Yongzhi, and a worker, Li Kezhu.Before they could talk about anything, three spies suddenly broke in and tied up Xie Mingqin, Gao Wenxu, and Zhou Yongzhi. Li Kezhu held a lantern for the agents and sent Xie, Gao and Zhou to the Yantan Village Office. The agents asked Li Kezhu to watch the three people, and then went to the kang to eat and drink.
After that, a Japanese truck came and escorted Xie, Gao, and Zhou to the Japanese secret service agency at Cangkou Airport. In the secret service, the guards were all Japanese soldiers and did not understand Chinese. Xie Mingqin took the opportunity to tell Gao Wenxu and Zhou Yongzhi some fighting methods, and warned them not to testify to others no matter what the situation. During the interrogation, first Gao Wenxu and Zhou Yongzhi were brought up, and then Xie Mingqin was brought up. Xie said that he was doing small business and came to collect the account, and he didn't know anything else. He also said that he was deaf, which was considered a prevarication. When he was interrogated for the second time, the enemy tortured him and beat him until his nose and eyes bled and he passed out.
Two more people were arrested the next morning, one named Qu Shenggui and the other Wu Shichuan. They were both workers' party members developed by Gao Wenxu. At four or five o'clock that afternoon, the five of them were put on military trucks and taken to the "Japanese Navy Prison Camp" (the pseudo-court detention center on Changzhou Road).
was held alone in the "prison field". About half a month later, during an interrogation, Xie Mingqin saw Zhang Zhongmei present. The enemy asked them if they knew each other, and both of them said they didn't. After multiple interrogations and cruel torture, the official verdict was not reached until April. Gao Wenxu was sentenced to death, Xie Mingqin, Qu Shenggui, and Wu Shixun were sentenced to three and a half years in prison, and Zhou Yongzhi was sentenced to two years. Zhang Zhongmei was released before sentencing. After the verdict was pronounced, he was transferred to the Pseudo Court Detention Center to serve his sentence.
Later it was discovered that the traitor Yin Changan was the informant. One of the three agents who arrested people was Li Kezhu's brother Li Kehuang, a well-known agent with Cangru. After Xie Mingqin was arrested, his identity was not exposed and the organization suffered no losses. Half a year later, Xie Mingqin sent a letter home through the caretaker, which was addressed to the contact point in Jiao County. This letter was successfully contacted, and the Jiaodong District Party Committee secretly sent someone to visit the prison. In September 1945, after Japan surrendered, Xie Mingqin was released from prison following the amnesty. Afraid of something unexpected happening, he did not dare to stay in Qing and went straight to Laiyang City, where the district party committee was based. One night, the district party committee secretary Lin Hao and his secretary visited him in the guest house and arranged for him to go to the hospital for treatment. After Xie Mingqin entered Qingdao, he adjusted and developed the organization according to the opinions of the Jiaodong District Party Committee on the work of in Qingdao, and established a municipal-level organization.
The day after Xie Mingqin was arrested, Yang Zhen learned the news. She took some measures in the city: cleaning up the underground municipal working committee office at No. 13 Dongguang Road; mimeograph machine and papers were scattered and hidden; Yang Zhen was transferred to Zhou Linyu's home.
Xu Jianchun, Xu Yan, Li Min and others temporarily stopped their activities and made preparations to move immediately if there was any movement. Liang Xiu was young and did not attract attention, so he stayed at No. 13 Dongguang Road to spread the news.
On the fifth day of Xie Mingqin's arrest, Yang Zhen contacted Zuo Yi, who introduced Yang Zhen to the situation of youth work. Yang Zhen asked Zuo Yi to move into the house immediately and hide temporarily. The next day, Zuo Yi took Chen Yi (formerly known as Zhao Baolin, secretary of the Party branch of Chongde Middle School) to get in touch with Yang Zhen on Laoshan Mountain. They studied the situation of the municipal middle school and decided to reestablish the municipal party branch, with Zuo Yi as secretary. . Subsequently, youth work began to work under the leadership of Yang Zhen.
During this period, Ma Wen and Lei Shouluan of the Party branch of British Tobacco Company approached Yang Zhen because they lost their leadership. Yang Zhen asked Meishan to contact them to jointly study the work of the party branch. At the end of 1942, after Mo Yi returned to Qing Dynasty from the Jiaodong District Party Committee, the work of the Yizhong branch was transferred to him. At the same time, Yang Zhen and Mei Shan carried out rescue work on Xie Mingqin through two channels.
