飛機的俯仰是怎樣控制的
How is the aircraft controlled for the pitch movement?
In aeronautics, an elevator is a flight control surface that is used to control the position of the nose of an aircraft and is situated at the tail part. The aircraft elevators control the angle of wing attack by changing the effective airfoil shape of the horizontal stabilizer. Most aircraft have two elevators, one mounted on the trailing side and the other on a horizontal stabilizer allowing the pilot to control the plane’s pitch. Pitch is the movement around the lateral axis of aircraft. Unlike the ailerons, they rotate up and down simultaneously through linkage in manual or autopilot control aircraft and through the fly-by-wire systems in modern aircraft (such as A320).
在航空學中，升降舵是一種飛行控制面，用於控制飛機機頭的位置，位於飛機尾部。飛機升降機通過改變水平穩定器的有效翼型形狀來控制機翼的迎角。大多數飛機都有兩片升降梯，一個安裝在飛機尾部的水平穩定器上，以便飛行員控制飛機的俯仰。俯仰是圍繞飛機橫向軸的運動。它們通過手動或自動駕駛控制飛機的聯動俯仰，而現代飛機(如A320)利用電傳飛行系統操縱舵面的上下偏轉。
How does an elevator work in an aircraft?
An elevator is one of the primary flight controls deflected in flight that responds to the forward or aft movement of an aircraft control column or stick. The elevators work by the movement of control columns backward and forward.
升降舵是在飛行中發生偏轉的主要飛行控制裝置之一，它響應飛機駕駛桿或操縱桿的向前或向後運動。升降舵是通過控制桿的前後移動來工作的。
The horizontal stabilizer at the rear of the fuselage prevents up-and-down or pitching, the motion of the aircraft nose to keep the aircraft level in flight. The elevators at the rear of the stabilizer attached to each side of the fuselage generate and control the pitching motion of an aircraft by varying the amount of force generated by the tail surface through their movements.
機身後部的水平穩定器防止飛機機頭的上下或俯仰運動，以保持飛機在飛行中的水平。固定在機身兩側的尾翼尾部的升降舵通過改變尾翼表面產生的作用力來產生和控制飛機的俯仰運動。
If the elevator moves down, the camber of the horizontal stabilizer increases, and so does the lift. The additional lift on the tail surface creates an upward force away from the center of gravity, causing rotation around a lateral axis. As a result, the aircraft’s nose will rotate down about its center of gravity. This will prepare the plane to land. The opposite occurs when the elevators move up, i.e., the aircraft’s nose can be pointed up about the center of gravity, allowing the aircraft to climb. During take-off, elevators are deployed upward to increase the downforce on the tail to push it down and nose up to begin climbing out and accelerate the aircraft upwards.
如果升降舵向下移動，水平安定面彎度的增加，升力也增加。尾部表面的額外升力產生了一個遠離重心的向上的力，導致繞橫軸旋轉。因此，飛機的機頭將圍繞其重心向下旋轉。這將為飛機着陸做好準備。相反，當升降舵向上移動時，也就是說，飛機的機頭可以朝上，接近重心，允許飛機爬升。在起飛過程中，升降舵向上偏轉，增加機尾的下壓力，推動機頭向下，機頭向上，開始爬升，加速飛機向上。
