In recent years, the word "Moon South Pole" has frequently appeared in the public's field of vision, and the one that has the deepest connection with this word is probably India. In July 2019, it was called independent research and development by the Indian media, and it was actually jointly developed with Russia. The Moon 2 spacecraft, carrying the dream of mankind’s first landing on the South Pole of the Moon, was launched from the Indian mainland. After more than a month of sailing, it reached the moon in early September and began to implement the landing plan. The result was very unsatisfactory. At high altitude, the Lunar 2 spacecraft lost control and smashed into the ground. It was of no use except to create more garbage for the moon.
The Lunar Ship 2 which is expected to land successfully
This year, when the Chang'e 5 successfully sampled, the Indian Space Agency once again announced to the outside world that a new generation of lunar probe Lunar Ship 3 will land on the south pole of the moon in 4 months. Here it is! Same recipe, same taste. The difference is that the time is changed and the number is changed.
So what is the situation of the lunar south pole? The United States has the ability to land on the moon but has not set foot in it, and India will go to the dead.
Apollo had six manned missions to the moon, none of which went to the south pole of the moon, but India can predict: if 3 fails, then 4 will be replaced; if 4 fails, then 5, will continue to be on the south pole of the moon. Is the United States clever, is India dumb, or is the United States dumb, and only India is clever? No, India is not stupid, and the United States is not stupid. There are historical reasons and practical significance for this situation!
The Indian Space Agency showed Lunar Shuttle 3. From the smiles squeezed out, it can be seen that this mission is a bit hanging
. For a long time, humans have not believed that there will be "water" on the moon. Until 1994, "Clay The “Mentin” probe discovered the possibility of “water” on the moon for the first time, but no definite answer has been obtained. Until 1998, the US “Lunar Prospector” probe confirmed the existence of water on the moon. Then countries around the world confirmed this fact, making the existence of water on the moon a common sense problem. According to further research,
found that the water content on the moon is quite rich, mostly in the polar regions, in the form of "water ice". The lunar south pole has about three times the water storage capacity of the north pole. At present, it is estimated that the water storage in the Arctic region of the moon is about 100 million tons, while the South Pole region of the moon is about 300 million tons. The per capita water consumption on the earth is about 60 tons per person per year (eating, drinking, washing, bathing, etc.). If only satisfied In terms of basic living conditions, dividing this number by 3 is no problem. You can imagine how many people can use this excess water for many years.
The distribution map of the earth's water resources in the north and south poles of the moon
Then there is water on the moon, which can meet the most basic living conditions of mankind. That is to say, the long-term survival of man on the moon is not empty talk, but has practical significance. What can you do for survival? Establish a permanent base on the moon.
Establishing a permanent base on the moon currently has two major benefits:
1 and collect the scarce resources of the moon
. In the foreseeable future, energy will be a big problem before mankind. The existing energy methods mainly rely on Mining the wealth that the earth has stored for billions of years will eventually run out of resources, so humans must quickly find alternatives and related application technologies before the resources are exhausted. The
technology is still being explored. It is the controllable nuclear fusion technology. Alternatives to resources have also been found. It is abundant and easy to mine on the moon. It is the hydrogen isotopes, deuterium and tritium, which are accumulated on the surface of the moon by the solar wind over the past billions of years. They are all on the surface of the moon and contain extremely high levels.
In the foreseeable future, if controllable nuclear fusion technology matures, then the moon will become a large open-pit mining field.
will collect lunar deuterium and tritium in the future
2, transfer gas station
rich water on the moon, through electrolysis, can be decomposed into hydrogen and oxygen, and these two gases are currently important space fuels for mankind. In fact, these two gases are also rich in content on the earth, and they are also easy to mine compared to the moon. However, considering that the gravity of the earth is 6 times that of the moon, and the resistance generated by the thick atmosphere, the moon is in a vacuum state so it does not exist. Can save a lot of fuel.
to Apollo 11 z6Take the 8z manned moon landing as an example. In order to send the 44-ton Apollo 11 spacecraft to the orbit, the entire Saturn 5’s fuel needs about 3,000 tons. When the Apollo 11 return module took off on the moon, the entire 2.35 The weight of the ton, only 2.35 tons of fuel is enough (the actual 2.05 tons is enough, I am afraid that accidentally add 0.3 tons)
The powerful Saturn 5 consumes 13 tons of fuel per second during the take-off phase. The fuel demand for the moon's take-off is about 1/70 of that of the earth. If humans want to manned interstellar voyages to Mars and other planets, it is a very reasonable and ideal plan to build a refueling station on the moon.
So where does the electricity to split water come from, solar energy?
In the south and north poles of the moon, there will be half a year of polar day, and there will be plenty of sunshine every day. As long as you have enough solar panels, you can continuously generate electricity and produce interstellar fuel.
The moon became an interstellar gas station
3, rich in minerals
In the south pole of the moon, there is an Aitken Basin. The span of this basin is about 2000 kilometers and the depth reaches 12 kilometers. Regarding the formation of this basin, scientists estimate that it is 40. It was formed by an impact over 100 million years. According to the latest research, it was found that there is dense material under it. According to speculation, it may be the remains of asteroids, and the asteroids contain rich minerals and rare minerals. With the existence of these minerals, an interstellar factory can be built on the moon, without the minerals of the earth, self-sufficient, and an interstellar spacecraft can be produced on the moon. (China's Chang'e-4 spacecraft is located in this basin and has achieved gratifying research results)
Aitken Basin
Combining the above factors, it can be said that the lunar south pole is the best place for man to establish a lunar base. That's why India will desperately want to land and explore in this area. It is a posture of not hitting the south wall and not looking back. The so-called one step behind, then step by step. India's lunar exploration project has already been compared with several major aerospace countries. Being in a backward position in the second echelon, this is intolerable to India, which has always regarded itself as a big country. In the past, India wanted to surpass the lunar Antarctic Earth. After all, it would be beneficial to explore the lunar Antarctic region. In the future lunar base construction, when all countries are almost on the same starting line, this is the only hope that India can catch up in the field of lunar exploration. As long as he has this heart, India must go to the lunar south pole.
The reason why NASA did not go to the south pole of the moon during the Apollo mission was because no water was found in the south pole of the moon. When water was found at the south pole of the moon, the Apollo mission would have stopped. This time the US plans to return to the moon, and the chosen place is also the lunar south pole. I missed it before. This time the US does not want to miss it again!
NASA shows the original lunar base
In the next 5 to 10 years, the moon will be viewed in the field of space exploration, while the moon will be viewed in the Antarctic region. According to the “Outer Space Treaty” signed by the United Nations in 1967 (can also be understood as the “Space Law”), Outer space and celestial bodies do not belong to any country or individual, so the declaration of sovereignty over them is deemed invalid. According to the provisions of this treaty, whoever reaches the moon first has the priority right to develop.
The existing science and technology have reached the initial conditions for the development of the moon. Whoever goes up first can find a good location for development and establish a lunar base. With the idea that no one wants to be content with others, all countries in the world are enthusiastic. It moved. This is also the reason why countries have announced the moon landing one after another recently.
US lunar base model
Once we missed sailing, but this time we will not miss this Xinghai. In this wave of lunar exploration fever, we are fortunate to be in a relatively forward position. It can also be said that the success of the Chang'e 5 mission has brought a wave of rhythm to the moon around the world. In 2030, the lunar exploration project will enter the next stage. At that time, China's first astronaut will land on the moon. I think that will be the beginning of the establishment of a lunar base and will open a new era in the history of the solar system.
In 2030, Chinese astronauts will drive a lunar rover and sail on the surface of the moon
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