Indonesian Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Rail Expressway EMU was launched on CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd. . The EMU is designed and manufactured based on the " Fuxing " Chinese standard EMU technology platform (photo taken on August 5, 2022) Photo by Jiang Chao
As one of the key core technologies of China's high-speed rail, the independent research and development of the CTCS-3-level train control system marks a breakthrough in China's high-speed rail technology and equipment field. Independent innovation has become the "core password" of China's high-speed rail
At the end of June 2021, my country's high-speed rail has safely operated 9.28 billion kilometers, equivalent to 232,000 circles of the earth and safely transported 14.12 billion passengers. It is recognized as the safest high-speed rail
. The world's recognized safest high-speed rail
allows more than 130 meters long, more than 300 tons, and 5 knots to be suspended on the track, and "flying on the ground" at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour. It is an epoch-making innovation in rail transit technology and one of the new goals of China's high-speed rail
article | "Outlook" News Weekly reporter Su Xiaozhou Duan Xu Wang Kai
htmlOn September 2, the first batch of Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railways made in China arrived in the port of Jakarta, Indonesia, marking another important milestone in Southeast Asia's first high-speed railway with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour built with Chinese standards.Every step forward in China's high-speed rail will engrave a new leading mark for China's manufacturing.
With the high-speed rail construction and equipment manufacturing technology system with independent intellectual property rights, China's high-speed rail has not only entered the high-altitude and plateau areas of the world's rooftops, achieving cross-sea bridges without slowing down, but also went overseas with "Chinese standards", contributing to the world's high-speed rail Chinese solution , constantly releasing its influence.
has gone from "one line" to "one network". By the end of 2021, China's high-speed rail operating mileage exceeded 40,000 kilometers. The ", four vertical and four horizontal " high-speed rail network is fully built, and the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail network is being encrypted and formed, reaching 93% of cities with a population of more than 500,000, achieving a normalized speed of 350 kilometers per hour and a total operating mileage exceeding 3,000 kilometers per hour. China's high-speed rail is like a vibrant "artery", redefining time with speed and changing regional economic layout with networking.
From nothing to something, from introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation to independent innovation, since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's high-speed rail has continuously achieved self-transcendence through independent innovation, expanding and extending greater space for China's development.
"starts" from zero
independently built the China High-speed Railway Brain
On March 19, 2022, the Beno section of the Hungary-Serbian Railway, equipped with China's independent high-speed railway train control technology, was officially launched and operated. As the main host of train control technology of Hungary-Serbia Railway, Jiang Ming, deputy chief engineer of China Tonghao Research and Design Institute Group, witnessed the first mature application of the complete set of CTCS-3 train control system with China's completely independent intellectual property rights in European countries.
train control system is the brain and nerve center of high-speed railways. It is the core system for high-speed, high-density and high-safe operation of high-speed railways. It is the core focus of world railway technology competition.
Before 2012, the application of my country's independent train control system was blank. In the early days, high-speed rail could only use imported "brains". It was not only expensive, but also subject to others. "We went to Europe with a humble learning attitude, but the technicians could not enter the other party's office area or the laboratory. All they could access was product instructions and courseware, and only project assistant and data configuration engineers. Not only were online operating equipment restricted by foreign parties in many aspects such as fault analysis, maintenance services and information security, but also encountered many uncooperation situations during the equipment shortage and maintenance process." Jiang Ming said.
can only achieve independent control and controllability if it fully controls all core technologies. China Railway Communications Signal Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as China Communications Corporation) gathered a high-end R&D team of more than 3,000 people in the entire system to prepare to overcome this difficulty.They discussed plans over and over again, carried out software and hardware development, and round after round of testing. They have achieved decades of technological leap in Western countries in three years, completed the research and development of a complete set of CTCS-3-level train control system with completely independent intellectual property rights and realized mature application, solved the problem of imported products being controlled by others in engineering construction support, operation and maintenance, information security, intellectual property rights, etc., and improved the intelligence and efficiency level, international competitiveness and information security level of China's train control equipment, and truly grasped the core technology of high-speed rail train operation control in their own hands.
In 2017, the CTCS-3-level train control system achieved a complete success on the Great Western Line for the first time, meeting the operation requirements of a maximum operating speed of 350 kilometers per hour and a minimum tracking interval of 3 minutes, and its performance is at the world's leading level.
