Although Tibet is mainly committed to Buddhism, Buddhism is an alien culture, and the ancient religion in Tibet is actually Bon religion, also known as Bon religion. The Bon religion was the original Bon religion, and later, Xinrao Miwo founded a religion, called Yongzhong Bon religion. The original Bon religion is not the same as the Yongzhong Bon religion. The Yongzhong Bon religion incorporates new teachings and creates new religions, with systematic theories and corresponding canon rules. The Bon religion mentioned later is actually Yongzhong ben tuition.
1. Category:
Original Bon religion: This religion worships natural objects such as heaven, earth, sun, moon, mountains, rivers, plants, animals, etc. They believe that "all things have spirits", offer sacrifices, pray to all things, or thank or atone for their sins, and hope to be blessed. The original Bon religion and shamanism actually belong to the same category. They almost all use wizards or priests to conduct religious activities for divination, praying, spells, sacrifices and various special rituals. However, the spread range is large. Bon religion is basically limited to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau , which is believed by only Tibetans and a very small minority ethnic minorities; while the shamanism is spreading very broad, starting from Bering Strait in the east and ending at Scandinavian Peninsula in the west, spanning two continents of Eurasian in the two continents. It is believed by Ural or Altaic language ethnic groups engaged in fishery and nomadism.
The original Bon religion attaches importance to the ritual of killing animals and exorcising evil spirits. There are many records in the Dunhuang documents about Bon wizards killing animals and offering sacrifices. For example, the Tibetan document "The Three Realms of Princess" records a major sacrifice activity during the Chisong Dezan . According to the records of "The Biography of Yixi Choujie in the Beast" (Old Woodcut Edition of Lhasa), the Bon religion holds a "deer antler festival" every autumn, killing many male deer together and offering a sacrifice of flesh and blood. In winter, a Bon God Festival will be held, killing 3,000 male animals such as , yaks, , sheep, goats, etc., and dismembering 1,000 female animals such as yaks, sheep, goats, etc., and offering sacrifices with flesh and blood. A dismembered doe festival will be held in spring, breaking four deer four hooves and offering sacrifices with flesh and blood. In summer, the ancestors of this religion will be held, and various trees and grains are used to burn tobacco. When a person is sick and in pain, he should give alms and redeem his life. Depending on the economic situation, most of them will kill the male animals, each of the female animals will sacrifice 3,000, each of the female animals. (I actually have doubts here, because Yongzhong Bon religion opposed killing and sacrifice, and the Bon religion of this period should be Yongzhong Bon religion. It is logical that it would not be so large-scale sacrifices. Maybe the original Bon religion and Yongzhong Bon religion did not strictly distinguish )
Yongzhong Ben Teaching: Ancient Xiangxiong Prince Xinrao Miwo, Ancient Xiangxiong Kingdom was a great country that spanned Central Asia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in ancient times. Therefore, Yongzhong ben religion has a certain relationship with Buddhism. The descendant of Yongzhong's sect, Tibet, during the reign of Zhigongzanpu and Budegongjie, can be divided into nine schools: four schools of the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in the sect in Because the four sects of this sect are: Langxin Baitujian (mainly praying for blessings and attracting wealth), Chuxin Baicun Jian (mainly sacrifices to eliminate disasters), Chaxin Jiudijian (mainly divination and doubts) and Duxin Cun Chajian (mainly leading to life and death and peace). The original teaching includes "Gene, Aga, Zhasong, and Yesin, and there is another supreme vehicle, collectively known as 9 vehicle ". Xinrao Miwo's opposition to killing sacrifices, he used tsampa and ghee to form various colored flower plates to replace the animals that were to killing sacrifices in the primitive Bon religion and achieved success: called "pile" or "yeah". This is the original origin of Doma and ghee .
Yongzhong Bon Buddhism promotes basic doctrines such as eliminating evil and doing good, cause and effect, pain in reincarnation and happiness in Nirvana, and advocates learning and practicing at the same time, and pays special attention to practicing the Great Perfection Secret. Yongzhong Bon Buddhism claims to be the original teaching of the Mahayana immortality. All teachings are divided into nine vehicles. They first talk about worldly affairs, and then talk about transcendental methods. They have the same theory of the five paths and ten stages as Buddhism, the sixth level doctrine and the four tantric methods. They pay attention to the introduction of the teachings to take refuge in the Three Jewels first. When practicing tantra, you must practice the three fundamentals of offerings, and make your mind to benefit sentient beings everywhere.
2. Development history: is roughly divided into three periods, namely the polybenzene period, the chabenzene period, and the quinzene period.
Polybenzene Period: Regarding the situation of the Polybenzene Period, Tibetan classics record: "However, in the Bon religion at that time, there were only magics to conquer ghosts and monsters below, sacrifice to gods above, and prosperity in the middle. There was no Bon religion's opinion." From this we can see that this period was actually the period of the original Bon religion.
