At 18:30 pm on November 23, the Long March 5 carrier rocket, which has been transferred to the launch tower of the Wenchang launch site in Hainan for 5 days, started filling liquid oxygen, and at 22:30, liquid hydrogen filling started. The countdown to the Chang'e 5 mission has entered.
From 4 am to 5 am on November 24th, Chang'e 5 will be launched at the right time. According to the official introduction, the Chang'e-5 mission will be my country's most complex space mission so far. Rome was not built in a day, and Chang'e was not built in one step. Before carrying out this complex mission, what stages did China's lunar exploration project go through?
Jiefang Daily·Shangguan News reporter will take you to review the years that China Chang'e has gone through.
Determined the target
In January 2004, the State Council approved the establishment of a lunar exploration project, named the Chang'e Project, and implemented it in three steps of "around, fall, and return".
In February 2006, the State Council's "National Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline (2006~2020)" was promulgated, clearly listing the "Manned Spaceflight and Lunar Exploration Project" as one of the 16 major national science and technology projects.
The first step:
mission undertaker : Chang'e-1 (the moon orbiting satellite)
Launch time: at 18:05 on October 24, 2007
Vehicle: Long March 3A carrier rocket
"No." was launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. achieved its first flight around the moon, completing the first step of the three-step lunar exploration.
Chang'e-1 orbit schematic diagram
Mission completion status:
transmitted from the lunar orbit back to the audio of "Singing the Motherland"
to obtain my country’s first, currently the world’s clearest and most complete full moon imagery
has returned more than 1.37TB The scientific exploration data
has been in orbit effectively for 16 months. The destination of
: At 16:13 on March 1, 2009, Chang'e-1 landed on the lunar surface with a controlled landing of the abundant sea area, and the first phase of the project was successfully completed.
Step 2: Landing
Mission undertaker 1: Chang'e 2 (Moon orbiting satellite)
Launch time: October 1, 2010 at 18:59
Vehicle: Long March 3B carrier rocket
"Chang'e II "No." was launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Chang'e-2 flew 100 million kilometers away, becoming my country's farthest spacecraft so far.
Chang'e-2 orbit schematic diagram
Chang'e-2 expansion test orbit schematic diagram
Mission completion:
detailed survey of the landing area for Chang'e-3
verified some key technologies
directly entered the earth-moon transfer orbit for the first time z2 The full moon map
with a resolution of 1.5 meters obtained the local three-dimensional image of the Hongwan area
with an image resolution of 1.5 meters. It is the first time to fly directly from the lunar orbit to the L2 point of the sun and earth to carry out scientific exploration. Completion of the close encounter
Destination: On December 15, 2012, Chang'e-2 flew into the deep space about 7 million kilometers away from the earth, passing by the asteroid Tutatis, becoming an artificial asteroid orbiting the sun , Currently more than 90 million kilometers away from the earth. It is expected to fly back to 7 million kilometers near the earth again in 2029.
Mission undertaker 2: Chang'e-3 probe
is composed of lunar soft landing probe and lunar patrol probe (Yutu lunar rover)
launch time: at 1:30 on December 2, 2013
vehicle: The Long March 3B carrier rocket
"Chang'e-3" was launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. On December 4, 2013, the first soft landing and patrol survey of Chinese spacecraft on celestial bodies outside the earth was realized.
Chang'e-3 orbit diagram
The Yutu Lunar Rover and the Landing Interaction Picture
The Yutu Lunar Rover autonomous sleep and wake-up diagram
Episode: Affected by the complex lunar environment, the Yutu Lunar Rover appeared abnormal before the second sleep. The Jiamusi Observation and Control Station of the Xi'an Satellite Observation and Control Center fought fiercely for more than 20 days and nights, and finally awakened the "Yutu" lunar rover, effectively testing my country's deep space exploration level.
Mission completion:
Yutu Lunar Rover took the "Chinese footprint"
five-star red flag on the moon to show the
lander and the lunar rover completed mutual shooting
took high-resolution full-color photos of the lunar surface, which was the first acquisition by mankind after more than 40 years The clearest picture of the moon.
Fate: After 19 months of overloaded work, the Yutu lunar rover officially retired from service and stopped working for 31 months, while part of the lander’s scientific payload was still working.
Queqiao: On May 21, 2018, the relay communication satellite "Queqiao" of the Chang'e 4 mission was successfully launched by the Long March 4C carrier rocket at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. The "magpie bridge" steadily moved in the orbit of the earth-moon gravitational balance point, solving the communication problem between the back of the moon and the earth.
Mission undertaker 3: Chang'e-4 probe
is composed of lunar soft landing probe and lunar patrol probe (Yutu 2 lunar rover)
Launch time: at 2:23 on December 8, 2018
vehicle: The Long March 3 B-to-II carrier rocket
Chang'e 4 was launched at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, completing the second step of the three-step lunar exploration.
Yutu 2's road, this is the panoramic camera quick view obtained by Yutu 2 on the eighth day of the month.
moon back color photo
Mission completion:
At 10:26 on January 3, 2019, Chang'e 4 successfully landed On the back of the moon, the first soft landing on the back of the moon was realized. The landing site was named Tianhe Base.
Chang'e 4 and Yutu 2 completed the mutual shooting of the two devices, and the five-star red flag was shining on the back of the moon.
sent back the world's first close-up image of the back of the moon.
realized the first low-frequency radio astronomical observation of the moon by humans
realized the first application of isotopic temperature difference power supply in China
realized the first lunar soil temperature monitoring during the moon night in China
completed the first human lunar biological experiment
the first sprout grew on the lunar surface
Up to now, Chang'e The No. 4 probe is operating normally, with energy balance, and continues its exploration journey on the far side of the moon.
Step 3: Back to
Mission undertaker 1: Chang'e 5 T1 tester "Xiao Fei"
Launch time: October 24, 2014 at 02:00 pm
Vehicle: Long March 3 C modified type 2 carrier rocket
The Chang'e-5 T1 tester "Xiaofei" was launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. Mission completion status of
:
completed the third phase reentry and return flight test of the lunar exploration project, and provided support for the sampling and return of Chang'e 5
Destination: November 1, 2014, the reentry return flight tester of the Chang'e 5 T1 tester The service cabin and the re-entry and return cabin "Wudi" separated normally before about 5,000 kilometers above the ground. Later, "Wudi" entered the atmosphere at a speed close to the second universe, landed in a predetermined area, and was successfully recovered by the landing station of the original Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center.
Mission undertakes 2: Chang'e-5 probe
is composed of orbiter, lander, ascender and returner
Launch time: November 2020
Vehicle: Long March 5 carrier rocket
Launch location: Wenchang, Hainan The satellite launch site
is about to achieve the third-step strategic goal of the lunar exploration project, laying the talent, technology, science, and engineering foundation for subsequent missions such as moon and planet exploration.
Schematic diagram of the process of Chang'e-5
mission:
Chang'e-5 is expected to achieve four firsts in China's spaceflight:
first automatic sampling on the lunar surface
first take off from the lunar surface
first unmanned rendezvous and docking in the lunar orbit 380,000 kilometers away
first returned to earth with the lunar soil at a speed close to the second universe
with the jade rabbit, Chang'e no No matter how lonely
has a magpie bridge, the back of the moon is no longer mysterious
has China aerospace
myth can also become reality
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-