Historical Accounts of the Eight Sects of Chinese Buddhism (1)

Three Discourses

Buddhism sects formed in China. It is called the "Madaka" school in India. It is mainly named after the spread of , Longshu and Deva's Madhyamaka thought. The three-part theory of Ermen Lun was named as San Lun Zong. If “ Dazhidu Lun” is added, it becomes the Four Lun Zong. The main idea of ​​Sanlunzong is to expound the thoughts of Prajna Sutra, so it is also said to be Prajnazong. Because Chuanruo's thought is about the theory of "nature emptiness", it is also called "nature empty sect."

is the earliest established sect among the eight major sects of Chinese Buddhism. Because of Rosh's prajna thoughts spread in China, it is exactly the ", Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" prosperous "Xuan Tan" During this period, Buddhism was also under the influence of metaphysics invisibly. At that time, there were also six schools and seven schools, such as Daoan, who promoted Prajna thought. It was not until the later period that Master Ji Zang vigorously promoted the thought of Mahayana Buddhism, and formed the ideological system of Sanlun Buddhism with Chinese characteristics and inherited the philosophical thoughts of the Indian Madhyamaka school. Also due to the vigorous promotion of Roche and his disciples, the Three Theory of Thought prevailed for a while. After the middle period of Southern and Northern Dynasties , due to the increasing popularity of classics such as "Cheng Shi", "Ten Land Scriptures", " Photo Mahayana Theory ",There was a situation in which all divisions came together on the land of China, and the theory of the Three Theory was plunged into a low ebb. At the time of Chen and Sui Dynasty, due to the erudition of Ji Zang master, he took the promotion of the three theory as his own responsibility, wrote books and opened the feast, so that the theory of the three theory was revived, and the thought of the Mahayana School of Madhyamika was inherited and carried forward. From

to in the middle of Tang , due to the prestige of Master Xuanzang, Buddhist thought was transferred to the doctrine of "sense-only", plus the Three Schools were not inherited, and gradually declined after the end of the Tang Dynasty, and basically reached the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Lost. The present three classics were copied from the Tripitaka by Yang Renshan back to China in the early years of the Republic of China, and then printed and circulated. However, there is still no one in teaching doctrines. In modern times, although masters such as Taixu Master and Master Yinshun taught Madhyamaka thought, there are still no talents who can promote the Three Discourses.

Inheritance relationship of the Three Discourses: Manjusri-Dragon Tree-Deva- Rahula -Blue Eyes-Xuliyesuma-Kumarajiva-Sengzhao-Daolang-Seng Quan-Farang-Ji Zang-Hui Guan ─Fuliang─Zhizo

The Three Discourses originated in Sakyamuni and Manjusri, founded in Nagarjuna and Deva, and interpreted in Rosh, Sengzhao, promulgated in Sanglang and Sangquan, and mastered in Frang and Jizang . No school is created by one person, but is the result of the joint efforts of a generation. The reason why Sanlunzong recommended Sakyamuni and Manjusri as the first ancestors is because the only reason that Shijiazong recommended Maitreya Bodhisattva as the first ancestor. Master Dharma Zang said in the "Twelve Schools of Lunzong Zhiyi Ji": "Modern Tianzhu Nalanda Temple, there are two great teachers at the same time. Ji 颡 (sang), return to a different part... Jie Xian theorists have inherited , Maitreya, non-achievement, world relatives, zhong guardian, Nanda, according to "Deep Secret" and other sutras, "Yoga", etc. In theory, Ming Dharma is related to Mahayana, and widely divided into numbers... The wisdom of the teacher is far from Manjusri and Nagasu, close to Qingmu, Qingjian, according to the "Prajna" and other sutras, "Maddhism" and other theories, it is obvious that there is no Xiang Mahayana,It can be seen that Manjushri Bodhisattva was elected as the first ancestor of Sanlun Buddhism in order to compete with Vishi Buddhism. Therefore, from Manjushri’s Prajna thought to Maming to revive Mahayana Buddhism, Longshu and Deva Developed into the Madhyamaka school and formally became one of the two philosophical systems of Indian Buddhism.

