He Zehui: Known as China’s Madame Curie, self-evaluation is often out of fashion

Author: Shan Jia

Speaking of two bombs and one star, we always think of Qian Xuesen , Qian Sanqiang _5 span5 and others. In fact, there is another scientist who has made outstanding contributions to the cause of two bombs . She is today’s heroine He Zehui , and is known as China’s " Madame Curie ". It was she who discovered the three-split and four-split nuclei and was one of the pioneers and founders of China's atomic energy physics.

Unexpectedly, He Zehui is Yang Jiang is a young girl who is studying in Suzhou Zhenhua Girls' High School. And He Zehui's grandmother, Xie Da, is the founder of Zhenhua Girls' High School.

The so-called Zhenhua means the revitalization of China. In Xie Da's opinion, even women can contribute to the revitalization of the country. This thought was very advanced at the time.

Zehui's third aunt, Wang Jiyu, never married, will always be Yang Jiang's heartfelt gratitude to the old principal.

Zehui, who was born in a scholarly family, has a unique temperament. She studied at Tsinghua University , then studied in Germany, and then went to a foreign country to hold the top three Qian. Bai is so refreshing? And her evaluation of herself,But it is "often doing things that are out of date" and "speaking unpleasant things". Why is this?

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Span4 was born in Suzhou on the 14th day of a tiger girl. Dad He Cheng, who studied in Japan, followed Sun Yat-sen in revolutionary activities and later became a collector. The famous Master of the Nets Garden in Suzhou is his private house. My mother Wang Jishan is a physics translator.

grandmother Xie Chang, deeply influenced by the idea of ​​scientific governance, founded the famous Zhenhua Girls' School in 1906. Later, the third aunt Wang Jiyu took over the banner of Zhenhua and became the principal. Zehui spent her primary and secondary school there.

Zehui has been a schoolmaster since she was a child. She always takes first place in exams, but her third aunt will always change her to second and third. Perhaps, Wang Jiyu's expectation of his niece is Wang Jiyu's expectation of the loss of a full blow and the benefit of the modest. However, what is wondering is how did Zehui know that the third aunt changed her ranking?

The famous Zhang Daqian lived in the Master of the Nets Garden when he arrived in Suzhou. Zhang Daqian painted and gave it to Zehui and her brothers and sisters after finishing the painting. But how can the children of He family understand the preciousness of these paintings? They took Zhang Daqian's paintings and folded them into paper airplanes, and all of them were flying in the sky. If these paintings are kept until now, they will be worth the money of the old nose!

In 1932, Ze Hui was admitted to the Department of Physics of Tsinghua University with excellent results. As soon as I stepped into the school gate, people didn’t recognize it,New girls in the physics department were persuaded by the head of the physics department, Ye Qisun, to change the department.

This really makes Zehui angry. She grew up in a big family of equality between men and women, how can she easily bow her head? She argued with reason: "Why do you set a gender requirement in addition to the test score? Why don't you let me read it, I just want to read it!" Okay, you girls try to study for a semester, but if you don't get good grades, you must leave.

After four years of arduous study, Zehui not only did not transfer to another department, but also graduated with the highest score in the thesis class. This really makes the second-ranked Qian Sanqiang look at him. Xiao Nizi, that's amazing!

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is the first choice for students in the Department of Physics. But the professor recommended all boys, but Zehui was ignored.

happened to be from Shanxi's Zehui. I heard a provision of the Shanxi Provincial Government: After graduating from a national university, students from Shanxi who go abroad to study can receive a subsidy of 3000 oceans for 3 years. So, she decided to study in Germany, because at that time, Germany's ordnance technology and science and engineering education were second to none in the world.

September 1936,He Zehui came to Berlin Higher Institute of Technology and applied to enter the Department of Technical Physics to study the experiment ballistics .

Therefore, the department has a close relationship with the German military industry and generally does not accept foreigners to study there.

In particular, the head of the department, Kranz, is engaged in ballistics research, which belongs to the military sensitive field and has a high degree of confidentiality. It is impossible for him to accept foreign students.

said that without investigation, there is no right to speak. Zehui learned in advance: This director of Kranz once worked as a consultant in the Nanjing Ordnance Department. So, she calmly confronted the department head Xiao Zhiyi: "You can come to China to be an adviser to our Ordnance Department to help us fight against Japanese invaders. I came here to study this major to fight against Japanese invaders. Why don't you? Take me?"

In the end, Klanci was moved by Zehui's sincerity, and he fell to accept her. This is also the first time that the Department of Technical Physics of the school has enrolled Chinese girls, and this is the first time that the ballistics major has enrolled girls.

In 1941, Pacific War broke out, the German border was blocked, and it was impossible to communicate with the outside world. Zehui, who had obtained a doctorate in engineering, was forced to stay in Germany and lost contact with her family.

After contacting her relatives many times without success, Zehui chose to ask Tsinghua classmate Qian Sanqiang for help.