In March 1943, in order to improve the quality of comrades in the city, the organization decided that Zuo Yi, Mei Shan, Chen Yi, Song Hai, and Li Min would go to Jiaodong Party School to study. Before departure, Li Kuisheng, secretary of the Jiao County Party Committee, was arrested as a traitor, which cut off the connection between the underground party in the city and the Jiaodong District Party Committee. So Yang Zhen asked Zuo Yi and Mei Shan to go first and go to Zuo Yi's hometown Beizhao (old base area) to try to contact the Beihai Prefectural Committee, and then transferred to the Jiaodong District Party Committee. After many twists and turns, I arrived at the Jiaodong District Party Committee and met with Wang Tai, the acting organization director.At this time, the district party committee knew that the Jiao County Liaison Station had been damaged and was actively restoring it. Subsequently, Chen Yi, Song Hai, and Li Min also arrived at the party school one after another.
studied in the party school for half a year. The district party committee took out students from the enemy war zone and held an "enemy worker training class", which was directly under the leadership of the district party committee and supervised by Wang Tai. The training class established a party branch, with Chen Yi as secretary, Zuo Yi as organizational committee member, and Tao Jiyun (formerly known as Bie Jisan) as publicity committee member. The training class is located in Taicun, Yaqian County, where the district party committee is based. The main content of the study is: the principles and policies of secret work and the strategies and methods of fighting the enemy. The lecturers include Li Lin from Shandong Branch who came to Jiaodong to inspect the work, Yu Ke, director of the Jiaodong District Public Security Bureau, Wang Tai, acting director of the Organization Department, Zhang Kun, chief of the enemy engineering section of the Jiaodong Military Region, Xiaolin Qing, head of the Japanese Soldiers Anti-War Alliance, and others.
html In mid-September, the "Enemy Workers Training Class" graduated. Before returning to Qing Dynasty, Wang Tai talked to Zuo Yi and Meishan and instructed Yang Zhen, Zuo Yi and Meishan to set up a united front working group, led by Yang Zhen, using Zuo Yi's family conditions to carry out united front work at the upper levels. According to the instructions of the district party committee, Yang Zhen paid attention to the professionalism of his comrades. In early 1942, she went to teach at Sifang Primary School in Sifang, Sifang, and rented a house to live in Sifang. Some unemployed comrades are trying their best to find a job. After graduating from high school, Xu Yan worked as a staff at Sifang Machinery Factory, Xu Jianchun became a teacher at Mingde Primary School, and Song Hai also worked as a staff at Sifang Machinery Factory. In 1943, Chen Yi obtained several teaching positions at the Red Swastika Primary School through his hometown connections, and then notified Zhang Liao to come to Qingdao. After Zhang Liao came back, he temporarily lived at No. 13 Dongguang Road. After some arrangements, he thought he could make a public appearance, so he went to the Red Swastika Society Primary School to teach with Yue Zhenhong, Xu Wenxun, Chen Yi and Zuo Yi. After finding employment in the city, Zhang Liao began to focus on youth work.
In the autumn of 1944, Liu Qi (formerly known as Liu Zhenxing) brought instructions from the Jiaodong District Party Committee: it was decided to transform the Qingdao underground party into three special branches. Although the three special branches have different names, they all do comprehensive party and mass work. Zhang Liao was appointed as the secretary of the youth special branch, and Mo Yi was appointed as the secretary of the workers' special branch. The women's special branch is headed by Yang Zhen as the secretary and Liu Qi as the organizing committee member; the United Front Working Group still exists independently and is directly led by Yang Zhen.
In the nearly three years since Xie Mingqin was arrested and the three special branches were established, the work on women has become increasingly rigorous due to organizational rectification. They paid attention to the ideological education and integrity education of party members and red masses, improved their policy level and work ability, and the organization also developed.
(ー) Organization status
. Branches have been established in several middle schools. There are Municipal Middle School Branch (Secretary Zuo Yi), Chongde Middle School Branch (Secretary Chen Yi), Municipal Girls’ Middle School Branch (Secretary Mei Shan)
, and the work sites are: Sifang Primary School (Yang Zhen), Taitung Town Primary School (Lang Jinyun) , East Asia Tobacco Factory (Liang Xiu, Zhang Min), Yizhong Tobacco Company (Liu Wenjing), Sifang Machinery Factory (Xu Yan, Song Hai, Qu Yaochen), Zhongjiawa Police Group (Liu Qi, Teng Lin), Cangkou Sun Rubber Factory (Wei Like, Wei Lixiu).
. The secret contact stations are: No. 13 Dongguang Road, Wanshou Road Mingji Garment Bureau (Zhang Hong), Xiaozaoyuan Village (Liu Wenshu, Zhang Peiqi)
(2) Several main tasks
. In the Japanese factory, the underground party Organizing a "stealing" struggle for survival not only solved some of the workers' living difficulties, but also destroyed the enemy's military production.
. Establish an underground library. In October 1940, Zhang Liao, Chen Yi, Xu Wenxun, Zuo Yi, and Nie Xiwen quietly went to the post-teaching attic of Chongde Middle School and took out two baggage "banned books", such as "Outline of Social Sciences", "Introduction to Materialist Dialectics", and Progressive novels, etc., an underground library was established at Zuo Yi's house at No. 8 Yexian Road. Some progressive books were broken into parts, the covers were changed, and they were lent to party members, red groups and progressive classmates. Later, some books and newspapers were brought back from the base area, and Mei Shan and Dou Yushan also purchased some books by progressive writers from Shanghai. In the autumn of 1942, in order to adapt to the changes in conditions and to better function, most of the books were moved to No. 13 Dongguang Road, under the management of Liang Xiu. These books played a good role in the minds of armed comrades.
