1975, Shi Fujun, who was the political commissar of a division of the Lanzhou Military Region at that time, accidentally read the "Collection of Photography Works of Revolutionary War" published by People's Art Publishing House and accidentally discovered a photo of an old lady indicating targets for the People's Liberation Army artillery in the section of the Menglianggu Battle in the book.
Photo | Shi Fujun held a photo in his later years
Shi Fujun remembers that the person in the photo was either someone else or himself. He was the commander of the artillery company of the Second Column of the East China Field Army 30 years ago.
Although many years have passed, Shi Fujun is deeply impressed by what is in this photo, but he only doesn’t understand who the old lady who once indicated the enemy’s target for him back then?
Because of the urgent war situation back then, Shi Fujun just hurriedly asked about the target and hurriedly left, forgot to ask the aunt what her name was, so many years later, he could no longer find the trace of the aunt.
Is she still alive? How is the family situation?
Thinking of this, Shi Fujun couldn't sit still. He picked up a pen and wrote an article "Thinking from a historical photo" and sent it to the newspaper, hoping to attract the attention of all parties and find the aunt.
Menglianggu Battle
1947 After the end of Lunnan Battle , the Central China and Shandong Field Army officially merged and formed East China Field Army , which was under its jurisdiction, eleven columns and a special forces column. The main force gathered in Linyi, Shandong.
KMT Army Command judged that our army suffered heavy casualties after the Subei Battle and the Southern Shandong Battle, and decided to mobilize 23 reorganized divisions to launch the "Lunnan Battle" to completely solve our army. However, in Laiwu Battle, in , the commander of the second enemy on the northern line, Li Xianzhou commander of the second enemy on the northern line, Li Xianzhou 50,000 troops were prominently located. The East China Field Army used a small force to attract eight reorganized divisions on the southern line, and the main force did not intend to move northward. In addition, Han Liancheng, the commander of the 46th Army lurking within the Kuomintang, completely wiped out the 50,000 troops of the Kuomintang Li Xianzhou Group.
Although he ruined the 50,000 troops, Chiang Kai-shek did not care about it, but was very happy. He believed that he had captured the main force of our army's Chinese wilderness.
Starting from March 1947, Chiang Kai-shek changed the comprehensive attack to a key attack and marched into northern Shaanxi and Shandong with all his might. After the Laiwu battle, Chiang Kai-shek instructed the Army Commander-in-Chief Gu Zhutong to establish a command center in Xuzhou , concentrating 24 reorganized divisions to form 3 mobile corps. He still adopted the tactics of " to strengthen depth, close closely, steadily and gradually promote " , and advanced from south to north to the mountainous area of Shandong, intending to force our army to fight decisively.
Because the enemy is dense and difficult to fight, Chen Yi and Su Yu decided to launch mobile warfare in a very wide area to fully mobilize the enemy to force the enemy to expose gaps. This tactic was called "playing with lanterns" by Chen Yi.
Now on the Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall in Linyi, Shandong, the sentence that comes to your eyes as soon as you enter the door is:
"Play the dragon lantern, good tactics, command the enemy to run with me, turn around and shoot back, and tell him that no one can escape. In order to fight well, you are not afraid of running away, now head east and west, the enemy makes mistakes. In one battle east and one battle west, the victory becomes more and more beautiful."
However, the Kuomintang army suffered several losses in a row. No matter how Huaye mobilized, the formation will not disperse. Except for Huaye who wiped out the 72nd Division of the reorganized Tai'an in April, there was no greater result.
Picture | In May 1947, before the Battle of Menglianggu, Chen Yi (first from left) and Su Yu (second from left) visited the front line to inspect the artillery positions
For several consecutive months, not only the soldiers were physically and mentally exhausted, but even many cadres couldn't figure it out. The soldiers of the army even made up a rumor:
" "Commander Chen's telegram was ticking, and the soldiers' feet were scattering. ”"
Even Su Yu's memories of his later years were deeply impressed by this:
" Our war land is really lovely, and they are eager to fight with their heroic battles in exchange for victory in the war."
Of course, many soldiers were not aware of it. After the two major field troops in Central China and Shandong, the command of the battle was actually Su Yu, but the soldiers thought it was Chen Yi.
Strictly speaking, the situation in Huaye was indeed very difficult at that time.
pic | Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall
Central also knew very well that after several months of continuous wars, the cadres and soldiers of Huaye were anxious. Re-generating power reminds you to "be patient and standby". As long as you have patience, you will always have a chance to annihilate the enemy.
Of course, at that time, Zhang Lingfu never expected that he would become the key to breaking the deadlock.
