[Editor's Note] American chemist K. Barry Sharpless shared the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with two other chemists. This is the second time Shaplers has won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The last time was 21 years ago in 2001.
On the afternoon of October 5, 2022, after the Nobel Prize in Chemistry was announced, The Paper contacted Dr. Dong Jiajia, who had been engaged in postdoctoral research in Sharples Laboratory to interpret the relevant achievements of the award. Dr. Dong Jiajia is currently the president-appointed professor of the School of Translational Medicine of Shanghai Jiaotong University. He translated and compiled the content of Dr. Sharples' speech at the 2019 Priestry Medal Awards Ceremony, and The Paper was authorized to forward it.
A simple life—finding function and making connections
The principle of the Priestry medal is to reward those who "contribute to the discipline of chemistry", but my contribution is indeed limited to chemists: help you achieve more reliable methods to synthesize chemical bond (build a reliable portal in the vast molecular world) to achieve molecular functions. As an ordinary researcher with less ordinary research methods, I am grateful and deeply moved to be able to stand here tonight.
Karl Barry Sharpless Professor (2019)
Hope today's speech will also become a contribution to me (for chemists). I was born into a less perfect middle-class family. I was born in Philadelphia and went to school. My father is a surgeon working in Philadelphia. But if someone asks me, "Where is your home?" I will answer without hesitation: "Manas Kuan, New Jersey!" [1]
Karl Barry Sharpless and my mother
My mother grew up there, and she would take my sister and me to the beach every weekend or summer. On a wooded cliff edge by the Manas wide river, my parents bought a prefabricated cottage of the Sears Robberke Company - with four small bedrooms, the living room and kitchen in the middle, where my mother and her friends would often bring their children together. My mother is very happy when there are too many people, but she has a bit of bipolar and sometimes she can't handle me, while my father doesn't have time to accompany me on weekends.
Because my parents were not strict with me, it can be said to be indulgent. I have been casually looking for the surprises and stimulation I need since I was a child. My self-study and growth began when I was six years old. I found an 8-foot boat with a motor and drove it secretly on the boat to the wide river of Manas, driving it for several miles, and even drove through the estuary and directly to the sea. When I was in elementary school, I had become a qualified sailor based on my own interests; a fisherman who could catch eels , a crab; and a keen and curious observer and experimentalist. Finally, before I graduated from elementary school, I could already rely on myself and became a fearless self-study student.
In fact, when my parents first met with my wife, Jan Sharpless, my mother said to her, "Good luck, I never managed to teach this guy anything."
Karl Barry Sharpless and Jan Sharpless (1987 in Switzerland )
When I was 14 years old, I became the youngest guy on the Brell Dock charter fishing boat. In order to make the boat fishing guests happy, and to fill the deck at the end of each day and take photos to promote and attract more guests, we must do our best. A competitive fishing life makes people decisive, and the daily maintenance of fishing boats requires complete dedication. To get more tips from customers, for me, I have to overcome my shy side and disguise myself.
Karl Barry Sharpless (15 years old, left) fishing with Uncle Dink on the boat
Karl Barry Sharpless (24 years old)
High school life didn't really interest me too much - I'm just a not too bad student. When my father went to the bookstore to buy his medical books, I would follow him and choose some books about chemistry or shipping.I still remember how excited I was when I first learned about the evolution of through "The Beagle's Navigation" written by Darwin , but my favorite book is about the biosynthesis of steroids . When I saw that the three methyl groups of lanosterol disappeared and turned into carbon dioxide , I said, "It's amazing!" This is a great introductory book about the oxidation process.
Maybe everyone is different, I am really different. But I really don't want my students to experience these "different" too. However, I have learned some experience in scientific research to benefit everyone, so I will open my personal "suitcase" next, and I hope everyone will feel that it is helpful to you after listening.
The legendary Swiss chemist Albert Eschenmoser commented on me like this: "It is completely unpredictable what he wants to say when talking to Barry. If you are with ordinary people, you can predict the content of your conversation, but you can't do it with him." The nonlinearity of thinking (jumping thinking) of
may be my most obvious, confused, and even troubled characteristic. I like the definition of nonlinear thinking: “Humans think in multiple directions at the same time, not just one “logical” direction.” At the same time, I need excitement, excitement, and even terrifying things, inspiration and unusual – these elements make me feel my presence.
