It is said that Jamyang I chose a site to build a temple in Tashi Banner on the banks of the Daxia River. After the main hall was completed, the monks and laypeople showed their respect and named the temple name "Lazhang" (i.e. Buddhist Palace) in front of it. Over time, the pronunciation changed. It was called "Labrang", and later the temple was named after the popular "Labrang". In 1721, Jamyang I left a will not to reincarnate again. After his death, it was announced by Fatai I Saitsang Ngawang Tashi Living Buddha, so there was no search for the reincarnated soul boy. However, the "will" was opposed by the 1st Living Buddha Dewatsang Lozang Thondup and others, and aroused the support of the monks of Labrang Monastery, which finally forced Fatai Ngawang Tashi to make concessions and re-announced Jamyang's reincarnation. After that, Ngawang Tashi identified the son of the Prince of Meng Banner in Henan as the reincarnated soul boy, while Luozang Dundup found the reincarnated soul boy named "Guo La". The two sides were in a stalemate and the position of Jamyang was vacant for a long time. It was not until Ngawang Tashi passed away in 1738 and Luozang Dhondup succeeded him that Guo La could be recognized as the reincarnated soul boy. In 1743, he was enthroned at Labrang Monastery, thus starting the inheritance of the "Jiamuyang" living Buddha system. .
Young Lama
Since the founding of the temple, Jamyang I founded Wensi College and Xubu Lower House, and II established Kalachakra College. During this period, with the support of the Qing court and Qinghai Mongolia, the scale of Labrang Monastery continued to expand. , the system of studying scriptures became increasingly perfect, and an academy system was established that mainly taught the two sects of Sutra and Esoteric Buddhism, supplemented by medicine, calendar, painting, etc. By the time of the third generation, Jamyang built a medical college, and during the fifth generation, Hevajra College and the Tantric Upper School were built, and various Buddhist temples were expanded, becoming one of the six major monasteries of the Yellow Sect. At its peak, there were more than 4,000 monks, and their reputation was far-reaching. With the increasing power of Buddhism, many temples and tribal people joined, thus forming a form of political and religious unity.
Overlooking Labrang Monastery
Labrang Monastery has many sub-monasteries. It is said that there are 66 temples in Gansu, 6 temples in Qinghai, 21 temples in Sichuan, 7 temples in Inner Mongolia, 5 temples in Tibet, 1 temple in Shanxi, Beijing 1 temple. In view of the different degrees of closeness between Labrang Monastery and its sub-monasteries, different management methods are implemented: the first is to control political and religious power, and Labrang Monastery sends personnel to manage all political and religious affairs of the temple and its affiliated tribes, that is, Labrang Monastery has Fully managed by Lengsi ; The second type only holds religious power, and Labrang Monastery sends Buddhist scriptures or scripture teachers, monks, officials, representatives, etc. to handle educational affairs, and government affairs are handled by the temple itself; the third type only has religious connections, and the temple independently has political and religious power. Labrang Monastery does not directly manage it.
Monks and the people
The people in the jurisdiction are generally divided into four categories: the first category is called the divine people, which are allocated to the temples by the Mongolian and Tibetan princes and nobles from the subordinate people. These people have multiplied from generation to generation and serve as temples. "Incense households" generally send their children to become monks and support temples with their labor output. They are generally managed by Labrang Monastery with full authority, such as Eleven Arrows in the Mongolian Banner of Henan, Qinghai, and Thirteenth Monastery near Labrang. Zhuang et al; No. The second type is called the political people, which are the tribal people controlled by Labrang Monastery using religious power. The temple appoints personnel to control the political and religious power, such as the Meiwu Five Tribes, Awancang, etc.; the third type is called the religious people, these people Headed by a hereditary official They are ruled by people, but they accept the influence and control of Labrang Temple in terms of religious beliefs, so the temple sends monks to preach or establish sub-monasteries to infiltrate, such as Yaduanmu, Tangkeer and other tribal people; the fourth category is called "Shuantou", which is related to In villages where Labrang Monastery has contacts, the Living Buddha Jamyang sends officials to the villages, and the locals are responsible for providing food and accommodation. In return, the villagers who send people to the temple will also receive courteous treatment. In addition, if there is a conflict in the village, Labrang Monastery will provide support or mediate.
Tribal people
The tribes to which Labrang Monastery belongs are managed separately according to their degree of dependence, both directly and indirectly through the division of political and religious power and through the management of sub-monasteries. To rule, three types of leaders, namely Guowa, Gengcabu and Chiwa, are selected to manage their temples and tribes. The term is usually three years. Among them, Guowa and Gengcabu are selected from 80 attendants of Jamyang Living Buddha. Chiwa is held by a living Buddha or a learned scholar.Labrang Monastery is stationed in Guowa to govern six tribes of gods. It has the power to call people to fight, and can intervene in civil and criminal litigation cases or other disputes. For tribes of gods with leaders, Labrang Temple indirectly controls them through the leaders. The people who rule the tribe; Gengcabu, the representative of Jamyang Living Buddha, is the plenipotentiary administrative officer sent by Labrang Monastery to the temple. , whose power is limited to temple administration, so his status is slightly inferior to Guowa; Chiwa is sent by Labrang Monastery to the affiliated temple to take charge of religious affairs, supervise all monks in the temple to study scriptures and abide by religious precepts. If there is only a religious relationship with the affiliated temple, Chiwa will Labrang Monastery only assigns Chiwa, but the temples affiliated with Labrang Monastery, which are affiliated with both political and religious matters, also assign Chiwa and Gengcabu to take charge of political and religious affairs.
Lama
The temple has a lot of temple property. The main living Buddha in the temple also owns a lot of land, pastures, forests, livestock, houses, etc. The ownership of the property also varies. For example, the public property of the whole temple is the property of all monks, and the six major colleges also have It is a public and private property, while the Jamyang Buddhist Palace and the Living Buddhas of different sizes have private properties. Of course, ordinary monks also have a small amount of personal property. Overall, the amount of property in Labrang Monastery is quite considerable. Before 1958, Labrang Monastery leased more than 21,700 acres of land. More than 900 households in 13 surrounding villages relied on renting acres of land. In Xiahe County alone, there were 365 sheep owned by Labrang Monastery. It has more than 00, more than 7,400 cattle, 9,540 horses, and operates more than 5,100 rental houses. In addition, the temple is engaged in loan sharking, commercial investment, believers' charity, and monks' fundraising, etc., and has accumulated huge wealth, so it has strong economic power.
Harvest season
Labrang Monastery is located in an important transportation area in the four provinces of Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu and Kangxi. It is the largest monastery in the area and has built temples in various places. It has always been supported by the central government and local powerful groups, as well as the surrounding Tibetan tribes. Dependence, thus forming an influential force.
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