1. The inheritance of the Three Discourses in India

Long Shu’s Madhyamaka thought has three major schools in India: one is The Nagarjuna thought inherited by Master Roche has formed today’s Sanlun Sect in China. In addition, it was passed on to Zhiguang by the disciples of Qingbian and Buddhism, and it was passed on to Dharma by Rizhao Master, and merged with Huayan Sect of China. The school is called the "New Three Theory", which is later than Roche, so it has nothing to do with the inheritance of the current Three Theory School. It was introduced into Tibet from the other school of Qingjian and Buddhism, forming two schools of "self-continuation" and "yingcheng". Become the Madhyamaka school of Tibet today. Self-sufficiency means self-reliance, represented by 孤护, that is, it was founded by itself; Yingcheng is accommodating, and the month is called the representative, which means that it is a tribute to the dragon tree. It was formed by Qingjian and Jihu respectively in in the first year of Guangde of the Tang Dynasty (Li Yu) in the first year of Guangde (AD 763) and the seventh year of Emperor Zong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 772) into Tibet twice.

II. Inheritance of Sanlunzong in China

Sanlunzong spread widely in India under the name of Madhyamaka School. When Venerable Kumarajiva Yu Hongshi welcomed him to Chang'an in the third year, he translated "Chinese After "On", "Hundred Opinions" and "Twelve Mentions", it gradually formed into the three theory of thought. In the inheritance, it is mainly passed on from the teaching and receiving of teachers. However, due to the existence of objective reasons, there was no obvious teacher inheritance for a period of time. It is inherited from the academic tradition. Therefore, the inheritance of Sanlunzong is passed on by teachers in form, in fact, it is compatible with the inheritance method of the combined use of academic traditions. Since Seng Zhao, there has been no teacher inheritance. The old saying of Koryo Lang (Seng Lang) passed on Guanhe , Just after listening to the Three Theory of Thought from the Buddhist circle of Chang'an where the Three Theory of Thought was taught, came to Jiangnan to promote the Three Theory of Thought.He did not learn from a teacher, so the inheritance of the Three Lun Zong in China is a combination of teachers and academics. Hexi Daolang was the main person who talked about the Three Opinions in Guannei at that time. Therefore, Daolang's inheritance of Sanlunzong in China is as important as Ma Ming's inheritance of Sanlunzong in India. It played a very important role for Sanlunzong in the later ZTE in China.

was originally popular in the south. In the first year of Qi Jianyuan (AD 479), a Korean monk learned the three theories from Beidiguan. At this time, he came to the south to live in the south of Qixia Temple and talked about the three theories. "Reality" is the Hinayana, which enabled the spread of Sanlunzong in the south, and Seng Lang was promoted as the third ancestor of the Sanlunzong in China. Liang Wudi respects him for his proficiency Mahayana Buddhism , once sent ten people to learn the three teachings from the Sang Lang. Only the monk interprets his teachings and inherits the system of the Sang Lang. He is the fourth ancestor of the three teachings in China. There are four major disciples under Seng Quan who are known as the "Four Friends of Quangong", and they are known as "Four Sentences, Comprehension and Debate, Courageous Writing, and Prosperity". Since then, Sanlunzong went out of the mountains and forests and entered the city, laying the foundation for the spread of Sanlunzong in the south.

Qixia Huibu, vows to "swear not to speak, but to protect and support." Zeng traveled to the north Qi Guo to get close to Zen. Yu Qixia asked the Zen master to protect the Zen people, which greatly changed the style of Sheshan's study. Huibu pays attention to the empirical evidence of the incompetence, and he is pleased to practice meditation. Changgan Xuan argued, comprehending that the monk's interpretation of the method of "the false meaning" is different from that of Farang. He lived in Changgan Temple and talked about three theories. Master Ji Zang was called "the teacher of the false". The Zen people are wise and brave, live in the great Zen temples, and have talked about the three thoughts for 18 years. The reputation is great, and the talk is continuous, so he is called "artistic courage". But because Huibu focuses on empirical evidence, it is close to Zen . The two divisions of Yong and Debate are not popular. Therefore, only Farang is the only person who can inherit the interpretation of the Buddhist monk in the mountains, and he is listed as the fifth ancestor of the Three Ons Sect in China. There are many talents under Farang School, and they are called "Langmen Twenty-Five Zhe" from Bashu in the west, Wuyue in the Antarctic, and Hebei in the north. At that time, the Three Discourses and One School was popular in China. Could it be the bachelor of the Xinghuang Family, and the Three Discourses became a grand occasion.