In Dartmouth College , my first English composition actually got F, which really shocked me. Fear turned me into an avid learner, and I worked hard to learn until there was no problem that could stump me. Only chemistry is relatively easy for me. I inherited my father's memory that I never forget and relied on this to learn those chemical reactions throughout my life. So the courses of natural sciences are relatively easy for me, and I can also have time to master the skills of becoming a good student in the classroom. The fear of failure made me move forward, but the excellent teacher and the joy of seeking knowledge really transformed me into a good scholar, especially a fan of literature. I like the "inevitable visual cognition" mentioned in " Ulysses ".
I was originally studying in the medical preparation department, but I joined the laboratory full of arrows of electron transfer mechanism by Assistant Professor Tom Spencer. Chemists all know what life is like, and once I started to be interested in solving his chemistry problems, I recklessly taught myself all the compounds I could find, mainly by smelling the smell to prepare various experiments. In my spare time, we discussed chemistry by drawing molecular structures on the blackboard, which became one of my biggest hobbies since then. At the same time, I also began to fall in love with periodic table .
Barry In my office (Scripps Research) I love to write on the blackboard to discuss chemistry
Because I never stayed in school during the summer vacation, I didn’t have the opportunity to further expand my research projects, so Tom Spencer (the person I am most grateful to) advised me to give up medical school and try to study in the graduate department of chemistry school for a year. He recommended me to his tutor, Professor Eugene van Tamelen from Stanford [4]
Professor Eugene E. van Tamelen (1925-2009)
My research topic is the selective oxidation of polyenes, but My physical organic chemistry exam (once every six months) did not pass , so I almost shed tears and read the book for six months in the chemistry library for the topic. But when I returned to the lab, my knowledge was enough to deal with daily discussions with postdoctoral fellows, especially Professor Tamerlen.
I was very lucky that I was arranged to work with Bob Coates, who was then a postdoctoral fellow in the lab and who has now retired from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.Under his careful guidance, I learned my first "research trick": if you can quickly enough falsify the "seemingly correct" conclusions in the early experiment, the faster you will advance and find the next new discovery. I call this method: "falsification method". Later, when my students brought good experimental results, I would definitely say, "Go and try to make this reaction fail! (Find the limitations of responsiveness) Design several different ideas at the same time when challenging responsiveness, quickly advance those ideas that can survive, always pay attention to finding responsive clues and design different methods to question these clues.
Like my parents, MIT treats their assistant professors very indulgently, allowing professors like me who are afraid and hate writing to not apply for research funding at NIH . After two years of good days without applying for funding, the head of the department Glenn Pochtold (Glenn) Berchtold gave me two choices, either jump to the sea to go to Andrea Doria to hunt for treasure, or write a fund application.
wrote a fund application that year that really changed my life. The knowledge I learned in the Stanford Library that year gave me inspiration. In MITh, I began to seriously search for those elements that were light in the periodic table of reactive research. Those rigorous and meticulous chemical reports in the first half of the 20th century made me truly understand and compare the properties of molecules, including their colors, traits, solubility and stability.
The strange nature of selenium attracted me from my early years when I was at Dartmouth , partly because it is a necessary element of life and has redox activity. At MIT, the knowledge I learned from a lot of related readings at Stanford in the early years became my subconscious, which made me focus on the published mechanisms of SeO2 chemistry. In fact, the previous mechanism was impossible, so we did our research in the lab. Surprisingly, this field was completely open to us; Found our own direction. Next, we quickly made many important contributions. Selenium chemistry became the subject of my application for the NIH fund, and I quickly became well-known.
Our laboratory is just starting out, and our research method is to explore the gaps in the periodic table of elements that lack literature. We took advantage of the "terrible dark places" (bias and phobia) that other chemists didn't want to explore [5], and greatly expanded the scope of synthetic chemistry by discovering many useful olefin oxidation reactions.
In hindsight, surprisingly, The impact of simple "bias and phobia" in the field of study is so great that my lab's research direction: clearing "phobia" from the periodic table, having " exclusive " for many years.
Perhaps because IQ seems not so important to work on the Manas Bun River, my later ambitions were never attracted by complex games - thinking that complex synthetic chemistry is the only worthwhile direction. I accidentally became a process chemist, which was blue-collar by the standards of a pharmaceutical company, because the medicinal chemists there were elites.