. Founded the secret publication "Torrent".On December 8, 1941, to commemorate the 6th anniversary of the December 9th Movement, Yang Zhen presided over the establishment of the secret publication "Torrent". 20 copies of the first issue were printed and distributed mainly to party members and "anti-pioneer" members. In January 1942, the publication was suspended due to the arrest of Xie Mingqin. After Yang Zhen established a relationship with Zuo Yi and Chen Yi, they discussed and decided to continue publishing "Torrent". The second issue was printed in March, with a total of 30 copies. The editor-in-chief of the publication is Yang Zhen. Zuo Yi, Chen Yi, Mei Shan, Liang Xiu, Ma Wen, Xu Yan,
Xu Jianchun, and others who participated in this work wrote and assembled the articles separately. The printing work is rotated at No. 13 Dongguang Road, Sifang Yang Zhen's office and Zuo Yi's house. By the end of the year, "Torrent" had published a total of 7 issues, but it was later discontinued due to lack of paper.
. Resist the slavish education of the Japanese and puppet authorities. In this regard, the party branches of various schools publicized and mobilized students to carry out small-scale resistance activities, spreading the message that "life is precious, love is more valuable, and both can be thrown away for the sake of freedom" and "Give me freedom or give me death." The famous saying, "You don't need to learn Japanese, you won't need it for three years" is also widely spread. The Party branch of Wende Girls' Middle School also organized a strike against Japanese classes. That was after the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1942, and the school was under "military control" by Japan. The Japanese on the curriculum increased to 6 periods each week, while there were only 4 periods of mathematics and 3 periods of English. The students were very dissatisfied. In order to suppress the students' dissatisfaction, the school authorities announced that those who failed in Japanese would not be allowed to graduate and would not be able to advance to high school. The students were in an uproar. The Wende Party branch studied this situation and decided to stop taking Japanese classes mainly in the third year of high school and junior high school, while other classes created public opinion to support and cooperate. Party member Dai Xiaomei and several activists contacted the classmates and reached a consensus: they did not enter the classroom during the Japanese class to show confrontation; after entering the classroom, the Japanese instructor did not answer questions; anyone who answered was a traitor. After the implementation of this action plan, the school authorities were very angry, but they were afraid that the situation would escalate, so they had to call the squad leader for a training, and gave Dai Xiaomei and Zhang Huaizhu serious demerits. This was to regain some face for the Japanese instructors, and that was the end of it. . This strike broke the Japanese notion that the power of instructors is sacred and inviolable.
5. In the autumn of 1942, the city’s party organization opened a student cultural cram school at the Dongguang Road Christian Church. Lang Jinyun, a teacher at Dongzhen Primary School, was in charge of tutoring students’ homework without charging tuition. The purpose was to connect and unite parents. After the first period, the class developed into literacy class for adult women . About 30 students, parents and female workers participated in the study.
In 1943, Liang Xiu was responsible for setting up another literacy class at No. 27 Yangming Road. More than 20 female workers from East Asia Cigarette Factory participated in the study. The textbooks used are public primary school textbooks, and the actual teaching materials are self-edited textbooks. Every half month or month, Yang Zhen will talk about current affairs for everyone. Most of the content is to find news from official newspapers and analyze it, so that everyone can know the truth about the anti-Japanese battlefield. Literacy classes teach songs once a week, and the songs are popular movie interludes, such as "Echo Song" and "Fishing Light Song" from "New Women". Some of the people who participated in the literacy class became red groups, some were of great help to the work of the underground party, and some protected Yang Zhen and Mei Shan regardless of the risk of being implicated.
At the end of 1943, due to personnel changes, the above two literacy classes were suspended.
(3) In terms of united front work
Since Xie Mingqin came to Qinghai, city organizations began to pay attention to the work of uniting the upper class of society. In the autumn of 1943, the United Front Work Group under the specific leadership of Yang Zhen made extensive contact with Sun Zijun, Li Yannong, Liu Songru, Xu Xianzhang, Li Zhijian and other well-known national capitalists on the island and their families through relatives and friends of Sun Shengwu (Zuo Yi's father), one by one. Carry out work, publicize the tendency to resist Japan, and fund the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese struggle. Qingji Rubber Factory, Luoli Trading House, Siyi Pharmaceutical Factory, and Dacheng Automobile Co., Ltd. founded by Cui Guozhang, Sun Zijun, Sun Shengwu and others delivered medicines, medical equipment and other urgently needed materials to the Jiaodong base area many times during the Anti-Japanese War.