Chaben Period: Bon religion has developed significantly during this period. This is mainly attributed to Zhigong Zanpu's enlightened measures, such as "they invited three Bonbo disciples from three places, including Kashmir , Bolu , Xiangxiong , and Xiangxiong to hold religious activities such as super recommendations for evil spirits." It should be at this time that Xiangxiong Yongzhong Bon religion introduced Tubo , and combined with the original Bon religion, forming a Bon sect with doctrines, formal rituals, religious organizations and religious theories.
号的合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合合�
1. Early years of staying at benzene: from Songtsen Gampo to Chisong Dezan. Legend has it that during this period there was a Banzhida wearing a green skirt. He buried a classic that was not righteous, and dug it out after a period of time, and created a new sect as a classic of Bon teachings.
2. In the middle period, the benzene: roughly from Chisong Dezan to Langdama's destruction of Buddha. During this period, the conflict between Bon religion and Buddhism was the strongest. During this period, Bon religionists converted some Buddhist scriptures into Bon scriptures. At the same time, during this period, the Bon religion was destroyed, and many scriptures were buried in various places, so the Bon religion was hidden behind them. In 913 AD, three monks of the Bon Buddhist scriptures accidentally discovered three suitcases in the Samye Monastery Sutra Hall. Many Bon Buddhist scriptures have been spread throughout Tibet. Two major inheritance systems of treasure and non-treasure are born in Bon literature.
3, late period: from the end of the Buddha's destruction to the later period of Buddhism. During this period, because the Tubo Dynasty split and collapsed, Bons could freely inherit and develop religion, which included the act of changing a large number of Buddhist scriptures into Bon scriptures. Therefore, the Bonbo Buddhism has its own compiled "Tripitaka", namely " Ganzhuer " and " Danzhuer " of the Bonbo Buddhism. In this regard, Buddhists believe that most of the scriptures of the Bonpo Buddhism, including the Tripitaka, are false sutras tampered with from Buddhist scriptures.
In 1405 AD, after the Bon master Nianmai Xirao Jiangzan built the Manru Temple in Later Tibet, the new Bon religion developed into Tibet with the Manru Temple as a base, and the Bon religion has since produced two schools of the new and old. Yongzhong Old Ben is derived from the ancient inheritance of Xinrao Miwo. It is a relatively pure Yongzhong Bon , with its unique Great Perfect inheritance system. Yong Zhongxin Ben: It is a new school tradition formed by the late Yong Zhong Bon religion and Indian Buddhism (mainly with Nyingma School ). The statue style and practice method of Xin Ben are integrated into some elements of Indian Buddhism.
3. Others:
After Buddhism was introduced to Tibet, Buddhism and Bon religion influenced each other. Buddhism absorbed a large amount of Bon content to form "Tibetan Buddhism", , and the various sects of Tibetan Buddhism basically followed most of the rituals of Bon religion and called it the treasure treasure. Bon Buddhism also turns scriptures, mani, and rosary, but the direction is exactly the opposite of Buddhism. The religious rituals and magic instruments of Bon religion are determined to rotate to the left (i.e., the direction of rotation counterclockwise), while all Buddhist sects rotate to the right (i.e., the direction of clockwise). Both religions have to recite the "Six-Syllable Mantra", but the mantras are different.
The main symbol of Bon religion is "Yong Zhongchaxin", which is composed of two "卍" connected together. literally means, "Yong" means ultimate truth without birth; "Zhong" means secular non-destruction; "Zhe" means subjugation and elimination of evil views; "Xuan" means introduction of liberation, "Yong Zhong symbols at both ends symbolize the exoteric and esoteric schools, and the connection between the center symbolizes the supreme perfection of the mind and consciousness.
Bon religion worships mountains very much, especially the famous sacred mountain in Xiangxiong, Gangdise Snow Mountain, which is called Bon religion mountain and Soul Mountain. It is a ladder to climb to the sky or the lower realm. The illusion of the ancestor of the religion, Xinraumiwo, also fell on the mountain. Other famous mountains, such as the Tang Gula Mountain, Qiangduo (Jiangduo) Mountain, are also famous sacred mountains of Bon religion.
In Tibet, Bon culture has long been integrated into the daily life of the Tibetan people and is everywhere. According to surveys by Tibetan scholars, there are currently nearly 100 Bon temples in Tibet, with more than 3,000 Bon monks and more than 130,000 religious believers. Among them, the Bon temples and believers in Nagqu and Chamdo are the most concentrated. In addition, there are also Bon temples and believers in Tibetan areas in Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinghai and other places, as well as in , Nepal , India and other countries. Since the 1980s, important Bon temples have been re-funded by state funding, which has greatly improved the situation of Bon temples.
Finally, I want to say that because there are very few books that introduce Bon religion, and the places where Bon religion are introduced vary greatly, there are basically no similarities, and the above content is just that I personally think is relatively reliable, so there are definitely many mistakes in this article, so there are no need to be too entangled, just think it is enough to understand it.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-