R136a1 in the Spider Nebula of the Large Magellanic Cloud has a thunderous title: the most massive star known, this is a star that exceeds the Eddington limit, theoretically it should not exist, but it was not only born , And it is emitting light violently!
About the most massive star in the universe, R136a1
The Spider Nebula of the Large Magellanic Cloud is a feng shui treasure land that produces massive stars, among the 1, 2 and 2 in the R136a cluster 3 are all here, each is a star that exceeds Eddington's limit and is more than 150 times the mass of the sun!
The Spider Nebula zoomed into the supercluster R136a, R136a1, R136a2, and R136a3 are located at the bottom right.
R136a1 is the research team of Paul Crowther, Professor of Astrophysics at the University of Sheffield, UK. Released in July 2010, they used data from the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope to analyze the speckle interferometry of the hologram and discovered the high-density star cluster R136a. The surface temperature of these stars is as high as 40,000 K, which is the sun. 7 times more!
Center R136a1 and its nearby star
while the temperature of R136a1 exceeds 50000K. It is measured that its mass is about 265 times that of the sun and its size is 35 times that of the sun. The luminosity is more than 8.7 million times that of the sun, but according to its current rate of loss of matter, in the early stage of its birth, the mass may be as high as 320 times that of the sun.
About the Eddington limit
Stars and planets are statically balanced celestial bodies, but unlike stars, there is nuclear fusion in the core of a star, and its powerful energy release will produce outward radiation This is the reason why stars in the main sequence stage burn steadily. At the red giant stage, the radiation pressure exceeds the gravitational collapse, and the star gradually expands. In the supernova explosion, the core develops the iron core and loses the core. Radiation pressure, the shell collapses and hits the core, triggering a supernova explosion!
So stable radiation pressure is very important, but it is related to the mass of the star. The higher the mass, the higher the temperature caused by the gravitational collapse of the inner core, and the burning of nuclear fusion. The more intense it is, even in the main sequence star phase, the inner core starts to move around, and the surface material of the star will be carried away from the star by the super stellar wind, causing a lot of material loss!
Therefore, the mass limit of a star is about 150 solar masses. This is the Eddington luminosity limit named by the British physicist Eddington. If it exceeds, the radiation pressure will cause A large amount of matter is lost. In the natural state, it is impossible to produce stars with more than 150 times the mass of the sun. This is determined by the luminous mechanism of the star. In fact, if it does not emit light, the mass is smaller, and the celestial body exceeds 3.2 times the Oppenheimer limit. The mass of the sun collapsed into a black hole!
Why does R136a1 still exist?
Astronomers speculate that it may be formed by the merger of multiple stars. This is related to the R136a high-density star cluster. It is very common to give birth to double stars and multiple weeks in primitive nebulae. On the contrary, stars like the sun are very common. Rare, so there is a chance to merge to produce the super star R136a1!
seems to be caused by cheating, but the existence is reasonable, and it does greatly broaden the field of vision of astronomers. They originally thought that stars with more than 150 solar masses do not exist. of!
If R136a1 is in the position of Proxima Centauri, what will happen to the earth?
The bright R136a1 should be easy to find. Why have you never heard of such bright stars? In fact, the Large Magellanic Cloud is at leastThere are 165,000 light-years, so a star as bright as R136a1 looks only 12.77 magnitude, and the naked eye can see the 6th magnitude. This 12.77 is more than 500 times darker than the naked eye!
If R136a1 is placed on Proxima, what will happen to the earth?
How will the earth become? Even if you know it, the first effect is, how brighter it will become? According to the absolute magnitude formula conversion,
visual magnitude and absolute magnitude conversion
After calculation, R136a1 is about -12.65 magnitude at the position of the neighboring star, this Approximately the brightness of the full moon is slightly lower, but it is much more dazzling than the full moon because it is a point light source, while the full moon is a surface light source.
Another question is, will its gravity affect the earth? In fact, according to the Hill ball, we can know that the earth will not be affected by the gravity of R136a1 four light-years away, because its influence on the earth is only one-200 millionth of that of the sun, so you still can’t wash and sleep, because if R136a1 If a supernova explodes 4 light years away, that would be incredible!
R136a1 How powerful is the supernova explosion? The future of
R136a1 is a very supernova. The energy is more than 100 times that of ordinary supernova. The core will collapse into a black hole, or R136a1 will develop into an unstable pair of supernova. Then there will be no black hole, and a star with 265 times the mass of the sun will be completely Disperse in a supernova explosion! It is difficult to evaluate the direct impact of the diffuse material from the outer nebula in 4 light years on the solar system, but the burst of light radiation and gamma-ray radiation will completely destroy the earth!
It is generally believed that the gamma rays of supernovae within 100 light-years can extinct life on the earth. If it erupts 4 light-years away, the earth will suffer from full-wavelength radiation. Scorching the earth several times, you don’t even have to consider gamma rays destroying DNA, because the earth has been scorched!
So moving R136a1 over is definitely not a good thing!
The far right is UY
Finally, UY Scutum is only the largest known (diameter is about the same as the orbit of Saturn), but its mass is only 7-10 that of the sun. Times, but R136a1 is its huge mass, the diameter is not large!