In the autumn of 1944, changes occurred in Sun Shengwu's family, and conflicts intensified. Zuo Chen (formerly known as Sun Dechang, Zuo Yi's younger brother) went to Jiaodong to study, and Zuo Yi moved to No. 13 Dongguang Road to hide. Only Meishan and Sun Weiqi (formerly known as Sun Shumin, Zuo Yi's sister) continued to work at home. Text/Tutian Rougang Teacher Xu Jianchun (1923.10.9—2017.6.28) Teacher at Taidong 6th Road Primary School in Qingdao retired Qingdao Municipal Girls’ High School was founded in 1925, formerly known as "Jiao'ao Commercial Port Public Girls' High School" was renamed "Shandong Province Qingdao No. 2 Middle School " in the autumn of 1950. Looking for excerpted information in memory of Teacher Xu
The number of students in the municipal girls' middle school once reached 1,250. In 1932, Chen Xianghe, a good friend of Shen Congwen, a famous writer, and later a member of the Communist Party of China, came to Qingdao Municipal Middle School as a Chinese teacher, and at the same time taught part-time at the Municipal Girls' Middle School. In 1934, Mr. Lao She’s wife Hu Xuqing came to the municipal girls’ middle school to teach. The tuition fees of the three girls' middle schools built one after another, Wende Girls' Middle School and Shenggong Girls' Middle School, are very high and cannot be afforded by ordinary families.
Some information about the establishment of the Jiaodong Underground Working Committee and the Women’s Special Branch of the Communist Party of China
In the autumn of 1940, Liu Wenqing (Yang Zhen), a senior student at the private Wende Girls’ High School (now Qingdao No. 8 Middle School), met Chen Xiuying (Xue Yin), a classmate of Liu Yi (Meishan) After being introduced, he came into contact with Song Binghai (Mo Yi), an underground party member, and after several conversations he was developed into a member of the "Anti-Xian" team. Later, Mo Yi learned that Yang Zhen had participated in the democratic revolution of Shanda in 1937 and had carried out national salvation activities, so he quickly made her a party member. In December, Yang Zhen was secretly sent to Jiaodong Anti-Japanese University to study. This incident caused a lot of turmoil around the school and the family, but it gradually subsided after many efforts. At the same time, Xue Yin sent an urgent letter to Meishan, where was studying in Peking, urging him to come back quickly to deal with the aftermath.
Meishan originally studied in Qingdao Municipal Girls' High School (now Qingdao No. 2 Middle School). Because some of her progressive classmates and teachers went to Peiping after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Yang Zhen lost contact with the people, so the two discussed Meishan to study in Peking. Find underground connections for the sake of fame. In the autumn of 1940, with Xue Yin's financial assistance, Meishan was admitted to the Private Northern Middle School in Peking, where he met some intellectual youths with anti-Japanese ideas. After Meishan received Xiu Yin's letter, he returned to Qingdao . The next day, Xue Yin introduced her to meet Mo Yi and talked about Yang Zhen's running away. Mei Shan had already participated in some progressive activities in Peiping, so she was eager to return to Peiping, so Mo Yi told her where Yang Zhen was. Now that he had found the organization, Mei Shan decided not to return to Peiping and cut off contact with his classmates in Peiping as required. In January 1941, Meishan participated in the "Anti-Xian" movement after being introduced by Mo Yi. In March, Mo Yi introduced her to join the party. Then, Meishan introduced Xu Yan and Xu Jianchun to join the "Anti-Xian" movement at the Municipal Girls' High School, and in May, he promoted them to become members of the Communist Party of China. Afterwards, Mo Yi conveyed organizational opinions: establish a branch at the municipal girls' middle school, with Mei Shan as secretary, Xu Yan and Xu Jianchun as organization and publicity committee members.
In March 1941, Fang Xunren (formerly known as Li Jiwei) was arrested. After his release, he lived at Meishan's home at No. 13 Dongguang Road for 2 days, and then transferred to the Jiaodong base area.
Later, Mo Yi went to hide at No. 13 Dongguang Road. Because this is a single-family house, there is a Christian church "Assembly of God" outside; the Meishan family has a good relationship with their neighbors, Bao, Jia Chang, and most of the family members are women, so they rarely come to check their household registration. Xue Yin Also stayed here. Ma Wen (formerly known as Dou Yuying) and others also came here to contact Mo Yi for work.
html In June, Mo Yi went to the Jiaodong base area to study. After Mo Yi left, Xue Yin took Mei Shan to see Qu Hua (formerly known as Li Jiren , who was the head of the underground party at the time) to report on his work. Qu Hua learned about the situation at No. 13 Dongguang Road and affirmed the work of the municipal girls' high school. Mei Shan met with Qu Hua twice. In June, after Yang Zhen returned to Qingdao from the base area, I was responsible for the work of the municipal girls' middle school.
On the morning of January 2, 1942, Gao Wenxu took Xie Mingqin to the home of Zhang Zhongmei (a cotton mill worker) in Yantan Village and asked them to discuss together and agree to pick him up in the evening. After saying that, Gao Wenxu went to work. Xie and Zhang talked about doing business. In the evening, Zhang Zhongmei went to work, and Gao Wenxu came and brought worker Zhou Yongzhi. At this time, because Zhang Zhongmei's family was cooking for several single workers, several workers came one after another. They finished their meal and left, leaving behind Gao Wenxu, Zhou Yongzhi, and a worker, Li Kezhu.Before they could talk about anything, three spies suddenly broke in and tied up Xie Mingqin, Gao Wenxu, and Zhou Yongzhi. Li Kezhu held a lantern for the agents and sent Xie, Gao and Zhou to the Yantan Village Office. The agents asked Li Kezhu to watch the three people, and then went to the kang to eat and drink.