In December 2020, China Tongda’s complete set of independent CTCS-3 train operation control system was equipped with He'an High-speed Railway , and completed a one-year overall matching test in December 2021.
In 2021, four domestic chips and Anda operating systems independently developed by the CTCS-3 level train control system have been applied. A batch of core equipment based on 100% domestic chips have entered the stage of industrialization and engineering. China's high-speed rail has 100% domestic "brain".
In 2023, China Tonghao’s full set of independent standards and products will be equipped with the Jakarta-Bandung High-speed Railway, creating the first "model project" for China’s high-speed railway to go abroad for the full system, all factors and all industrial chain.
As one of the key core technologies of China's high-speed rail, the independent research and development of the CTCS-3-level train control system marks a breakthrough in China's high-speed rail technology and equipment field, and also verifies that only independent innovation is the core code for achieving China's high-speed rail.
is not just a train control system, but the research and development of network control systems for Chinese standard EMUs has also started almost from scratch. One of the core functions of the network control system is the "real-time response" capability, requiring the running train to collect and feed back the ever-changing data into the "brain", which issues commands at a high speed in units of one thousandth of a second and one millionth of a second to direct the speed of the speeding train.
"Fuxing" EMU overall technical expert group, chief researcher (referred to as the Academy of Railway Sciences) Zhao Hongwei recalled the situation at that time: "If you can't buy a network chip, you will develop it according to the communication protocol standard; if you can't buy a network card, you will develop network card based on the chip. This time, we no longer rely on foreign technology and no longer 'patch' on other people's platforms."
This is a collaborative innovation of "production, education, research and application". Zhao Hongwei led the team to break through the high-speed train network control system and core technologies, and organized the construction of an independent network control system software and hardware system platform.
developed and applied TCN gateway for the first time, realized Ethernet train control for the first time, and realized high-speed EMU network constant speed control for the first time... The Academy of Railway Sciences and CRRC Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Institute Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CRRC Zhuzhou Institute of Locomotives) simultaneously developed a successful network system, and applied the most cutting-edge network control technology - the key technology of on-board real-time Ethernet on the "Fuxing".
OEMs are also working hard in the "no man's land". The software system is invisible and intangible. Chang Zhenchen, deputy chief engineer of , CRRC Changke Co., Ltd., said that there was a temperature display failure that made everyone very distressed. The team took more than two months to "chew" one by one line before they found the problem in tens of thousands of lines of code.
China CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as CRRC Sifang) R&D team built a 1:1 simulation test bench on the ground, and verified item by item on the hundreds of working conditions corresponding to the selected control strategy algorithm to ensure that the brain can command train operations smartly and efficiently.
Zhao Hongwei clearly remembers that on July 15, 2016, two Chinese standard EMUs successfully completed the cession test on the Zhengzhou-Xuzhou High-speed Railway. The high-speed rail EMU train is planned to run at a speed of 420 kilometers per hour for the first time.
On June 25, 2017, the Chinese standard EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights was officially named "Fuxing".
At present, my country has formed a series of "Fuxing" products covering different speed levels such as 160-350 kilometers per hour, and can adapt to various operating environments such as plateaus, high cold, wind and sand. Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering Liu Youmei said that from introduction to independence, the core issue is to form an independent technical team and supporting industrial capabilities. Only with independent innovative products can we ensure the realization of the " Transportation Power " strategy.
collaborative "race" to cultivate excellent performance
keeps improving, making "Fuxing" the main technical indicators such as operation speed, safety, comfort, energy conservation and consumption reduction, the world's best. This kind of superiority of comprehensive performance requires the system progress of upstream and downstream collaboration and technical systems. The "Fuxing" flying on the ground requires strong traction power. It is not just the large torque , but the requirements for the power density, noise, harmonic , electromagnetic compatibility and other performance indicators of traction motor are very strict. This is a key technical indicator for whether the comprehensive performance of the "Fuxing" vehicle is at the world's leading position.
In order to ensure the successful development of the traction motor's main and auxiliary traction converter , CRRC has concentrated its advantageous resources and conducted many discussions on various performance indicators, new functions, external interfaces, technical details, etc., and finally overcomes the technical difficulties: integrating traction converter, auxiliary converter and cooling system, with the advantages of high integration, high power density, and easy maintenance, and all indicators have reached the international leading level.
