In 1957, the United Kingdom built the 76-meter Lovell radio telescope ;
In 1963, the United States built a 305-meter Arecibo spherical radio telescope;
In 1972, Germany built a 100-meter parabolic radio telescope _p
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China, a radio telescope with an aperture of only 25 meters was built in 1993.
In this context, in 1993, at the Congress of the International Radio Science Union, astronomers proposed: multinational joint development of large radio telescopes.
Nanrendong Hearing the news, he immediately proposed to the Chinese Academy of Sciences to seize this opportunity and strive to build a "large radio telescope" in China.
such a proposal is undoubtedly an idiotic dream and the contempt of the peers.Enough to step the Chinese 25-meter radio telescope underfoot.
Nan Rendong, this stubborn and stubborn old man, who gritted his teeth and spent his entire life, after more than 20 years, has firmly rooted a radio telescope with a 500-meter diameter in the world after more than 20 years. Guizhou.
The world marveled, and the Chinese miracle was born; the Chinese lamented that Nan Rendong, who was "not crazy or devil", passed away from overwork.
In February 1945, Nan Rendong was born in Liaoyuan, Jilin. There is Longshou Mountain. When Nan Rendong was a child, he liked to climb to the top of the mountain to see the stars. He was very interested in the starry sky. When reading the "Geography" textbook, he thought: "Are the stars seen in the southern hemisphere the same as we see? _Span13span
However, Nan Rendong is interested in too many things, and he is not perfunctory about what he is interested in, so he has to delve into everything.
He likes art and literature. He often draws in class, peeks at little people's books, and reads books when he has money. His obsession touches all the bookstand owners. Later on Let him watch it for free.
He likes to take photos, so he takes a camera to take pictures everywhere, and after taking pictures, he prepares his own developing potion. After dusk, he puts together the desks and chairs in the classroom, takes off his clothes and surrounds them, and creates one "Darkroom," really washed out the photos.
Nan Rendong is so strong,It allowed him to accumulate a wealth of knowledge and laid the foundation for his future development. In the college entrance examination, Nan Rendong was admitted to Tsinghua University with an average score of 98.6, ranking first in science in Jilin Province.
Nan Rendong likes architecture. The Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University reported that the scores of the Department of Architecture of Tsinghua University are more than 50 points higher than the admission scores of Tsinghua University. , He was transferred to the radio major.
Nan Rendong was not happy at first, but his father said, "Isn't it better for the country to have one less architect and one more radio scientist?" The 18-year-old Nan Rendong accepted the school's arrangement.
In university, in addition to learning knowledge, Nan Rendong also traveled across the country. This journey greatly inspired Nan Rendong's patriotic consciousness, and he had a strong desire to contribute to the motherland. When he returned to Tsinghua Park, he grew a moustache. Some people say that he was influenced by Lu Xun and had a clear mind.
After graduating from university, Nan Rendong was assigned to the Tonghua radio factory. In the production practice in the factory, those in Nan Rendong like to work, especially In his work, he has honed the worker characteristics of "meticulousness" and "work closely", so Nan Rendong always does what he does.
once, participated in the factory meeting,There was a portrait of Chairman Mao on the stage. Nan Rendong didn't think it was enough. He couldn't help but complain to the people around him. When the other party heard it, he replied: "You said the painting is not good, you paint?" Nan Rendongzhen He proposed to the factory director that he wanted to paint a huge portrait of Chairman Mao.
This is a serious political task. The director was afraid that he could not paint well, so he kept quiet. He arranged Nan Rendong in a big house where no one went. He painted day and night, and finally painted A 5-meter-high portrait of Chairman Mao came out, and the director invited the bureau leaders to secretly check and accept it.
When this lifelike portrait was officially hung up, everyone in the factory was amazed: this top student of Tsinghua University is still a painter!
In 1969, the factory received a task to develop a portable small radio. Nan Rendong was responsible for designing the physical image of the radio.
He repeated calculations, combined various factors, drew the physical map, and gave the specific data of each part. The team members cooperated to form a full set of drawings and produced the mold. In the end, the injection molding test was passed once, and the professional seven-level mold masters all sighed.
In 1970, the factory received the task of developing a 10-kilowatt TV transmitter. Nanrendong asked another technician Liu Shaoyu to take this task. Liu Shaoyu felt that TV transmitters were not something anyone wanted to do. , They can't do it.
Nan Rendong was dissatisfied: "How can it be impossible, semiconductor radio, have we also done it?" Later, Nan Rendong said: "People do something!" Impressed by Liu Shaoyu, the two asked the factory together.
is approved,They started by reading and studying the existing scientific research drawings. Everyone in the development team was very involved. As the team leader, Nan Rendong was even more so. He held the drawings in his hand and a cigarette in his mouth. He stayed up all night and his eyes were red.