Although there are many disciples under the Falang school,And the law school of Ji Zang Wei Chuan San Lun is listed as the sixth ancestor of China San Lun Sect. There are more scholars under Ji Zangmen, but there are five outstanding ones, which are called "Zangmen Five Heroes". So that the Three Theory of Law not only spread all over the country, but also traveled abroad, east to Japan. But finally, because of the successive rise of Tiantai, Huayan, and Dharma sects, the method of the three theory was gradually neglected, and it was in decline. Although the late Yuankang, Daoliang, Chengguan and others revived the Three Theory School, they still withdrew from the historical stage of Chinese Buddhism at that time.

The Inheritance of the Three and Three Sects in Japan

There are Three Sects in Japan, which were introduced by the disciple of the Master Yoshizo, Goryeo Huiguan. The earliest Buddhism in Japan was when the King of Baekje (now South Korea) presented Buddha statues and scriptures in the seventh year of Qinming (538 AD), and Buddhism was introduced to Japan. Legend has it that as early as the Asuka era, Sanlunzong had been introduced to Japan. Some people also think that Baekje Sengguanle, who came to Japan in the tenth year of Emperor Tugu (AD 602), was a scholar of the three theory. Later, the teacher of the Prince Shotoku was also a scholar of the three theory. However, in the Japanese academic circles, it is believed that pushed the ancient to Japan in 33 years (AD 625), Gao Li Hui Guancai formally introduced the Sanlun Buddhism to Japan. Therefore, Hui Guan is revered as the first ancestor of the Three Schools in Japan. There are many disciples such as Fuliang, Zhizang, and Sengmin. Among them, Zhizang is the son of Fuliang layman. He was originally a disciple of Fuliang. Because he learned the three theory from Hui Guan, he also entered the Tang Dynasty to learn the three theory with Ji Zang master during the Tianzhi period. , And then returned to Japan to live in Horyu Temple to preach three theories. Therefore, it is regarded as the second ancestor of Japan's Three Theories. There are three disciples of Daoji, Zhiguang, and Riko at Chizo. Among them, Daoji entered the Tang Dynasty in the reign of Dabao (AD 701) and then taught his disciple Yuanyao to study the three theory. After returning to China, he passed on his disciples and was promoted to be the third in Japan. On the third ancestor of the Zong. The first of good discussions was to live in Da'an Temple and promote the three theories, so it became the "Da'an Temple School". Zhiguang and Rikoichi lived in Yuanxing Temple and preached the three theory, so the "Yuanxing Temple School" was formed. As a result, the Japanese Sanron Sect formed divisions, which influenced the Buddhist circles in Japan at that time, and it was also the heyday of Sanron Sect in Japan. ,There are four major sutras and four minor sutras. The four major sutras are: Huayan Sutra, Nirvana Sutra, Dapin Prajna Sutra, and Dharma Hua Sutra; the four minor sutras are: Vimalakirti Sutra, Buddhism Sutra, All Dharma Sutras, Thinking Yi Brahman's questioning; the four theories are: the great wisdom theory, the middle theory, the hundred theory, and the twelve door theory. In addition, there are three works by Master Ji Zang, the master of the Three Discourses, on the Sanlunzong. There are mainly three works, namely the Sanyunzhang: the Sanlun Xuanyi, the Mahayana metaphysics, and the two truth chapters; , Twelve Schools on Shu; Three Classics: Dapin Yishu, Fahua Yishu, Vimalakirti Yishu.