We live in the real world, which is the consensus of most people. But what exactly is reality? Is the real world we live in real?
Before quantum mechanics appeared, few people doubted the authenticity of our real world. After all, whenever we open our eyes, we can feel such a real world. How could it be unreal?
But the emergence of quantum mechanics completely broke people's perception of reality. We suddenly found that the so-called reality began to become blurred, and reality seemed to establish a certain connection with our observations or not.
This can be seen from the debate between the bigwig of physics Einstein and Bohr. As one of the founders of quantum mechanics, Einstein did not question quantum mechanics, he only opposed the uncertainty raised by Boer and others.
In Einstein's words, it is: When we don't look at the moon, does the moon not exist?
According to the principle of uncertainty in quantum mechanics, if the moon is placed in microscopic world , when we don’t look at the moon, the moon does not exist, or the moon can be located anywhere at the same time. The moon becomes real and is there when we observe.
The core of the debate between Einstein and Boll is the uncertainty in quantum mechanics. Among these uncertainties, one prominent phenomenon is " superposition state ".
can use coin to toss to understand the superposition state in the quantum world.
We have all played the coin toss game. During the process of tossing coins, we cannot know whether the coin is the front or the back, but whether it is the front or the back, there is only one result. And if we make accurate predictions about every detail in the process of tossing a coin, such as the force, direction, wind speed, humidity and other conditions of the coin, we can know whether the coin is in the end, whether it is the front or the reverse.
But if the coin is two microscopic particles , the result will be very different. Since the microscopic particles in the quantum world have superposition states, the coin itself is in two frontal states. That is to say, at a certain moment, the coin is not both positive and negative, but both positive and negative!
If we want to know what state the coin is, we can only pass the observation. Once the observation is performed, the state of the coin collapses from the superposition state to the eigenstate, that is, the certain state: the front or the reverse.
There is another strange phenomenon: quantum entanglement. Einstein refused to acknowledge the existence of quantum entanglement and called it "ghostly over-distance ". He believes that there must be some hidden variable that has not been discovered, which has caused the "illusion" of quantum entanglement.
After more than a hundred years of development, the uncertainty of quantum mechanics has gradually become the mainstream cognition of modern science. In other words, Einstein was wrong. We do live in a "uncertain" world, and the real real world we feel exists, such as relying on our observations.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-