After Su Yu retreated his main force to the east of Laiwu and Xintai, Chiang Kai-shek believed that our army was actually unable to fight again, so he instructed Gu Zhutong to pursue boldly.
On May 10, 1947, Gu Zhutong ordered three corpses to Boshan and Yishui advance on the front line, and in order to seize the merits, Tang Enbo , the commander of the First Corps of the Kuomintang Army, decided to focus on the reorganization of the 74th Division, and with the cooperation of the 25th Division and the 83rd Division, they attacked Tanbu in the Duozhuang and Taoxu areas.
Although Su Yu was a famous general, he could not fully predict the enemy's initiative. Although Tang Enbo's First Corps ignored cooperation, the eight reorganized divisions advanced together. With the strength of Huaye at that time, it was still difficult to eat in one bite.
5 On May 11, Huaye learned through investigation that the Seventh Army and the 48th Division of the First Corps of Tang Enbo were dispatched from Heyang . The location was relatively exposed. He was determined to concentrate the main force of Huaye and eat these two Guangxi army.
But on the way to march, Huaye learned from the prisoners that Zhang Lingfu's 74th Division was heading to Tanbu.
Tanbu is the command center of Huaye. Although Tang Enbo took risks, he could not help but say that it was a move. Miaoqi almost made our army do it.
pic | The small cart used for supporting the front is displayed in the Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall
Fortunately, Su Yu learned about Tang Enbo's deployment at the last moment, so he decided to take a tiger to get his heart out and destroy the reorganized 74th Division.
However, it should be pointed out that Zhang Lingfu did not underestimate the enemy and advance rashly. In fact, during the entire march, he was always very close to the reorganized 25th Division and 83rd Division. During the entire Menglianggu Battle, Huaye was braved with great wind. It was dangerous to penetrate through the gaps between the three reorganized divisions.
In order to defeat Zhang Lingfu, Huaye concentrated 5 columns and a special forces column, while the blocking forces were only the 2nd, 3rd, 7th, and 10th columns, as well as the troops in the military regions of Shandong South , Binhai, etc., but they had to block the enemy's Fifth Army , Seventh Army, 20th Division, 65th Division, 11th Division, 48th Division and other troops that were several times more powerful than their own.
It is impossible to say that the Battle of Menglianggu is also the most thrilling big game played by Huaye.
l7 Military and civilians' fish and water In the entire Menglianggu battle, not only the Huaye commanders and fighters fought bloody battles on the front line, but the people in central and southern Shandong areas' support for our army cannot be ignored. They implemented empty houses to clear the fields along the way of the Kuomintang army's attack, so that the Kuomintang army could not get food and grass supplements and intelligence. On the way of our army's attack, they actively burned fire and cooked to support our army's operations. 947 On the morning of May 16, 1947, the Menglianggu battle ended on the third morning, and the entire battle had already entered the finals. In the final stage, all the main outer positions of the reorganized 74th Division were lost and were fighting stubbornly.
Despite this, the Huaye Field Army still encountered many obstacles during the attack. The reinforced reorganized 25th Division and 83rd Division even tried their best to rush to Menglianggu. Their artillery power caused great damage to our army.
Shi Fujun, who was the company commander of the Artillery Company of the Second Column of the East China Field Army at that time, received instructions from his superiors to destroy a regiment of the enemy reorganized 83rd Division. According to intelligence, their regiment headquarters was in the shop in Liujiahetuan Village.
After receiving the order, Shi Fujun immediately led the artillery company to dispatch. However, when he opened the map, he was stunned. Because the map is not very accurate, the Liujiahe Duan Village may be too small and it is not marked on the map at all, so the specific location cannot be found, so how can we bombard it?
Just when Shi Fujun was extremely anxious, an old lady from in Yimeng Mountain District stood up. She pointed to the map and introduced the situation in the Liujiahe Duan Village in detail and told him the specific location of the store.
"The enemy is there."
Until many years later, Shi Fujun did not forget this sentence.
However, Shi Fujun did not notice it at that time. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zou Jiandong took pictures of the two people.
This photo has also become a representative of the relationship between the military and civilians in the Battle of Menglianggu and even the entire War of Liberation.
However, because the battle situation was urgent at that time, Shi Fujun did not ask the old lady in detail about the situation.
After determining the direction, Shi Fujun directed the artillery to continuously shell the village of Liujiahetuan, from morning to late at night, and constantly moved the artillery position forward until it was 70 meters away from the enemy position. Because of the accurate direction, the enemy on the opposite side was hit by the artillery and could not raise his head, laying the foundation for the entire victory of the battle.