Karl Barry Sharpless Visiting the chemical factory of Texas (1983)
For me, writing is as painful as not applying anesthetic to fill teeth, so I have never published articles that are of little significance. Perhaps only Hans Reich of of and I can compete in this regard (referring to not posting articles). The pressure I need to publish more important results to be eliminated. In this process (referring to writing articles) spending time recording and enriching them has brought us more and more interesting opportunities (referring to the generation of new ideas during the writing process). The new method we published at the time always described at least one selective transformation of complex natural products without precedent, always including very detailed experimental operational processes.
By the mid-1970s, our approach was widely used and cited, which gave us great encouragement, thus accelerating our enthusiasm and creativity in this field (olefin oxidation).My postdoctoral fellow, the late Bob Michaelson's important discovery in 1973, and our research group's love for olefin oxidation chemistry, directly led to the discovery of asymmetric epoxidation (AE) reactions in 1980 by my postdoctoral fellow Tsutomu Katsuki [6].
famous Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation reaction
Kazuki Experimental record when discovering the best conditions for epoxidation reaction (photo taken by Dong Jiajia in 2015)
Also in 1980, graduate student Steve Hentges discovered the perfect stoichiometric asymmetric osmium acidification reaction, which gave me confidence in the discovery of more asymmetric catalytic reactions, although at the time people thought that it was impossible.
I need new stimulation after discovering asymmetric epoxidation reactions, so I am ready to look for new areas. About 2 years after discovering the asymmetric epoxidation reaction, I had a conversation that changed my life with the famous organic chemist Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton [7]. When I told him that I was going to stop doing asymmetric catalytic and to open up new areas, he asked me sternly: "Do you think there are other catalytic asymmetric reactions that need to be discovered?" I said, "Yes, I know there are." Sir Derek said that if I don't do this, then the asymmetric epoxidation reaction could be an orphan reaction, and Derek Patton was a very convincing person!
Asymmetric epoxidation has kept us so busy that we didn’t return to Hunters’ discovery, but this direction has once again made a gold-like discovery under my postdoctoral fellow Eric Jacobsen and the late Istvan Marko: asymmetrically catalyzed bihydroxylation reaction (AD) [8], a real victory, an excellent, universal, highly practical reaction.
The famous Sharpless Asymmetric Bihydroxylation Reaction
After discovering the asymmetric catalytic bihydroxylation reaction, I can finally move forward (change the research direction), but my team is not ready yet. At that time, there were many very talented postdoctoral fellows in my lab. They came to learn asymmetric catalysis, but my communication skills and leadership disappointed me. How can I get them out of their deep-rooted beliefs, break the “religion” I created myself, and challenge new things? The morale of the lab dropped severely, and later, when I turned everyone’s direction to click chemistry, the lab was almost empty (everyone left).
I don't have any good advice on lab management, but the advice on scientific discovery is another matter: I'm always looking for clues and always following those good ones, even if it needs to be at the expense of the current lab priorities. Don't worry about what you'll miss, because the only thing that matters as a researcher is what you find, because there's still a lot of new things waiting to be discovered. As a researcher, it is crucial to ask good questions. Parallel hypothesis inference [9], a large number of parallel feasible assumptions, and periodic tables of elements, will never let you down.
In 1982, I wrote a NIH fund application proposal, hoping to use the reaction of amines and epoxides to connect those non-natural molecular modules together, and then synthesize them in the form of combined chemical , hoping that the product can have interesting molecular functions. NIH does not support us.
(1992) I joined the Scripps Institute in , , , and began consulting for a combination chemistry company. At the same time, I began to focus on finding a way to quickly and reliably discover new chemical reactivity and molecular functions. My plan at the time was to use only a few optimal reactions to link the molecular module, hoping to conduct quantitative reactions without solvents (to quickly achieve molecular function). My student Janet Elizabeth Pease tried the six reactions we thought were the best at the time, with a yield of up to 96%, which later became the first attempts in click chemistry. But then we quickly gave up the solvent-free reaction and instead insisted on using water as a solvent.