The TV transmitter they developed passed the provincial inspection and acceptance and was approved by the Jilin Province Industrial Design Department. First place.
Later, Tonghua Radio Factory and Jilin University cooperated to develop a computer, and Nan Rendong served as the leader of the trial production group. After mass production of the products, their factory became one of the three major taxpayers in Tonghua City, Nanren Dongya was promoted to chief of technical section.
At the Tonghua Radio Factory, he stayed for 10 years. When he was preparing to enter the integrated circuit, the college entrance examination resumed, should he give up the integrated circuit to take the postgraduate entrance examination?
Nan Rendong hesitated. At this time, a senior told him that he must have a long-term vision and go to further studies in order to make greater contributions to the country.
is like an arrangement in the dark. In 1978, Nan Rendong, who loved watching the stars since he was a child, was admitted to the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences as a graduate student of and transferred from radio to astrophysics.
When he left the factory and went to Beijing to report, Nan Rendong was suddenly reluctant, and he cried when he got in the car that left Tonghua.She cried until she reached the gang of Jinzhougou.
After school started, Nan Rendong sat at the cold and clear observatory observatory. What he thought was the factory’s hot scientific research and production during the past ten years. When I was doing it, I suddenly felt that it was too impractical and a waste of time to ponder the starry sky. So, less than two months after school started, he picked up his backpack and returned to the factory.
Later, after various persuasion, Nan Rendong returned to school. The instructor told him about the recent development of astronomy. In the past sixties, mankind had made significant gains in the field of astronomy, but none of the four major astronomical discoveries were discovered by the Chinese.
This aroused Nan Rendong's fighting spirit in astronomy, and Nan Rendong finally set off toward the sea of stars. After graduating from graduate school, he continued to study for PhD in astrophysics.
In 1985, 40-year-old Nan Rendong was invited to visit observatories in various countries. Compared with the big series in college, this time he has gone further. He traveled across Siberia by train to the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe .
Nanrendong does not have a lot of money. When the money is not enough halfway, I will give people a portrait on the side of the road and buy a ticket to move on.
After the study tour, Nan Rendong returned to work at the Beijing Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.In 1993, Nan Rendong was already the chairman of the Beijing Astronomical Society. International astronomers proposed to build a large radio telescope (SKA), which coincided with Nan Rendong. He always wanted to change the backward situation and wanted to build a university in China. Radio telescope.
So, he can’t wait to seize this opportunity.
Nan Rendong smoked a cigarette, pondered word by word, and wrote the "Large Radio Telescope" (LT) proposal in more than 17,300 words "Book", between the lines are all his ardent expectations.
After receiving the support of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nan Rendong immediately started the site selection work. He went to the Institute of Remote Sensing of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to find Nie Yueping. Nie Yueping was 36 years old and was doing postdoctoral research at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Remote Sensing.
After listening to Nan Rendong's request, Nie Yueping asked, "Why don't you go to Guizhou?" Nie Yueping analyzed that Guizhou's karst landforms can drain automatically, and a large pit magnifying telescope would be suitable there. Nan Rendong was very excited when he heard this: "You go to Guizhou again, hurry up, and get a feel for it first, okay?"
was infected by Nan Rendong, without much thought, Nie Yueping agreed: "Okay, I'll find it for you."
In order to grab time, Nan Rendong specially approved Nie Yueping to go by plane. At that time, they were very energetic. Although Nan Rendong expected the site selection work to be difficult and knew that the Jianda radio telescope was difficult, they did not expect that it would take more than ten years to select the site.
For more than ten years,In order to forge this important weapon of the country, Nan Rendong, scholars from all walks of life and the people of Guizhou have gone through an arduous long march.
The biggest difficulty right now is not having money. The Jianda radio telescope has not been approved yet, and there is no funding. Such a large project is almost impossible to complete without a large fixed funding support.
Fortunately, there are the greatest scholars and the greatest people in China, and they pay for nothing and can always accomplish some great things.
Nie Yueping has already figured it out. Even if he has no funds, he must find a way to do a good job in site selection. He has this confidence and has this responsibility. After more than ten years, he not only did not want to go south Rendong gave money and went everywhere to find money to help Nan Rendong.
The Guizhou government and the people are also very supportive. The farmers in the mountains are very poor, but every time experts go to investigate, the farmers always have to kill the home-brewed chickens. Wine, entertain them warmly.
In some places, it is inconvenient for scientific research personnel to go because there are no traffic roads. The local government immediately organized farmers to build roads. Among them, Puding County built 8 kilometers of roads. Because the local area was too poor and there was no road construction funds, the government only subsidized farmers a little grain and cotton. In the severe cold, a new road was built in a few months.
This kindness has always supported Nan Rendong through many difficult days.
