1, Cell: Discovery of writing to textbooks! This neglected organ may directly affect brain functions such as memory, sleep and mood
Source: iNature
5-hydroxytryptamine signals are transmitted from the axons of one neuron to the primary cilia of another neuron Primary cilia like a carefully designed sensor that helps cells receive signals and interact with the environment. However, because it is difficult to see clearly with traditional imaging techniques, this tiny attachment structure is often overlooked.
Recently, a team from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in the United States published a research paper online in the journal Cell . This study found for the first time that a special connection is formed between the primary cilia on the surface of a neuron and the axon of another neuron, and described the synapse between the axon and the primary cilia as axo-ciliary synapse. Axial-cilia synapse As a signaling device close to the nucleus, the axial-cilia synapse short-circuits nerve transmission to change the epigenetic state of postsynaptic neurons. The new synaptic , which is involved in primary cilia, transmits signals that may bring long-term changes to cells. They quickly send signals directly to the nucleus of neurons, induced chromosome changes. Serotonin, rich in cilia, is a neurotransmitter that acts widely in the brain, and is involved in memory, sleep, and emotions.
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Handling induced the expression of c-fos on both sides. Because running mobilizes the body's self-healing function and brings positive psychological effects, it is also used in clinical treatment of anti-depression and anti-addiction. Previous studies have provided multiple explanations about the mechanisms of how running excites the brain, but our understanding is still very limited in how the movement of the limbs triggers the release of these "happy neurotransmitters". Recently, a research team led by Researcher Xi Zhengxiong of the National Institute of Drug Abuse published a study on Science Advances, revealing a new mechanism for elucidation of exercise-based rewards mediated by -network glutamate neural pathway from the newly discovered red nucleus (RN) to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and a new mechanism for elucidation against cocaine addiction, providing a new explanation for elucidation of exercise-based rewards at the level of the central nervous circuit.
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