In fact, just before the start of the Menglianggu Battle, the East China Bureau of the CPC Central Committee seriously deployed the support work, and did pre-war mobilization work in various liberated areas such as central Shandong, southern Shandong, and Binhai, and organized mass organizations such as stretcher teams, transportation teams, and militia teams. Under the full call, hundreds of thousands of people in Yimeng launched an unprecedented support movement.
Photos | Photos displayed in the Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall
Yimeng Mountain District was one of the four famous old areas in China during the War of Resistance and even the War of Liberation (the other three are Jinggangshan, Yan'an, Xibaipo ). The revolutionary spirit of the Yimeng Mountain District has been passed down from generation to generation to present. There is a sentence:
"The most important thing is: The last piece of cloth is made in military uniform; the last bite of rice is made in military ration; the last son is sent to the battlefield. "
In the Battle of Menglianggu, there were " Six Sisters of Yimeng " Zhang Yumei , Yitingzhen , Yang Guiying , Yi Shuying, Ji Zhenlan , Gongfanglian , who are most famous for their deeds.
They stood in the cold river with their thin bodies, building bridges for the soldiers to cross the river. During the entire Menglianggu Battle, they served as guides for the frontline troops, delivered ammunition, food and grass, made pancakes, washed military clothes, made military shoes, and cared for the wounded and sick. During the battle, each of them only had one meal a day, but had to travel back and forth for more than 20 miles of mountain roads.
According to incomplete statistics, during the Battle of Menglianggu, the six sisters alone led the village to bake 150,000 kilograms of cakes, more than 500 pairs of military shoes, 30,000 kilograms of military horses and fodder, more than 8,000 pieces of military clothes, and more than 1,700 kilograms of firewood.
More than half a century later, when Zhang Yumei talked about the feat of supporting the front line, she only said one sentence:
"I am afraid of death but not revolution, revolution is not afraid of death. Who told me to support (front), we are willing to support (front)!"
And in the entire Menglianggu Battle, there were 76,000 military and migrant workers in front, 154,000 permanent migrant workers, and more than 600,000 temporary migrant workers. The support work at that time was divided into two front lines, internal and external front lines, among which the migrant workers in front line were responsible for delivering materials to the front line, while the inner line was the elderly, women, children, etc. left behind in the village. They were responsible for raising and processing military supplies and taking care of the wounded.
Until May 16, 1947, the Menglianggu Battle came to an end. The reorganized 74th Division, which the Kuomintang army claimed to be ace, was completely wiped out by our army, and the division commander Zhang Lingfu was shot dead. After the battle, Chairman Mao sent a special congratulatory message to Huaye:
"Annihilation of the 74th Division was a lot of money, but it was of great significance."
To this day, in the Menglianggu Battle Memorial Hall, the deeds of the people in the Yimeng Mountains supporting the People's Liberation Army were still displayed, including a photo of an old lady in Yimeng indicating the target for Shi Fujun.
" Support the front line, I am not afraid of losing everything! "
The village chief of Huangjiayu Village Li Zaixu saw that the army had no firewood to cook, so he resolutely demolished his own "tuanpiao" (an old in Yimeng Mountains, a round cottage with stones and reeds as roofs) and cooked for the army.
An old lady Yang Huacai from Mengyin . He heard that the army was short of military shoes, so he handed over four pairs of them alone. After the war, the troops took photos of her. His four-year-old son stood barefoot and timidly behind his mother. After inquiring in the village, he realized that Yang Huacai's family was very poor. The child had not worn shoes since he grew up.
family lives in Mengyin County Jiang Yutang, 86 years old, is still impressed by his experience when he was supporting the front.
pic | The door panel of ordinary people says discipline "My fellow villagers are not at home, they break the law when they open the door"
Old man Jiang Yutang was the instructor of the Third Military Sub-district Ambulance Team of the Luzhong Military Region during the Battle of Menglianggu. During the battle, he was ordered to carry a stretcher to the front line and lift the injured soldiers off the battlefield.
"I remember that in a winter, when we marched with the large army, it rained heavily for several consecutive days, the cold wind was bitter, and the biting northwest wind was howling. The shoes we were wearing were worn and walked barefoot, but none of them were complaining about being tired, and none of them fell behind. "
The second day after the Menglianggu Battle started, the old man took the rescue team to the front line. Not only did he rescue the wounded, but he also told the team members not to add to the pain of the wounded. Because Jiang Yutang felt very sad when he saw the painful expressions of the soldiers being injured, and his hands were accelerated a lot. That time, he rescued more than 10 wounded people in one breath.