Qian's three strong, is the second son of Qian Xuantong .Who is Qian Xuantong? Master of Chinese Studies Zhang Taiyan, disciple of , master of modern language and writing. At this time, he was studying radium with Curie's daughter in the Curie laboratory of the University of Paris in France.

Zehui wrote to Qian Sanqiang immediately, hoping to do me a favor, please convey safety news to your family. At this time, Qian Sanqiang was no longer calm.

Zehui is from Suzhou, simple and quiet, Xiuwaihuizhong, who left a deep impression on Qian Sanqiang.

In 1943, Germany and France resumed postal services, but it was stipulated that communications should not exceed 25 words.

But with the spread of the war, Zehui moved to engage in nuclear physics experimental research. This is very similar to Qian Sanqiang’s research work, so the two are getting closer and closer,

In 1945, the 32-year-old Qian Sanqiang mustered up his courage and sent out a proposal letter within 25 words: " After a long-term correspondence, I asked you to get married. If you agree, please reply."

After the letter was sent, Qian Sanqiang still felt uneasy. What if the girl refused? Unexpectedly, after receiving the reply, Qian Sanqiang smiled, "Thank you for your love, I will be loyal to you forever, and we will return home together when we meet."

Generally speaking, girls receive a marriage proposal After the letter, I would always hold the plus, I didn't expect Zehui from Jiangnan to be so considerate and not so crooked.

April 8, 1946The Chinese Embassy in Paris, Zehui and Qian Sanqiang registered their marriage here. Since then, Zehui has her own home in a foreign country.

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At that time, there was a shortage of funds. In order to purchase experimental equipment, the two ran around looking for components from second-hand goods and made the equipment by themselves.

Zehui recalled: "I didn't have any equipment at that time. I thought it was very interesting. Solving the problem by myself, I think nothing can bother me."

in 1959, 4span The Soviet Union tore up the agreement and withdrew the experts. Faced with such a situation, our country has decided to study the atomic bomb on its own. Researchers are recommended by Qian Sanqiang, such as Deng Jiaxian. Zehui has not entered the first line of research on nuclear weapons. To this end, her attitude is: No matter whether you are worthy of you or sorry for you, don't fight.

During the development of the hydrogen bomb, there was a data that authoritative experts considered unreliable and decided to retest this data. This experiment requires several months to complete. So Zehui took her team around the clock and worked it out in a few months, proving that the original data was wrong. In normal times, such physics experiments take two to three years. It can be seen that Zehui and his team are passionate about contributing to the cause of nuclear energy.

Zehui and Qian Sanqiang have two daughters and one son, and the eldest daughter Qian Zuxuan,Second daughter Qian Minxie, son Qian Sijin . Parents are busy with work and can only be taken care of by the nanny. Later, the children were sent to the boarding kindergarten and returned home every two weeks.

The weekend is a good time for the money family. Zehui is very good at cooking, she can cook all kinds of fish in Suzhou, and she makes egg dumplings , which are also super delicious.

Moreover, Zehui is ingenious and ingenious. All the sweaters in the family are knitted by herself. Just the sweater needles at home, there is a full drawer.

What impresses the children the most is that Zehui is very serious in doing things, and she does everything she looks for. In 1969, Zehui and his wife were sent to the Heyang Cadre School in Shaanxi to participate in labor. Because Zehui was in poor health, she was assigned to ring the bell.

Even if it is ringing the bell, Zehui is as meticulous as she is measuring data in a laboratory. She listens to the radio broadcast every day and taps at the time on the radio. As soon as the bell rings, everyone starts to check the watch, and the accuracy has never been worse than a second.

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insists on doing research, and China’s research has always been opposed. The more personnel expenses, the better, and the larger the equipment, the better." And for any entertainment or invitation, she always said: "That's a waste of time, so I won't go." Zehui's self-evaluation is that she often does things that are out of date and speaks inappropriate things.

Yes, in an interview with CCTV's "Everyone" column, Zehui told the surprising truth.

The host said: You two bombs and one star heroes who have made such a great contribution to the country should be proud and proud.

Zehui replied: What is proud of? They were all copied-the Soviet experts received the news of the withdrawal, and immediately asked us to copy all the atomic bomb data and drawings, and let us use the camera if we couldn't finish copying them.

And Zehui explained why this is the case: For scientists with a conscience, the atomic bomb should not be produced. Since it is produced, one or two countries cannot monopolize the atomic bomb data. Leaked to the Soviet Union...

In 2009, when celebrating Zehui's 95th birthday, academician Li Tibei wrote an article-

In Mr. Ho, scientific research is to explore the true nature of nature. . Power and background, pomp and momentum, and gorgeous packaging have no effect on Mr. He; from time to time, like the kid who can't see the emperor's new clothes, she coldly pops out an out-of-the-ordinary truth that is whip into it.

On June 20, 2011, Academician He Zehui died at Peking Union Medical College Hospital at the age of 97.

June 15, 2017China's first space X-ray telescope took off, its name " 慧眼", it is to commemorate Academician He Zehui. "Wise Eyes" stared at the universe with its deep gaze, and loved this amorous land like Academician He Zehui...

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