Hammer throwing is the speed force ability that generates the highest shot speed of the equipment in the direction of the special movement through rotation. The ball of the hammer is made of iron with a chain and a handle attached to it. Hammer throws must be thrown items with a diameter of 2.135. The project requires athletes to have high coordination and the ability to maintain body balance during high-speed rotation. The ball of the hammer is made of iron with a chain and handle attached to it. The hammer throw must be performed in a circle with a diameter of 2.135 meters. The athlete holds the handle ring with both hands, stands on the back edge of the throwing circle, passes through the pre-swing and 3~4 laps of continuous acceleration and rotation, and finally exerts force to throw the hammer.
1. Overview of the development of hammer throw
The earliest hammer is not a round ball, but an iron hammer. In the Middle Ages, blacksmiths and miners in Ireland and Scotland liked to use hammers with wooden handles in their free time for throwing games. In the mid-19th century, the track and field event of hammer ball appeared in some universities in the UK. In 1873, a student at Oxford University threw a hammer throw of 36.26 meters. In 1874, a student at Cambridge University raised his grade to 42.05 meters. At this time, the hammer is already a ball thrown made of lead, weighing 16 pounds (7.257 kg). In the 1880s, the diameter of the throwing circle was 2.135 meters. Around 1890, the Americans changed the wooden handle of the hammer to an iron handle, and later changed it to a steel chain.
Hammer throwing was originally used in situ, and later gradually changed to side throw and rotating one circle, two circle, three circle, now athletes use four more circles cast. The men's hammer weighs 7.26 kg, with a total length of 117.5-121.5 cm; the women's hammer weighs 4 kg, with a total length of 116.0-119.5 cm. During the game, athletes must throw the ball with both hands in a circle with a diameter of 2.135 meters, and the hammer must fall within a sector of a 40° arc to be effective. There is a "U"-shaped cage outside the ring to ensure safe throwing. Men's hammer throw was listed as an Olympic event in 1900, and women's hammer throw was listed as an Olympic event in 2000.
In the mid-1950s, the famous American athlete Connery set the world record 6 times and won the gold medal in the hammer throw of the 1956 Olympic Games. In 1960, he broke the 70-meter mark for the first time and set a world record of 70.33 meters. Following the United States, the world record for hammer throws has been repeatedly rewritten by athletes from Germany, Hungary, Norway, the Soviet Union and other countries, and the Olympic gold medals are also all taken by Europeans. Hungary was once more prominent. In the 1980s, the Soviet Union held all world records.
In the 8th Olympic Games from 1960 to 1988, the Soviet Union won the gold medals in the remaining games except for the two Olympic Games in 1968 and 1984, which it did not participate in. Especially in the 1976 Olympic Games, Bondarchuk took his two students to the competition, and the three masters and apprentices won all the medals. The master and apprentice received the award on the same stage, which became a good story in the Olympic Games. In addition, they have won many championships in the World Championships and World Cup.
Hammer throwers are initially tall people, most of whom throw purely with strength. Later, with the development of sports science, the continuous improvement of sports technology and the improvement of training methods, the technique of hammer throwing has been developed towards speed. In recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in throwing methods, with the emergence of a throwing technique with 4 rotations, which has a great effect on speeding up the hammer throw and improving athletic performance.
Compared with shot throwing, hammer throwing is more rare. In school sports games, you can hardly see hammer throwing games. This is because hammer throwing is better in some respects. The requirements for shot throwing are more stringent. Have you ever seen a hammer throw game? After reading the complete article, do you understand the history of hammer throwing?
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