After that, a Japanese truck came and escorted Xie, Gao, and Zhou to the Japanese secret service agency at Cangkou Airport. In the secret service, the guards were all Japanese soldiers and did not understand Chinese. Xie Mingqin took the opportunity to tell Gao Wenxu and Zhou Yongzhi some fighting methods, and warned them not to testify to others no matter what the situation. During the interrogation, first Gao Wenxu and Zhou Yongzhi were brought up, and then Xie Mingqin was brought up. Xie said that he was doing small business and came to collect the account, and he didn't know anything else. He also said that he was deaf, which was considered a prevarication. When he was interrogated for the second time, the enemy tortured him and beat him until his nose and eyes bled and he passed out.
Two more people were arrested the next morning, one named Qu Shenggui and the other Wu Shichuan. They were both workers' party members developed by Gao Wenxu. At four or five o'clock that afternoon, the five of them were put on military trucks and taken to the "Japanese Navy Prison Camp" (the pseudo-court detention center on Changzhou Road).
was held alone in the "prison field". About half a month later, during an interrogation, Xie Mingqin saw Zhang Zhongmei present. The enemy asked them if they knew each other, and both of them said they didn't. After multiple interrogations and cruel torture, the official verdict was not reached until April. Gao Wenxu was sentenced to death, Xie Mingqin, Qu Shenggui, and Wu Shixun were sentenced to three and a half years in prison, and Zhou Yongzhi was sentenced to two years. Zhang Zhongmei was released before sentencing. After the verdict was pronounced, he was transferred to the Pseudo Court Detention Center to serve his sentence.
Later it was discovered that the traitor Yin Changan was the informant. One of the three agents who arrested people was Li Kezhu's brother Li Kehuang, a well-known agent with Cangru. After Xie Mingqin was arrested, his identity was not exposed and the organization suffered no losses. Half a year later, Xie Mingqin sent a letter home through the caretaker, which was addressed to the contact point in Jiao County. This letter was successfully contacted, and the Jiaodong District Party Committee secretly sent someone to visit the prison. In September 1945, after Japan surrendered, Xie Mingqin was released from prison following the amnesty. Afraid of something unexpected happening, he did not dare to stay in Qing and went straight to Laiyang City, where the district party committee was based. One night, the district party committee secretary Lin Hao and his secretary visited him in the guest house and arranged for him to go to the hospital for treatment. After Xie Mingqin entered Qingdao, he adjusted and developed the organization according to the opinions of the Jiaodong District Party Committee on the work of in Qingdao, and established a municipal-level organization.
The day after Xie Mingqin was arrested, Yang Zhen learned the news. She took some measures in the city: cleaning up the underground municipal working committee office at No. 13 Dongguang Road; mimeograph machine and papers were scattered and hidden; Yang Zhen was transferred to Zhou Linyu's home.
Xu Jianchun, Xu Yan, Li Min and others temporarily stopped their activities and made preparations to move immediately if there was any movement. Liang Xiu was young and did not attract attention, so he stayed at No. 13 Dongguang Road to spread the news.
On the fifth day of Xie Mingqin's arrest, Yang Zhen contacted Zuo Yi, who introduced Yang Zhen to the situation of youth work. Yang Zhen asked Zuo Yi to move into the house immediately and hide temporarily. The next day, Zuo Yi took Chen Yi (formerly known as Zhao Baolin, secretary of the Party branch of Chongde Middle School) to get in touch with Yang Zhen on Laoshan Mountain. They studied the situation of the municipal middle school and decided to reestablish the municipal party branch, with Zuo Yi as secretary. . Subsequently, youth work began to work under the leadership of Yang Zhen.
During this period, Ma Wen and Lei Shouluan of the Party branch of British Tobacco Company approached Yang Zhen because they lost their leadership. Yang Zhen asked Meishan to contact them to jointly study the work of the party branch. At the end of 1942, after Mo Yi returned to Qing Dynasty from the Jiaodong District Party Committee, the work of the Yizhong branch was transferred to him. At the same time, Yang Zhen and Mei Shan carried out rescue work on Xie Mingqin through two channels.
