1. Palladium is an precious metal , which belongs to the platinum group . It itself has white – silver.
2. Palladium is the only chemical element with an outer layer electronic layer very full. There are 18 electrons in the outer orbit of the palladium atom. It does not react with water, dilute acid, alkali, ammonia water compound.
3. Palladium was discovered by British doctor and chemist William Wollaston in 1803 when studying raw platinum brought from South America, which is soluble in aqua regia . After dissolving the ore, Wollaston neutralized the acid with NaOH solution, and then precipitated platinum (ammonium chloroplatinate precipitate) from the solution through the action of ammonium chloride NH4Cl. mercury cyanide is then added to the solution to form palladium cyanide. Pure palladium was isolated from the cyanide by heating. Just a year later, Wollaston reported to the Royal Society that he had discovered palladium and another new precious metal rhodium in raw platinum.
4. The name Palladium comes from the name of the asteroid Pallas, which was discovered by German astronomer Albers in 1801.
5, Russian palladium industry started late. It was not until 1922 that the national refinery produced the first batch of Russian refined palladium. This marks the beginning of industrial production of palladium in my country.
6. Palladium is one of the rarest metals, with an average concentration of 1∙10-6% by weight in the earth's crust, which is twice that of gold (5∙10-7%). Its deposits are distributed in South Africa, Canada and Russia.
7. By the way, Russia's palladium production ranks first in the world. Russia accounts for about 40% of the world's total production of this metal. Its main manufacturer in our country is Norilsk Nickel Company. The company owned companies are mining precious metals in the Tamil Peninsula and Kora Peninsula. deposit development in the Krasnoyarsk region is underway. In terms of palladium content in sulfide ores, the deposits on the Tamil Peninsula are considered one of the most abundant deposits in the world. For this reason, Norilsk Nickel is the owner of the world's largest palladium reserve.
8. Palladium is an extremely heavy and very refractory ductile and ductile metal that is easily rolled into foil and pulled into thin lines. In terms of density of 12 g/cm3, palladium is still closer to silver with density of 10.5 g/cm3 than the associated platinum (21 g/cm3).
9. Naturally occurring palladium consists of six stable isotopes: 102Pd (1.00%), 104Pd (11%), 105Pd (22%), 106Pd (27%), 108Pd (26%) and 110Pd (11%). The longest-lived artificial radioisotope is 107Pd, with a half-life of more than 7 million years. Many isotopes of palladium are produced in small quantities in fission of uranium and plutonium cores. In modern nuclear reactor , 1 ton of nuclear fuel , which consumes 3%, contains about 1.5 kg of palladium.
10. The melting point of palladium is the lowest, at 1552℃ (boiling point 2980℃), and is the smallest platinum group metal .
11. By the way, more than half of the palladium mined is used to produce catalytic converters for automobiles and other machines equipped with internal combustion engines.
12. Palladium is an element commonly used in the production of platinum or as the basis for palladium alloy . Even 1-2% palladium is enough to make the gold look silvery white. But for the most part, Platinum 583 contains 13% palladium. It is best for diamond setting.
13. Palladium is an element that can even enhance the corrosion resistance of this metal (such as titanium). Adding only 1% palladium improves titanium's tolerance to sulfuric and hydrochloric acid.
14. Palladium is an excellent catalyst. In its presence, many practically important reactions begin and proceed at low temperatures, such as fat hydrogenation and oil cracking processes. Palladium accelerates the hydrogenation of many organic products more than other tested catalysts. Used as a catalyst in the production of acetylene , many drugs, sulfuric acid, nitric acid , acetic acid, fertilizers, explosives, caustic soda, ammonia, chlorine and other and other organic synthetic products. palladium chloride is used as a catalyst and is used to detect trace amounts of carbon monoxide in air or gas mixtures.
15. Paladium is the material for most medals awarded to outstanding scientists and athletes.
16. Like platinum, the 46th element exists in its natural form (unlike other platinum), but it may contain impurities of other metals: platinum, gold, silver and iridium. From the appearance, it's hard to distinguish from native platinum, but it's lighter and softer than it. Many times, palladium itself is an impurity in natural gold or platinum. Therefore, palladium-platinum containing 40% palladium was found in the ores of Norilsk , and a very rare and less studied natural gold variety—palladium or porpecite—is found in Brazilian ( Minas Gerais ). From the appearance, this mineral is hard to distinguish from pure gold, as it contains only 10% palladium.
17. Palladium not only exists inside our planet, but chemical analysis of space "guests" proves this. Therefore, in iron meteorite , the palladium content per ton of substance is as high as 7.7 grams, while in stone it is as high as 3.5 grams. On the sun, it was discovered at the same time as helium in 1868.
18. In some countries (including Russia), a certain amount of palladium is used to obtain cell inhibitory drugs—in the form of complex compounds, similar to cisplatin. After Rosenberg discovered the cellular inhibition of platinum, scientists around the world immediately began to study the phenomenon and synthesize more and more effective and safe medical platinum compounds. In recent years, the world's leading medical institutions and large companies have been trying to find bioactive drugs in other platinum group compounds, including palladium. This precious metal is no worse than platinum to kill and slow down cancer cells, but it is almost ten times less toxic.
19. In 1988, in the "Russian ancient coin , literature, architecture, and 1000th anniversary of Russian baptism", 25 ruble coins were minted with palladium for the first time. On a test coin of 999, weighing 31.1 grams, a monument to Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovich in Kiev is depicted. At Basel International Monkey Fair, the series was recognized as the program of the year and won first prize for the quality of execution. Such coins have limited circulation and are not long-lasting, so coins have high collection value. The most valuable are the two series of coins (issued 1993-1994): "The First Russian Global Travel. 1803-1806 "-" Slope "Hope" with I.F. Kruzenshtern, "Slope" Neva "(Yu.F. Lisyansky). The second series "The First Russian Antarctic Expedition." 1819-1821 "-"Slop "Milny" (M.P. Razalev), " sloop "Oriental" (F. F. Bellingshausen). Also displayed are coins in the series of "Russia and World Culture" – "A. Rublev, M. P. Mussorgsky" and "Russian Ballet" coins, dedicated to the Russian monarch.
20. Swiss company Valcambi produces platinum rods with shapes similar to chocolate bars. Such tiles can easily break into 1 gram flakes. In addition to platinum, the company also produces similar gold, silver and palladium ingots.
21. Some medical devices are made of palladium. Due to its high biocompatibility, it is needed in the production of pacemaker . It is particularly important that palladium does not cause allergic reactions. This precious metal is also used in dentistry: it is part of the alloy used as an denture material. Recently, it has been used to produce anti-cancer drugs.
We have been in the precious metal recycling industry for decades, and the recycling business is not limited to palladium. To learn more about precious metals, you can continue to follow us and we will answer your questions!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-