How difficult those days were, outsiders can’t imagine. Striving for the international SKA project is almost impossible to succeed. Those developed countries would rather let SKA be built in Africa than agree to build it in China. If you want to develop, you have to make your own way in the high-tech field, but this is not easy.
In the first few years of hard work, there was no result. Nan Rendong realized that he could not put his hopes on fighting for SKA. If you can't get the chance, then build a 500-meter radio telescope independently.
In July 1997, experts from the China Promotion Committee of the Large Radio Telescope formally proposed the idea of independently building the world's largest single-aperture spherical telescope (FAST) by my country. In March 1999, the FAST pre-study of the large radio telescope was launched.
Then comes a more complicated dilemma. The Arecibo telescope in the United States is no longer open to the outside world. Nan Rendong's application to go to the United States has been denied many times. An invisible force is preventing China from building FAST.
The American evaluation of FAST is outdated, and there are many voices questioning the FAST project at home and abroad. Among them, the domestic voice is even harsher than the United States. Some people say that this is a fake plan, and some people say that this is a "fishing plan." Nan Rendong fell into a situation of "domestic and diplomatic difficulties".
Nan Rendong sent an email to a Dutch astronomer, telling his thoughts, and the other party replied: "No, how can a country that can't do a good job with a car engine be a'big radio telescope'?" "This is an old friend he has known for many years. These words are very stimulating to Nan Rendong.
In order to persuade more astronomers to support China, Nan Rendong started to suck up the whole world. He talked about the big radio project whenever he met, and he tirelessly explained every innovative concept of FAST to different people. Nan Rendong, who has always been low-key, went to CCTV's "Span11span Hundreds of Forum ", just to use the forum to introduce FAST.
In the long years, Nan Rendong has always been on the front line. The domestic and foreign countries have been on the front lines, and FAST has been in contact with universities and research institutes to seek support.
In China, Nanrendong only rides on the green train with hard seats, and introduces FAST to people on the train, which looks like a salesman. When he went abroad, he and his assistant lived in the same room. The hotel asked for money for meals. Nan Rendong brought his own dry food.
The pre-research needs to invite many experts. Nanrendong will find cheap hotels where the experts can stay. Ask the experts to have a buffet, Nan Rendong only arranges a small room, in addition to the seats for the experts, another seat is arranged. The assistant is the academic secretary of FAST, who also acts as a translator. Nan Rendong did not arrange the position of assistant separately.
When Nanrendong went out to smoke during the dinner,Just ask the assistant to go in, help translate and answer some questions, and eat something by the way, which is equivalent to sharing a seat for two people, saving one person's meal.
Nan Rendong is a veritable "iron rooster" and also a "beggar gang leader". If you want to save money, you have to look for funds everywhere. The sadness is self-evident, Nan Rendong Not Superman, he also has times of breakdown.
In 2005, Nan Rendong was sixty years old. Once, an assistant went to the toilet and passed through Nan Rendong’s office. He heard crying and pushed the door in. He saw Nan Rendong sitting on the ground and crying , Even though she tried to suppress it, she cried out. The embarrassed Nan Rendong stopped crying and yelled: "Get out of here!"
The assistant was taken aback and asked: "Teacher Nan, don't worry, what can I do?"
Nan Rendong is still sitting on the ground: "I am sixty years old and can retire. I'm fine, but me students, what should they do?" The assistant saw the open on the table, and the application for funding was not yet available. Approved documents.
The assistant poured a glass of water for Nan Rendong and helped him up. Nan Rendong continued: "In this age of money, my students are watching the stars. They are all excellent People who are now running ravines with me, what they do is incompatible with the economic environment. What do they do?"
He cried, not only for not applying for funding, but also for the future of the students and the future of FAST , He has many worries in his heart.
In the summer of 2006,The multi-country competition finally yielded results, and China was not unexpectedly ruled out. The SKA project was determined to be built in Australia and South Africa. It is expected to be completed in 2024 and put into use in 2030.
This result completely broke Nan Rendong’s retreat. He initially felt that China did not have enough power to do "large radio". The biggest ambition was to introduce "large radio" into China. With the help of international forces, this road is now blocked.
However, in November of the same year, the foreign expert opinions of the FAST International Evaluation Committee came. The evaluation opinions of experts from various countries were concentrated on Lu Guoyong, Director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory of the United States, which was compiled by Lu Guoyong and given Clear opinions. At the end of the submission, Lu Guoyong clearly stated: The FAST project is feasible, and it is recommended that the project be established and constructed as soon as possible.
Nan Rendong shed tears when he saw this result. He was grateful to Lu Guoyong. He was grateful that although he was the director of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory in the United States, he still loved his home country.
In 2007, FAST formally established the project. Nan Rendong called in students and team members to tell everyone: "The establishment of FAST does not mean victory. We have just set off, just like Columbus and Magellan have just set off. There will be unimaginable storms ahead."