"Fuxing" needs to run fast and steadily, and it needs to overcome the problem of shock absorption of bogie . Zhang Zhenxian, director of the development department of CRRC Quadrail, said that in order to find the optimal suspension parameters, the R&D team compared and matched dozens of parameter combination plans, and conducted more than 110 trial research and experiments before and after, and finally achieved a smoothness index of less than 2, which was better than the national standard of "less than 2.5, it is the best grade". The body of the
high-speed rail train is mostly welded and assembled by various high-performance metal sheets such as aluminum alloy. "Welders are an important job in the production process of high-speed rail. Every weld is related to train safety." chief operator of Changke in Li Wanjun said that even if there is an error of 1 mm, the parts will not be installed and cannot be tightly integrated.
A "Fuxing" high-speed EMU will use nearly 100 wire types, nearly 20,000 wires, and about 100,000 wiring points. They are the "nerves" of the train. Wiring, a seemingly simple small process, is a major problem in the assembly of EMUs. In the early stages of research and development, in the data transmission connector, the seven metal needles in the core part were distributed in a circular range of only 5 mm in diameter. Each "needle" must be welded in place, such as embroidering the needle tip with an welding gun . Hu Junxiang, a senior technician at CRRC Changke, achieved a 100% pass rate with the "ultra-intensive environmental electrical welding" technology he has practiced over the years and repeatedly tested.
In April 2022, the new "Fuxing" high-speed comprehensive inspection train independently developed by my country and the world's leading new "Fuxing" is launched online. As a new technology verification platform for high-speed EMU, the vehicle participated in the preliminary test of the development of CR450 EMU. On April 21, the single train on the Jinan-Zhengzhou high-speed railway successfully achieved a single train speed of 435 kilometers per hour and a relative junction speed of 870 kilometers per hour in the Puyang-Zhengzhou section of the Jinan-Zhengzhou high-speed railway, creating a world record for the junction speed of open lines and tunnels of high-speed railway EMU trains. Behind the repeated world records of
is that China's high-speed rail insists on putting ourselves first, open cooperation, and self-reliance and self-improvement, providing an efficient practical path for high-speed rail technology to achieve a major leap from following to leading, and forming a world-class advanced high-speed rail technology system with independent intellectual property rights.
——In the field of high-speed rail technology and equipment. CRRC is based on the "Harmony" EMU, and has successfully developed the "Fuxing" Chinese standard EMU with completely independent intellectual property rights and the world's advanced level. Among them, the "Fuxing" intelligent EMU has realized the automatic driving function at a speed of 350 kilometers per hour for the first time in the world, marking the entry of China's high-speed rail into the era of intelligence.
—In the field of high-speed rail engineering construction. To adapt to the complex and diverse geological and climatic conditions in my country, China Railway Corporation, China Railway Construction Corporation, etc. have overcome a large number of global technical problems in high-speed railway subgrades, rails, long bridges, long tunnels, large passenger stations and system integration, and have systematically mastered the complete set of technologies for building high-speed railways under different climate environments and geological conditions.Six world-class large-span high-speed railway bridges with main spans of more than 500 meters, including the Shanghai-Sutong Railway Yangtze River Bridge, the Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge, and the Wuhan Tianxingzhou Bridge, were built; more than 100 Changda high-speed railway tunnels with main spans of more than 10 kilometers, including the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway Shiziyang Tunnel and the Xicheng High-speed Railway Qinling Tunnel Group.
—In the field of high-speed rail operation and management. We have fully mastered the complete set of high-speed rail operation and management technologies under complex road network conditions, and innovated high-density cross-line transportation scheduling technology for high-speed trains of different speed levels under complex road network conditions. We have solved the transportation organization problems such as marshalling of different EMUs, different speeds, long distances and cross-line operations, and achieved high-density and bus-based operation of busy high-speed rail trunk lines and intercity railway trains. The departure interval during peak hours is only 4 to 5 minutes.