The old man was in high spirits Bo’s fan talked about that in the Battle of Menglianggu, the fire-line ambulance team he led rescued more than 300 wounded soldiers. Later, he was awarded the second-class merit of by the Third Military Sub-district of the Luzhong Military Region of the East China Field Army. There were countless examples like
. In those days, there were countless examples.
"Old lady, where are you? "
After many years, Shi Fujun saw the photo and remembered the old lady who showed him the target back then, and came up with the idea of seeing her again. After his article was published, It attracted the attention of Li Zuoyi, who was the director of the Office of the Mengyin County Party History Data Collection Committee at that time.
Pictures | Military and Civilian Fish and Water
Regrettably, although Li Zuoyi visited Mengyin several times, went to the village to collect battlefield stories, and asked if he knew about an old lady pointing targets for our artillery, almost everyone Everyone shook their heads and said they were not clear.
In May 2002, Mengyin County invited Shi Fujun, who was recuperating at the Hefei Retirement House of Lanzhou Military Region, to attend the 55th anniversary of the victory of the Menglianggu Battle and the groundbreaking ceremony of the National Defense Park based on the list submitted by the party history department. Shi Fujun told this story with tears at the ceremony site.
For a long time after that, Mengyin County invested a lot of manpower and material resources to find this old lady, but unfortunately there was no result.
Shi Fujun later said the reason why he was obsessed with finding this old lady.
It turned out that Shi Fujun had fought in the Yimeng Mountains in the past and was injured twice, both times in the Yimeng Mountains. The cover and care of the masses made him recover and returned to the army smoothly.
Not only that, Shi Fujun was mainly engaged in artillery in the wilderness of China. At that time, our army was not a mechanized army. All the artillery was transferred by shoulders and hands, and most of the areas that were fighting were in the water network area of Jiangnan. At that time, the artillery relied on the people to build pontoon bridges and were responsible for pulling cannons and carrying shells.
After the Central China Field Army went north to Shandong, the area of combat also changed. At that time, the Kuomintang army controlled the roads and railways. The artillery transfer did not require a floating bridge, but it could only walk in rugged mountains. For the convenience of troops' transfer, the artillery company led by Shi Fujun only retained two cannons and hundreds of shells, but even these two cannons were lifted, it was heavy and unusual.
Picture | The allusion of "Military and Civilian Fish and Water" published in the newspaper
Shi Fujun remembers very clearly that he carried these two cannons and fought in the north and south, all relying on the people in the Yimeng Mountain area. At that time, the Yimeng Support Migrant Workers' Battalion was responsible for carrying cannons and ammunition. Each cannon required 32 people to carry, and even women had to carry two shells on their shoulders to follow the army.
On that special and unforgettable day, the soldiers of the army formed an unswerving friendship with the people of the Yimeng Mountains.
reporter asked General Shi Fujun:
"Why did the Yimeng Aunt risk her life to indicate the target of our artillery?"
General Shi Fujun thought for a moment, and then replied:
"Because we are the soldiers of the people, the representative The fundamental interests of the people. "
Picture | The Six Sisters of Yimeng
Shi Fujun remembers that when he first joined the army, the instructor taught him to learn "Three Disciplines and Eight Points to Pay attention to ". As a member of the People's Army, he not only defends his home in battle, but also does not forget to help the people do good deeds in his spare time. Shi Fujun also told reporters that when he lived in a fellow villager's house, he had to follow the principle of "three no-leave":
"We didn't pick up the water all over the jar, we didn't leave; the ground was not swept away, we didn't leave; the things were not returned, we didn't leave."
Unfortunately, from beginning to end, we didn't find this Yimeng aunt, and she didn't even know what name was.
The person who took this photo was Zou Jiandong, a battlefield reporter at the East China Field Army Front Branch at the East China Field Army. Most of the photos we can see now reflect the photos during the Liberation War, especially the photos of the East China Field Army, were from his hands.
Although after seeing him, Zou Jiandong also devoted himself to visiting the protagonists in the photos taken that year, and although he also found a lot, such as Yan Hongying, a girl who sent the People's Liberation Army to cross the river during the Battle of Crossing the River in , unfortunately, this does not include the Yimeng aunt who indicated the direction for Shi Fujun.
On December 27, 2005, Zou Jiandong died in Beijing at the age of 90.
Pictures | Shi Fujun
General Shi Fujun has been committed to visiting this Yimeng aunt since the 1970s, but there was no result. In March 2013, General Shi Fujun also reached the end of his life. When he passed away, he still held the photo of that year in his hand and said over and over again:
"Auntie, who is your surname? Where are you?"