There is no precedent to build FAST. There is no precedent for building FAST, and many technical problems need to be tackled independently. Radio telescopes need to rely on the flexible expansion and contraction of the cable net to adjust the reflecting surface. The fatigue resistance standard for steel cables is 500 MPa. At that time, steel cables at home and abroad could not meet this standard, and the ordinary standard only used 250 MPa.
Nan Rendong took everyone to start the experiment with the basic material. They found that the basic material can reach 550 MPa. Since the basic material is possible, there is hope.
In the face of repeated test failures, Nan Rendong said: "We have no retreat, we must do it again!" In two years, the test was repeated countless times. In the second half of 2011, the cable net resisted fatigue The problem was finally solved.
Because the preliminary work has been done well and adequately, the FAST project started in 2011 and the progress was very fast. Nothing is more exciting than watching one's dream come true little by little.
FAST engineering circle beams closed on the day, 68-year-old Nan Rendong, dressed in tooling, wearing a safety helmet, was the first one on the high beam to welcome the cold The wind ran in circles, leaping happily in mid-air like a child.
There are six iron towers installed on the surrounding mountains, with a minimum of 112 meters and a maximum of 173 meters. After each installation is completed, Nan Rendong has to climb to the top of the tower himself. At this time, Nan Rendong was 69 years old. His body was in some condition. He often stopped talking, his breathing became louder and louder, and his appetite was significantly reduced.
The students tried to persuade him to go up, but they couldn’t persuade him. One student said, “I feel like Teacher Nan is climbing the tower.It's like hugging one's own child. _Span13span
On February 4, 2015, the Spring Festival is approaching. Nan Rendong is also fighting on the construction site with the workers. The FAST project installed the last steel cable, and the large-span cable net was installed to close and support. The completion of the frame construction is a landmark day.
But Nan Rendong fell ill soon after the Spring Festival, he was diagnosed with lung cancer, late stage.
In fact, Nan Rendong’s health has long been showing signs of ill health, but Nan Rendong refused to go to the hospital. He was afraid of finding major problems and was afraid of delaying time.
once was so uncomfortable that Nan Rendong chose a small hospital with few people for examination. Later, he needed to pay for an expert consultation, or spend time to go to the big hospital to arrange numbers. Nan Rendong didn’t want to see it anymore, he didn’t. Time and no money.
Assistant Zhang Chengmin asked the hospital to intercede, saying that Nan Rendong is a very important scientist. The hospital requires Nan Rendong to show his academician certificate, but Nan Rendong is not an academician yet. Nan Rendong gave up further treatment. In order to save money and save time, Nan Rendong has been mad for FAST. He said that he would rather die!
Nan Rendong’s time is running out He didn’t eat fish in the cafeteria, didn’t have time to stab, he missed his meal at work, and he couldn’t wait for the chef to cook for him, so he just scraped the leftovers from the pot of vegetables and leftover soup and eat. ,He had an operation, and he had to lie down for a few days to recover after the operation. He didn't go for treatment, it was really painful, so he sat on the cold ground and pressed it down. The cold numbness didn't feel any more pain.
Many people can’t understand, what about Nanren Dongtu? Nan Rendong once said to his assistant: "There is a good saying: Don't ask what the country has given you, but ask yourself what you have done for the country." No matter how difficult it is, Nan Rendong will not forget the original intention of contributing to the motherland. .
November 21, 2015, the "eyeball" of the SkyEye, the core component of receiving and returning signals, the feeder module was successfully installed! Nan Rendong raised his right hand and covered it in front of the helmet, as if paying tribute to the feeder cabin. With a smile on his face, tears had already flowed down.
In July 2016, the last reflective panel was installed, but Nan Rendong was not at the scene. He was in very bad health and was sent back to Beijing for treatment.
On September 25, 2016, FAST was completed and commissioned. This is my country's independent intellectual property rights, the world's largest single-aperture and most sensitive radio telescope. It took five and a half years from construction to completion.
"Chinese Sky Eye" opened the world. Dawotai in the deep mountains of Guizhou has become the farthest place to see on earth.
Nan Rendong dragged his weak body to participate in the opening ceremony,This day was the 25th day of the eighth lunar month, and the sky was full of stars. He watched and watched in front of the FAST system until late at night. It was a star farther than the stars he saw when he was a child, the childish child once. old.
Less than a year later, Nan Rendong passed away. The "Chinese Eye" became the swan song of his life, but the most precious thing he left behind spirit. As his student said, Nan Rendong is a down-to-earth person looking up at the stars.
In the last interview, Nan Rendong said hoarsely, I am afraid of owing to the country and others. I just did a little bit of responsibility.
END
.. [text | curly]
[Edit | Daniel Lee]
[typesetting | drizzle]
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