—In the field of high-speed rail production safety. We have fully utilized the role of science and technology to ensure safety, deployed more than 2,700 monitoring points in the intelligent "Fuxing" EMU, developed on-road monitoring technologies for train operation such as self-perception, health management, fault diagnosis, etc., and achieved all-round real-time monitoring of train operation; established an online monitoring system for high-speed comprehensive detection vehicles, detection and sensing devices along the line, etc., and used big data analysis to achieve accurate grasp of the operating status of high-speed railway infrastructure; developed natural disaster monitoring, foreign object invasion limit alarm and earthquake monitoring and early warning systems, realizing three-dimensional prevention and control of natural disasters and public security risks.
As of the end of June 2021, my country's high-speed rail has operated a total of 9.28 billion kilometers safely, equivalent to 232,000 round the earth and safely transporting 14.12 billion passengers, making it the safest high-speed rail recognized in the world.
In the debugging workshop of the high-speed EMU manufacturing center of CRRC Changchun Rail Bus Co., Ltd., Changchun City, Jilin Province, Chief skill expert Luo Zhaoqiang (first from right) checked the electrical system of the Fuxing high-speed railway train with his colleagues (photo taken on November 25, 2020) Photo by Zhang Nan/This magazine
competes for "long-distance running" scientific research ahead
In the competition of world high-speed railways, what can be seen is the competition and catch-up of China's EMU in terms of operating speed, safety, comfort, etc., what can be seen is the major needs of the development of China Railway behind it, and the original domestic high-speed railway scientific research results lay a solid foundation for independent innovation; a national game of chess, concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks.
Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences , who has been engaged in the research on dynamics and vibration of rail transit engineering for a long time, has opened up new fields of dynamics research on railway large systems, and has taken the lead in creating a vehicle-rail coupled dynamics theory system, and presided over the research and establishment of high-speed train-rail-bridge dynamic interaction theory and design safety evaluation technology. Internationally, its models and algorithms are called "Zhai Model" and "Zhai Method". His theoretical methods and technologies have been successfully applied to dozens of key projects of my country's railway speed-up and high-speed railways, solving a series of engineering practical problems in high-speed driving safety and ride stability, and supporting the speed and safety of China's high-speed railways.
Aerodynamics Issues are one of the bottlenecks that restrict the development of high-speed railways. The Central South University rail transit safety key technology innovation team led by Tian Hongqi, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, started from scratch and built the basic and engineering technology system of my country's railway aerodynamics, and established methods such as collaborative design of train aerodynamic structures and optimization of train/tunnel coupled aerodynamic structures, providing important technical support for the "Fuxing" high-speed train to achieve the world's highest speed of 870 kilometers per hour and the relative intersection of open lines on April 21, 2022.
professor Wang Ping led the team to tackle the "high-speed railway track smoothness maintenance technology". After more than ten years of hard work, the project results broke through the technical bottleneck of diagnosis and maintenance of high-speed railway track smoothness in my country, broke the technological monopoly of Japan, Germany and other countries, and formed a complete theoretical and technical system with my country's independent intellectual property rights. Wang Ping told reporters: "In the past, foreign countries relied on technology monopoly, a group of switches, quoted more than 5 million yuan. After my country achieved this technological breakthrough, they immediately lowered the price to 1.8 million yuan per group."
scientific research has always been the most solid confidence in independent innovation. Concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks is the most solid guarantee for independent innovation.Lu Dongfu, then chairman and secretary of the Party Group of China National Railway Group Co., Ltd., believed that upholding the party's overall leadership provided a fundamental political guarantee for the historic achievements in the development of high-speed rail. We adhere to the national "one network" and the whole road "one game" to break the limitations of industries and regions, and form a high-speed rail development plan that is connected with major national strategies, connected with relevant industrial layout, and combined with regional development needs. We also maintain the stability and continuity of high-speed rail planning, and achieve mutual promotion and complementation between high-speed rail development and economic and social development.
insists on concentrating efforts to accomplish major tasks. From the central government to the local government, from scientific research and innovation, production organization to industrial application, from research and development, planning and design, engineering construction, equipment manufacturing to operation and management, the entire innovation chain industry chain has gathered a strong synergy for building the world's most developed high-speed rail network.
persists in strengthening technical research in key areas, forming a complete innovation chain from basic theory of high-speed rail, technology application to achievement promotion and even technical standard system, firmly grasping the initiative in innovation and development in one's own hands, providing an efficient practical path for high-speed rail technology to achieve a major leap from following to leading.