Among many candidate names, Jan and I decided to call this method "click chemistry". Because it most accurately describes our ideas in our opinion, the metaphor of the seat belt in the rear seat of the car most successfully explains our goal: only the predetermined buckle can be connected to the corresponding interface - the middle buckle cannot be buckled to the side buckle. The success of the connection is guaranteed and is permanent once established. In a car, the spring-locking snaps make a click. [10]
My colleague at Scripps, Hartmuth Kolb, who has been the engine of click chemistry from the very beginning; at the National Conference of the American Chemical Society in spring 1999, our first public speech on the topic was: "Click chemistry, a concept of chemistry that merges processes and discovers." My former graduate student (MIT, 1980s) later joined the Scripps Department of Chemistry, which was a big joy for me. He quickly joined us, like a philosopher who brought a logical foundation to click chemistry. Finn clarifies the concept that Hartmus and I have always wanted to express clearly.
We call ourselves “Three Friends” [11] and call our click chemistry manuscripts “Manifesto.” This paper was submitted to the German Journal of Applied Chemistry in August 2000. Peter Gölitz, the editor-in-chief of the magazine, is willing to overturn negative comments, but he has indeed worried about whether I can face the consequences and become a "fool" in the international chemistry community. In May 2001, "Click Chemistry: Implementing Molecular Functions through Several Good Reactions" was published online. [12]
The click chemistry paper that was asked by all judges to reject the manuscript is also the most cited paper in the field of synthetic chemistry in humans.
That year (2001) there was so much going on: I won a lot of prizes, including the Nobel Prize in Chemistry [13], and my 60th birthday celebration, when 33 former Sharpless panelists gave presentations at the National Conference of the American Chemical Society in Spring in San Diego. At that conference banquet, I received the best gift of my life! When the famous MIT George Büchi died, his young colleague (and my former student) Greg Fu inherited Butch's library. Greg gave me a portion of it: perhaps a ton of Houben-Weyl Methoden der Organischen Chemie [14] (including all volumes, 1909–1986, and the literature even cited in 1834!). The series of books given to me by Greg represents the golden age in the history of human chemistry discovery - no chemist can hope for more!
Sharpless Professor won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering asymmetric catalytic oxidation reactions. Professor
Sharpless Professor 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry Certificate
Sharpless and his Houben-Weyl series (almost every book is full of his notes!)
Before, after reading Kevin Kelly (Kevin Kelly ) "Out of Control" [15] together, I discussed it with M. G. while walking on the beach. Our favorite part is the paragraph that Kevin Kelly calls "God's Game (Creation Process, Metaphor Evolution)". Kelly said: "The irony of God's creation process (evolution) is that choosing to let go (no control and intervention) is the only way to win." Later, this inspired us to allow two reactants to passively selectively at the binding site of a well-known enzyme [16]. For 98 possible reaction objects, the picky acetylcholinesterase only chose to make one of the inhibitors , but the activity of this inhibitor is much stronger than any other, and in-situ click chemistry was born. This work was done in collaboration with Professor Palmer Taylor of at the University of California, San Diego.
In-situ click chemistry tech
My postdoctoral work on this enzyme reaction directly contributed to the discovery of CuAAC (cycloaddition reaction of azides with alkyne under monovalent copper catalysis).Albert Eschenmoser [17] gave a high evaluation of this work, saying that CuAAC's discovery "is so great improvements to the efficiency and substrate range of known reactions, which is obviously the most important chemical discovery." We published these two research works in 2002 (referring to In situ click chemistry, CuAAC.)
CuAAC (cycloaddition reaction of azides with terminal alkynes under monovalent copper catalysis)
Some companies based on click chemistry have emerged, the most fascinating of which is Olaplex. They perform hair repair through click chemistry (here refers to the click chemistry of the thiol- double bond), which can change the color of the hair every few days, but her hair still looks hydrated.
In 2002, I was fortunate to be invited to attend the first "Comforth Lecture" at the University of Sydney with Craig Hawker, a famous materials scientist at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who founded several companies including Olaplex. He wrote to me, "The inspiration of Olaplex can be traced back to your speech at Sydney years ago, and your speech completely changed my mind. As you mentioned, Sir John Warcup Cornforth himself said: 'It is useless to provide industrial chemists with what is called elegant, difficult and expensive processes, and their ideal is reactions that can even be post-treated in an abandoned bathtub. Just a single-armed worker without culture can be skilled, through drainage holes, and directly collecting the process of reacting products in a continuous manner with 100% purity and yield.' Your key information about reaction efficiency, simplicity and orthogonality (these are the hallmarks of all click chemical reactions) resonates even more in today's chemistry world."
