[Introduction] Children's growth and development are always the topic of concern to parents. Congenital hypothyroidism is also what people often call "low A", which is a disease closely related to growth and development. Congenital hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease caused by insufficient thyroid hormone synthesis or its receptor defects. If not treated in time, it will lead to growth retardation and mental depression in the child. Enzyme deficiency in congenital thyroid dysplasia, ectopic or thyroid hormone synthesis pathways is the main cause of congenital hypothyroidism.
1. What are the symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism?
The early and late and severity of symptoms in children are related to the degree of hypothyroidism. Children with congenital thyroid or enzyme defects may experience symptoms in early infants. Those with thyroid dysplasia often experience symptoms at 3-6 months after birth, or even later.
There are usually no obvious symptoms or the symptoms are not specific during the neonatal period, and it is easily considered to be caused by other diseases. By carefully inquiring about the medical history, you can often find some clues: for example, mothers often experience less fetal movement during pregnancy, often due to expired delivery and huge babies, delayed fetal discharge, delayed elimination after birth, abdominal distension, constipation, umbilical hernia, etc., poor reaction to the outside world, low muscle tone, slow breathing, low crying, poor peripheral circulation, and spots on the skin.
Most children with congenital hypothyroidism often experience typical symptoms about half a year after birth.
- Special face and body shape: pale complexion, sparse hair, mucous edema on the face, wide distance of eyes, low nose bridge, thick lips and large tongue, often extending outside the outlet, and a short stature, long torso and short limbs.
- Nervous system Symptoms: Intelligent development is backward, expression is indifferent, and reaction is slow.
- Low physiological functions: poor mental health, quietness and less movement, poor appetite, drowsiness, slow breathing, heart sound, low bluntness, abdominal distension and constipation, etc.
2. How to detect congenital hypothyroidism early?
The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is about 1:3000 to 1:4000, which is not low, and it seriously affects the growth and intellectual development of children. However, the treatment is simple and easy and has significant effects. Therefore, early detection and early treatment are crucial.
Congenital hypothyroidism can be screened through neonatal screening, which is what we usually call collecting heel blood. Therefore, parents must pay attention to screening for neonatal diseases. Those who are positive for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) screening can be confirmed by dysfunction and thyroid ultrasound, and start treatment within 1 to 2 months after birth, which can avoid serious neurological damage and improve the treatment effect of children. After all, heel blood test is a screening method. If children with negative screening have high-risk factors or suspicious symptoms, they should also test their aphrodisiac test in time. Children with low or extremely low birth weight and premature babies may experience delayed increase. It is recommended to test their aphrodisiac test in time when they are 2 to 4 weeks after birth or if their weight exceeds 2,500g to avoid missed diagnosis.
3. How to treat congenital hypothyroidism?
"hyroxine" treatment is relatively simple and easy, which is thyroxine replacement therapy. This disease should be diagnosed early and treated as early as possible to avoid damage to brain development. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment should be specialized immediately.
4. What is the prognosis of congenital hypothyroidism?
Those who have positive neonatal screening have started regular treatment after diagnosis, and has a good prognosis. If treatment starts within 3 months of birth, the prognosis is still acceptable, and most intelligences can reach normal; if treatment is not detected early or only starts 6 months after birth, intelligent development is often damaged and irreversible.
After birth, children should actively undergo neonatal disease screening to ensure that every diseased child can be screened out in time, so that intervention, treatment and rehabilitation can be carried out as soon as possible. For newborns, the earlier the intervention, the better the treatment and rehabilitation effect.
[Experts in this issue]
Song Liangliang, a doctor at the new screening center of Shenyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and deputy chief physician. Member of the Children's Health Management Professional Committee of Liaoning Life Science Society and Member of the Pediatric Massage External Treatment Professional Committee of Liaoning Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine. For many years, he has been engaged in pediatric clinical and child care related work, and has rich clinical experience in children's growth and development, children's psychological behavioral development, prevention and treatment of nutritional diseases in children, and screening and diagnosis and treatment of neonatal genetic metabolic diseases.
[Experts in this issue]
Song Liangliang, a doctor at the new screening center of Shenyang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, and deputy chief physician. Member of the Children's Health Management Professional Committee of Liaoning Life Science Society and Member of the Pediatric Massage External Treatment Professional Committee of Liaoning Society of Traditional Chinese Medicine. For many years, he has been engaged in pediatric clinical and child care related work, and has rich clinical experience in children's growth and development, children's psychological behavioral development, prevention and treatment of nutritional diseases in children, and screening and diagnosis and treatment of neonatal genetic metabolic diseases.
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