adheres to the organic combination of industry, education, research and application, promotes collaborative innovation and integrated innovation, and forms a combination advantage to promote high-speed rail innovation; adheres to the correct technical route, realizes the overall coordination and professional integration of technical policies, technical standards, technology platforms and technical layout, so that the successful experience of high-speed rail construction and operation can be quickly replicated and promoted nationwide, form large-scale industrial benefits, and greatly improve the development efficiency and quality of high-speed rail.
pursues "leading"
moves from a national business card to leading the international standard
Among the 254 important standards adopted by China's standard EMUs, Chinese standards account for 84%. 11 systems and 96 major equipment adopts unified Chinese standards and models. China has become an important maker and important leader of high-speed rail rules.
days ago, International Railway Alliance (UIC) issued and implemented the "High-speed Railway Design Infrastructure" standards and the "High-speed Railway Design Power Supply" standards formulated by my country. Both standards are the first international railway standards in related fields. The International Railway Alliance is the most influential professional international standards organization in the railway industry.
In recent years, experts from the National Railway Group have presided over the formulation and revision of more than 60 important technical standards for high-speed railways, train networks, braking systems, etc. of the International Railway Alliance. The two series of "High-speed Railway Implementation" and "High-speed Railway Design" have been presided over the completion of 11 high-speed railway system-level standards, including the "High-speed Railway Implementation" and "High-speed Railway Design", filling the gap in international standards in key areas such as high-speed railway implementation and design.
From Chinese standards to world standards, Zhao Hongwei personally experienced this process. With the rapid development of China's high-speed rail, Zhao Hongwei was elected as the head of the data and communications professional group of the UIC Locomotive and Vehicles Branch Committee, and participated in the formulation and revision of international and industry standards. "There were not many voices in China at the International Organization for Standardization in the past. Now, foreign peers always invite Chinese experts to speak and listen to China's solutions."
incorporates my country's advantageous technologies and key parameters into international standards, providing standard support for promoting China's railway technology and realizing that China's railway "going out" the entire system, all factors and all industrial chains of China's railways, creating favorable conditions.
Innovation leadership has been engraved into the bone marrow of China's high-speed rail.
is on the debugging line of the factory of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd., a five-section high-speed maglev train steadily suspended and started on the track. The streamlined front and blue-gray body are very technological. R&D personnel are conducting precise debugging to ensure that the high-speed maglev system reaches its best condition.
CRRC scientist and deputy chief engineer of CRRC Sifang Co., Ltd. Ding Sansan introduced that the 5-section marshalled maglev train is more than 130 meters long and weighs more than 300 tons. It requires breakthroughs in a large number of key core technologies to allow such a giant to levitate on the track and to "fly on the ground" at a speed of 600 kilometers per hour.
For example, the suspension gap between the train and the track must be stable at about 10 mm, which is equivalent to the thickness of a matchbox. When the maglev train speed reaches 600 kilometers per hour, the aerodynamic pressure on the vehicle body rises sharply.In order to make the maglev train "float" stable, the R&D team conducted a closed research and development for 13 months at the test site, and conducted more than 4,000 tests.
is based on the engineering application of high-speed maglev at 600 kilometers per hour, and the R&D team also needs to solve a series of engineering and technical problems. Such as maglev crossing rivers and mountains with high speed operation, aerodynamic design, high-strength vehicle body, traction and braking, low-delay communication, long-distance multi-zone multi-vehicle fully automatic tracking, parking at any point, shock absorption and noise reduction, etc., each one is a great technical challenge. Take pneumatic design as an example only. When the speed of a maglev train reaches 600 kilometers per hour, the aerodynamic pressure on the vehicle body rises sharply, which can reach 10 times that of the current high-speed train at 350 kilometers per hour. The aerodynamic noise increases to the power of 6 to 7 with the speed, and the technical difficulty can be followed without precedent.
html has been independently researching for 15 years, and has gone through more than 1,680 simulation calculations, more than 4,250 ground bench tests and more than 500 line tests. It has chewed one "hard bone" after another, clearing one roadblock after another. On July 20, 2021, the high-speed maglev transportation system with a speed of 600 kilometers per hour was officially launched on Qingdao , marking that my country has mastered the complete set of high-speed maglev technology and engineering capabilities.From a wheel-rail high-speed rail to a 600-kilometer maglev train, China once again leads the world's railway technology to a new breakthrough. ■