In March 1943, in order to improve the quality of comrades in the city, the organization decided that Zuo Yi, Mei Shan, Chen Yi, Song Hai, and Li Min would go to Jiaodong Party School to study. Before departure, Li Kuisheng, secretary of the Jiao County Party Committee, was arrested as a traitor, which cut off the connection between the underground party in the city and the Jiaodong District Party Committee. So Yang Zhen asked Zuo Yi and Mei Shan to go first and go to Zuo Yi's hometown Beizhao (old base area) to try to contact the Beihai Prefectural Committee, and then transferred to the Jiaodong District Party Committee. After many twists and turns, I arrived at the Jiaodong District Party Committee and met with Wang Tai, the acting organization director.At this time, the district party committee knew that the Jiao County Liaison Station had been damaged and was actively restoring it. Subsequently, Chen Yi, Song Hai, and Li Min also arrived at the party school one after another.
studied in the party school for half a year. The district party committee took out students from the enemy war zone and held an "enemy worker training class", which was directly under the leadership of the district party committee and supervised by Wang Tai. The training class established a party branch, with Chen Yi as secretary, Zuo Yi as organizational committee member, and Tao Jiyun (formerly known as Bie Jisan) as publicity committee member. The training class is located in Taicun, Yaqian County, where the district party committee is based. The main content of the study is: the principles and policies of secret work and the strategies and methods of fighting the enemy. The lecturers include Li Lin from Shandong Branch who came to Jiaodong to inspect the work, Yu Ke, director of the Jiaodong District Public Security Bureau, Wang Tai, acting director of the Organization Department, Zhang Kun, chief of the enemy engineering section of the Jiaodong Military Region, Xiaolin Qing, head of the Japanese Soldiers Anti-War Alliance, and others.
html In mid-September, the "Enemy Workers Training Class" graduated. Before returning to Qing Dynasty, Wang Tai talked to Zuo Yi and Meishan and instructed Yang Zhen, Zuo Yi and Meishan to set up a united front working group, led by Yang Zhen, using Zuo Yi's family conditions to carry out united front work at the upper levels. According to the instructions of the district party committee, Yang Zhen paid attention to the professionalism of his comrades. In early 1942, she went to teach at Sifang Primary School in Sifang, Sifang, and rented a house to live in Sifang. Some unemployed comrades are trying their best to find a job. After graduating from high school, Xu Yan worked as a staff at Sifang Machinery Factory, Xu Jianchun became a teacher at Mingde Primary School, and Song Hai also worked as a staff at Sifang Machinery Factory. In 1943, Chen Yi obtained several teaching positions at the Red Swastika Primary School through his hometown connections, and then notified Zhang Liao to come to Qingdao. After Zhang Liao came back, he temporarily lived at No. 13 Dongguang Road. After some arrangements, he thought he could make a public appearance, so he went to the Red Swastika Society Primary School to teach with Yue Zhenhong, Xu Wenxun, Chen Yi and Zuo Yi. After finding employment in the city, Zhang Liao began to focus on youth work.
In the autumn of 1944, Liu Qi (formerly known as Liu Zhenxing) brought instructions from the Jiaodong District Party Committee: it was decided to transform the Qingdao underground party into three special branches. Although the three special branches have different names, they all do comprehensive party and mass work. Zhang Liao was appointed as the secretary of the youth special branch, and Mo Yi was appointed as the secretary of the workers' special branch. The women's special branch is headed by Yang Zhen as the secretary and Liu Qi as the organizing committee member; the United Front Working Group still exists independently and is directly led by Yang Zhen.
In the nearly three years since Xie Mingqin was arrested and the three special branches were established, the work on women has become increasingly rigorous due to organizational rectification. They paid attention to the ideological education and integrity education of party members and red masses, improved their policy level and work ability, and the organization also developed.
(ー) Organization status
. Branches have been established in several middle schools. There are Municipal Middle School Branch (Secretary Zuo Yi), Chongde Middle School Branch (Secretary Chen Yi), Municipal Girls’ Middle School Branch (Secretary Mei Shan)
, and the work sites are: Sifang Primary School (Yang Zhen), Taitung Town Primary School (Lang Jinyun) , East Asia Tobacco Factory (Liang Xiu, Zhang Min), Yizhong Tobacco Company (Liu Wenjing), Sifang Machinery Factory (Xu Yan, Song Hai, Qu Yaochen), Zhongjiawa Police Group (Liu Qi, Teng Lin), Cangkou Sun Rubber Factory (Wei Like, Wei Lixiu).
. The secret contact stations are: No. 13 Dongguang Road, Wanshou Road Mingji Garment Bureau (Zhang Hong), Xiaozaoyuan Village (Liu Wenshu, Zhang Peiqi)
(2) Several main tasks
. In the Japanese factory, the underground party Organizing a "stealing" struggle for survival not only solved some of the workers' living difficulties, but also destroyed the enemy's military production.
. Establish an underground library. In October 1940, Zhang Liao, Chen Yi, Xu Wenxun, Zuo Yi, and Nie Xiwen quietly went to the post-teaching attic of Chongde Middle School and took out two baggage "banned books", such as "Outline of Social Sciences", "Introduction to Materialist Dialectics", and Progressive novels, etc., an underground library was established at Zuo Yi's house at No. 8 Yexian Road. Some progressive books were broken into parts, the covers were changed, and they were lent to party members, red groups and progressive classmates. Later, some books and newspapers were brought back from the base area, and Mei Shan and Dou Yushan also purchased some books by progressive writers from Shanghai. In the autumn of 1942, in order to adapt to the changes in conditions and to better function, most of the books were moved to No. 13 Dongguang Road, under the management of Liang Xiu. These books played a good role in the minds of armed comrades.