Fen (M. G. Finn) developed the bioclick chemistry link technology in 2003, another disruptive technology in the field of click chemistry. Biological scientists now use kits based on the technology every day, but they may not even know they are using click chemistry at all.
Sir John Comforth's famous quotes on process chemistry
My research team has always hoped to repeat the experiments of German chemist Wilhelm Steinkopf (on the synthetic chemistry of sulfonyl fluoride compounds) from 1927 to 1930, but it has not been successful for many years. My postdoctoral fellow Jiajia Dong did not give up. After receiving a bottle of sulfyl fluoride from Dow, he finally succeeded. His discovery turned on the hexavalent sulfhydrofluoroexchange reaction (SuFEx), the second near-perfect click chemistry found in our lab. SuFEx unexpectedly opened up the entire world of molecules connected by sulfate. He is now working at Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry .
Discovery of Hexavalent Sulfur and Fluorine Exchange (SuFEx) Reaction
Professor Sharpless and Dong Jiajia (photographed in 2015, Scripps Research)
Now, Dong Jiajia's laboratory has discovered another brand new, near-perfect click chemistry [19]. I predict that through (mentioned above) these four near-perfect click reactions, chemists will construct infinite chemical space possibilities through fully predictable, precise synthesis, bottom-up.
FSO2N3 Discovery of high-efficiency diazon transfer reaction of primary amines
is that so many people who have worked with me have helped me achieve what I am today and I thank them all. I also hope to apologize to a lot of colleagues who have worked in my lab, some of whom have not received the treatment they deserve, the articles they deserve, and even the opportunity to talk to me. I also want to express my apology to those colleagues in the chemistry industry who have never had time to thank me, those who have given me work, gifts and favors. sorry! Actually, I have completely failed about many things. I have enjoyed the pleasure of being a chemist for so many years, and many have sacrificed for it.I really thank you, every element in me thanks you!
I am really happy to see that "simple (chemistry)" and "functions of (molecules)" were favored by everyone in my lifetime. At the end, I would like to quote a letter from Stephen Buchwald of MIT in 2015 to remind me that it takes courage to break through mediocrity in science to reach no man’s land. It really makes me feel relieved. He may be my only follower of chemists in the last century.
"Your chemistry achievements have a profound impact on my research direction - you focus on simple and useful chemistry. Your help is the key to my success. Over the years, whenever I encounter a problem, I turn to this principle over and over again, namely: "(I run into the same problem) What will Barry do? "On the road ahead, I have always faithfully fulfilled your research philosophy of "doing important and practical chemistry", which made me today. When I am about my 60th birthday, I just want to thank you."
Translator's note:
[1] A small seaside town, New Jersey, USA.
[2] Irish modernist writer
[3] Tom Spencer, Dartmouth College, famous bioorganic chemist.
[4], Eugene E. van Tamelen, Stanford University, bioorganic chemist, pioneer in the field of bionic synthesis.
[5] Phobia is a type of anxiety disorder. This disease is characterized by the onset of the patient's persistent fear and fear of certain things or situations. Barry especially likes to use this term to describe some chemists’ unscientific, popular cognitions about certain things lead to prejudice and ignorance.
[6] Sharplas asymmetric epoxidation reaction (AE reaction) is an asymmetrically selected chemical reaction that can be used to prepare 2,3-epoxy alcohol from primary or secondary allyl alcohol . It is an asymmetric epoxidation reaction named after the main inventors Barry Sharples and Kazuki.
[7] Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton, master of organic chemistry, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
[8] Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction, often directly called asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction (AD reaction), is the olefin asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction catalyzed by cinchona base derivatives discovered by Barry Sharpless in 1987 based on the Upjohn bihydroxylation reaction. Like Sharplaz epoxidation reaction, this reaction is also one of the most important reactions in the organic synthesis of in modern .
[9] Strong inference, is a scientific research (logical thinking) methodology that emphasizes parallel assumptions rather than single causal inference: "In philosophy of science, strong inference is a model of scientific inquiry that emphasizes the need for alternative hypotheses, rather than a single hypothesis to avoid confirmation bias."