. Founded the secret publication "Torrent".On December 8, 1941, to commemorate the 6th anniversary of the December 9th Movement, Yang Zhen presided over the establishment of the secret publication "Torrent". 20 copies of the first issue were printed and distributed mainly to party members and "anti-pioneer" members. In January 1942, the publication was suspended due to the arrest of Xie Mingqin. After Yang Zhen established a relationship with Zuo Yi and Chen Yi, they discussed and decided to continue publishing "Torrent". The second issue was printed in March, with a total of 30 copies. The editor-in-chief of the publication is Yang Zhen. Zuo Yi, Chen Yi, Mei Shan, Liang Xiu, Ma Wen, Xu Yan,
Xu Jianchun, and others who participated in this work wrote and assembled the articles separately. The printing work is rotated at No. 13 Dongguang Road, Sifang Yang Zhen's office and Zuo Yi's house. By the end of the year, "Torrent" had published a total of 7 issues, but it was later discontinued due to lack of paper.
. Resist the slavish education of the Japanese and puppet authorities. In this regard, the party branches of various schools publicized and mobilized students to carry out small-scale resistance activities, spreading the message that "life is precious, love is more valuable, and both can be thrown away for the sake of freedom" and "Give me freedom or give me death." The famous saying, "You don't need to learn Japanese, you won't need it for three years" is also widely spread. The Party branch of Wende Girls' Middle School also organized a strike against Japanese classes. That was after the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1942, and the school was under "military control" by Japan. The Japanese on the curriculum increased to 6 periods each week, while there were only 4 periods of mathematics and 3 periods of English. The students were very dissatisfied. In order to suppress the students' dissatisfaction, the school authorities announced that those who failed in Japanese would not be allowed to graduate and would not be able to advance to high school. The students were in an uproar. The Wende Party branch studied this situation and decided to stop taking Japanese classes mainly in the third year of high school and junior high school, while other classes created public opinion to support and cooperate. Party member Dai Xiaomei and several activists contacted the classmates and reached a consensus: they did not enter the classroom during the Japanese class to show confrontation; after entering the classroom, the Japanese instructor did not answer questions; anyone who answered was a traitor. After the implementation of this action plan, the school authorities were very angry, but they were afraid that the situation would escalate, so they had to call the squad leader for a training, and gave Dai Xiaomei and Zhang Huaizhu serious demerits. This was to regain some face for the Japanese instructors, and that was the end of it. . This strike broke the Japanese notion that the power of instructors is sacred and inviolable.
5. In the autumn of 1942, the city’s party organization opened a student cultural cram school at the Dongguang Road Christian Church. Lang Jinyun, a teacher at Dongzhen Primary School, was in charge of tutoring students’ homework without charging tuition. The purpose was to connect and unite parents. After the first period, the class developed into literacy class for adult women . About 30 students, parents and female workers participated in the study.
In 1943, Liang Xiu was responsible for setting up another literacy class at No. 27 Yangming Road. More than 20 female workers from East Asia Cigarette Factory participated in the study. The textbooks used are public primary school textbooks, and the actual teaching materials are self-edited textbooks. Every half month or month, Yang Zhen will talk about current affairs for everyone. Most of the content is to find news from official newspapers and analyze it, so that everyone can know the truth about the anti-Japanese battlefield. Literacy classes teach songs once a week, and the songs are popular movie interludes, such as "Echo Song" and "Fishing Light Song" from "New Women". Some of the people who participated in the literacy class became red groups, some were of great help to the work of the underground party, and some protected Yang Zhen and Mei Shan regardless of the risk of being implicated.
At the end of 1943, due to personnel changes, the above two literacy classes were suspended.
(3) In terms of united front work
Since Xie Mingqin came to Qinghai, city organizations began to pay attention to the work of uniting the upper class of society. In the autumn of 1943, the United Front Work Group under the specific leadership of Yang Zhen made extensive contact with Sun Zijun, Li Yannong, Liu Songru, Xu Xianzhang, Li Zhijian and other well-known national capitalists on the island and their families through relatives and friends of Sun Shengwu (Zuo Yi's father), one by one. Carry out work, publicize the tendency to resist Japan, and fund the Eighth Route Army's anti-Japanese struggle. Qingji Rubber Factory, Luoli Trading House, Siyi Pharmaceutical Factory, and Dacheng Automobile Co., Ltd. founded by Cui Guozhang, Sun Zijun, Sun Shengwu and others delivered medicines, medical equipment and other urgently needed materials to the Jiaodong base area many times during the Anti-Japanese War.
In the autumn of 1944, changes occurred in Sun Shengwu's family, and conflicts intensified. Zuo Chen (formerly known as Sun Dechang, Zuo Yi's younger brother) went to Jiaodong to study, and Zuo Yi moved to No. 13 Dongguang Road to hide. Only Meishan and Sun Weiqi (formerly known as Sun Shumin, Zuo Yi's sister) continued to work at home.The reason why they can persevere is due to the public support and practical care of some United Front relations. In 1945, some underground party members were arrested, so Meishan evacuated. Sun Weiqi insisted on withdrawing to the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee (Majiabozi, Wulong County) until January 1946.
After the news of Japan’s surrender on August 15 came, Yang Zhen sent political traffic Zhang Min to contact the municipal party committee. The instructions brought back were: actively carry out preparations for an armed uprising, and cooperate with the inside and outside to liberate Qingdao.
html On August 22 and 23, Li Yanwu, the Organization Section Chief of the Urban Work Department of the Jiaodong District Party Committee, entered the city and lived at No. 13 Dongguang Road. He immediately summoned Yang Zhen, Zhang Liao, Liu Qi, Song Hai, Zuo Yi, and Mei Shan to convey the message Organize an armed uprising and cooperate with others to liberate Qingdao. Li Yanwu formed a leadership group with Yang Zhen and Zhang Liao to comprehensively command the work of the armed uprising. After the specific tasks were assigned, party members and red groups at several bases of the Women's Special Branch immediately began publicity and mass organization work. The work of instigating rebellion and gaining armed forces was in the hands of Li Yanwu and Yang Zhen. Liu Qi worked for the disintegration of the police regiment; Gao Kejian worked for the puppet police brigade through connections. Zuo Yi assisted Teng Lin (Ding Yuanbin) in fighting for several inspectors in the Taitung branch; Mei Shan publicized at the upper levels of society and tried to find connections and opportunities to open up military leaders through upper-level relationships. Liang Xiu and Zhang Min went to the suburbs and passed through Zhang Peiqi, Liu Wenshu, East Asia Tobacco Factory (later changed to Continental Tobacco Factory), Yizhong Tobacco Factory, Sifang Machinery Factory, Shunxing Road Primary School, Qilu Rubber Factory (now Qingdao Rubber Factory No. 2), Xiao Zaoyuan Contact Station. In May, according to the instructions of the municipal party committee, Liang Xiu handed over the work of Shenggong Girls' High School to Zhang Liao. Soon, Zhang Liao and others withdrew because some comrades had been exposed in the "anti-examination" student movement last year.
After the student work was handed over to Zhang Liao, Liang Xiu specialized in worker work. From then until the liberation of Qingdao on June 2, 1949, the branch conscientiously implemented the spirit of the Sunjiagou Meeting of the Municipal Party Committee, widely united the masses, used various forms to carry out propaganda work, developed political power, and paid more attention to the use of legal conditions and forms. struggle.
From 1946 to the liberation of Qingdao, the organizational profile of the branch was: Secretary Liang Xiu, organization member and political communications Zhang Min, and propaganda committee member Li Zhongling. Party members include Liu Wenjing, Xing Guilan, Xiao Shumei, Lu Wenyi, Yang Luyuan, Qu Yaochen, Xu Yan, Zheng Huiyu, Wei Lixiu, Wei Like, Liu Hongbin, Zhang Peiqi, Wang Zunkong, Wang Daokong, Xu Jianchun, Fang Meixiang, Yang Fu Jiang, Gao Yulan, Gao Yuting, Wu Guiqin, Ding Mengzhi, Wang Xiaolan, Zhang Bingqian, Liu Wenshu. These comrades united some people in various factories and formed an active force.
From the winter of 1945 to the liberation of Qingdao, under the leadership of the Municipal Party Committee, the branch's level of understanding and the art of struggle continued to improve.
Meishan (1923-2015) was originally named Liu Wenyi. Joined the Communist Party of China in 1941. He has successively served as the branch secretary of the Qingdao Municipal Girls' Middle School and the private Wende Girls' Middle School of the Communist Party of China, the deputy secretary and instructor of the Party branch of the Jinkou Secret Works Station, and the editor of the Yantai Branch of Xinhua News Agency. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, she successively served as director of the Propaganda Department of the Qingdao Women's Federation, deputy director of the Urban Industry Department of the Shandong Provincial Women's Federation, director of the sales department of Teng County Department Store, consultant to the Taitung District Government of Qingdao City, and chairman of the Taitung Political Consultative Conference.
Teacher Xu Jianchun’s daughter Xu Xie:
Thank you, Rougang, for providing such detailed information. During the Cultural Revolution, my mother was called a traitor. Although he didn't suffer any physical pain, he almost suffered a mental breakdown.
Xie Mingqin lives in Xiaoyushan. I went to other places later. He said that the Cultural Revolution Team visited his home to investigate. He said that Xu Jianchun behaved very well and kept confidentiality very well.
Zuo Yi and Mei Shan are husband and wife, and they also provided proof.
When my mother was still alive, the couple often visited my home, and I also visited their residence on Huangshan Road.
Today, the school history exhibition hall of Qingdao No. 2 Middle School still hangs a photo of my mother, introducing the history of her participation in construction work. (Last year, my son and his classmates went to his alma mater. Principal Sun Xianliang warmly received them and took them to visit the school history exhibition hall. Some of them recognized my mother and exclaimed: Isn’t this grandma?
Fast forward so many years The past has passed, this person has gone, and those who are alive should live well.
Thanks again, thank you for your hard work.
Thanks again, thank you for your hard work.