[10] Due to cultural differences, it is a pity that the initial Chinese translation is not accurate. Barry obviously pointed out that Click is the action of buckle the seat belt. The word Click comes from a well-known American saying, "Click it, or ticket it" means that if you don't buckle the seat belt, you will get a ticket. It is difficult to find a substitute in the Chinese context. It may be that clicking the mouse can make the response quick and convenient, but there is a lack of descriptions of key selectivity and irreversible reactivity.
[11] This is a famous American comedy film, "Three Amigos".
[12] After the article was submitted, three heavyweight judges unanimously asked the magazine to reject the article. Peter Glitz, editor-in-chief of the German Applied Chemistry Legend, forcibly published the article. The number of citations in this article is now ranked first in the history of all articles published by the German Applied Chemistry Journal. Peter Glitz also listed this article as his favorite. The legendary level of this story is extremely rare in the history of science.Peter Original text is published in CEN (excerpt):
"What was your favorite paper that Angewandte published during your tenure?"
"There is a famous click chemistry paper by Barry Sharpless that we published in 2001. There was a lot of skepticism that this was not new, nor was it needed. I overruled that advice, and I think click chemistry has changed many fields, from chemical biology to materials science.”
https://cen.acs.org/articles/95/i48/German-journal-became-top-tier.html
[13] Barry Sharples shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his achievements in asymmetric oxidation. Also won by him are William Standish Knowles and Ryoji Noi.
[14], a famous synthetic chemistry series, was renamed Science of Synthesis in 2000.
[15] Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World is a book written by Kevin Kelly in 1994. The themes of out-of-control include cybernetics, emergence, self-organization, complex systems and chaos theory, and this book can also be regarded as a work of tech-utopianism. Out of control was also one of the three books that the Wachowski brothers asked Keanu Reeves, who played the role of Neo, to read before starting to read the script (the other two are "Imitation and Simulation") and "Evolutionary Psychology")
Barry and Penguin
[16] Here they let the protein first and the small molecular blocks containing azide functional groups with weak binding force, using the protein pocket as the "container" for the reaction to occur, and directly add a variety of molecular blocks containing end alkyne functional groups in the system. Then, based on the orthogonal chemical reactivity of end alkyne and azide 3+2 cycloaddition, under the induction of the microstructure in the pocket, the protein synthesized one of the strongest inhibitors against itself with extremely high selectivity. The inhibitor molecule inhibited the dissociation constant (Kd) of acetylcholinesterase reached 77fM, and the in situ click chemistry, without design, and protein selection synthesized its own inhibitor! An era has begun, click chemistry to prepare to take off! The discovery of CuAAC reaction was precisely because of this discovery that Barry's research team had to find a way to selectively synthesize 1 and 5 triazoles, and then everything that followed was great history. . .
[17] Albert Eschenmoser, a Swiss scientist and master of organic synthesis, became famous for synthesizing vitamin B12.
[18] Sir John Warcup Cornforth won the 1975 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the stereochemistry of enzyme catalyzed reactions.
[19] Here, Barry refers to the high-efficiency diazon transfer reaction of FSO2N3 to primary amines. It is worth noting that the reaction was not published or even submitted at that time. We only submitted the first draft two months after Barry's speech. The paper was officially published in the British Nature Magazine in October of that year.
Modular click compound library construction method https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1589-1
[20] Stephen L. Buchwald, a famous organic chemist and professor at MIT. It is famous for developing transition metal catalyzed reactions.
Appendix:
Priestley Medal is the highest award awarded by the American Chemical Society. It is currently selected once a year to encourage scientists who have made outstanding contributions in the field of chemistry. The award was established in 1922 and is named after the British chemist Joseph Priestry. Before 1944, the selection was once every three years.
To recognize distinguished services to chemistry. (ACS)
original text was first published in CEN, March 31, 2019 | APPEARED IN VOLUME97, ISSUE 13
Priestley Medal address 2019: A simple life—finding function and making connections
Original link: https://cen.acs.org/people/awards/Priestley-Medal-address-2019-simple-life-finding-function-and-making-connections/97/i13
(original title "Simple Life-Search for Molecular Functions and Links (Speech at the 2019 Priestry Medal Award Ceremony)")
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