November 3 in history
Main events:
1: November 3, 1957—Soviet dog-carrying satellite 2 to the sky
2: November 3, 1964—Lantian ape skull was discovered
3: November 3, 1982— Mao Yisheng was awarded the title of Foreign Academician of the American Engineering Society
4: November 3, 1987—United Nations awarded Yuan Longping science award
5: November 3, 1997— Beijing-Kowloon Railway Beijing-Kowloon Railway
4: November 3, 1987—United Nations awarded Yuan Longping science award
5: November 3, 1997— Beijing-Kowloon Railway l5 successfully passed the national acceptance
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November 3, 1957 - Soviet dog-carrying satellite 2 went to heaven
The first animal in space just became a hero for 6 days and died in a desperate situation
When the beeping sound from Soviet satellite had already upset the Americans, Satellite 2 carrying a dog named Leica went to heaven again on November 3, 1957. This was an unexpected trick by a Soviet man. Some instruments tied to puppies can provide information on whether animals can survive in outer space.
Satellite 2 weighs 1120.29 pounds, which is 6 times that of Satellite 1 . It is also equipped with more advanced instruments for measuring cosmic rays, temperatures, pressures, etc. than Satellite 1.
As the first creature in space, the satellite's acceleration and weightlessness did not have any adverse effects on it, it still died 6 days later, when the oxygen in the unreturnable Soviet artificial satellite was exhausted.
In any case, this is enough to make the entire American public opinion a big uproar. The appearance of a dog on Satellite 2 clearly shows that the Soviets were ultimately sending a person to the moon. Most Americans have been determined to defeat the Soviet Union on the desolate moon, and they have become intolerable to the United States' backwardness in the space race. There is a big-word title in the Pittsburgh News that begged: "Ike, launch satellites."
Sure enough, one month later, on December 6, the United States launched their first satellite, but it tragically exploded during its launch.
Under the gaze of people, the second section of the troubled US Navy Pioneer Missile was placed in the first section, and the Pioneer Missile was erected on the Caravelal missile launch pad. On December 6, the United States launched its first satellite with this rocket. The Pioneer Rocket, carrying the satellite, exploded two seconds later. Fortunately, the satellite was not damaged and continued to send a signal. American public opinion believes that this failure is an "unfortunate shame." Then on the 16th of the same month, the United States immediately launched the intercontinental missile Atlas (previously the Soviet Union announced the successful test of the intercontinental missile on August 26 and claimed to surpass the United States in cutting-edge military technology, while the intercontinental missile launched by the United States on June 2 ended in failure), which somewhat saved some face.
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1964--The skull of Lantian ape man was found
In early November 1964, Chinese scientists found an ape man skull in Gongwangling in Lantian County, Shaanxi Province. This is the only ape skull in our country.
The skull of the ape man discovered in Zhoukoudian, Beijing in 1929 was unknown before liberation. The ape skull is an extremely precious material for studying the origin of of humans. So far, only the skulls of apes have been found in Zhoukoudian, , Indonesian Java and Algeria Tunifin. On May 31, 1965, the scientific community of my country held a report meeting on Lantian Ape Man in Beijing. Dean of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Guo Moruo said in the report that the discovery of the skull of Lantian Ape Man is another major contribution of Chinese scientists to the study of the origin of human beings. Scientists believe that Lantian Ape Man is earlier than Peking Ape Man , and it is fifty or six hundred thousand years ago.
"Blue Field Ape Man" skull dates about 800,000 years ago and belongs to the early Paleolithic Age. In 1964, excavated in Gongwangling, east of the county town of Lantian County, Shaanxi Province, because it is called " Lantian people ".In the years when Lantian people lived, their physical characteristics were: the skull bone wall was extremely thick, the forehead bone was very wide, leaning backward, the eyebrow ridge was thick, the brain capacity was very small, about 780 ml, and the skull height was very small. These characteristics indicate that Lantian people were still relatively primitive.
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1982-Mao Yisheng was awarded the title of Foreign Academician of the American Engineering Society
Bridge expert Mao Yisheng (January 9, 1896-November 12, 1989)
November 3, 1982, Mao Yisheng, a famous Chinese bridge expert and vice chairman of the Chinese Association for Science and Technology, was awarded the title of Foreign Academician of the Society at the 18th Annual Meeting of the "National Engineering Society" in the United States.
The "National Engineering Society" of the United States was established in 1964. It is the most advanced academic institution in the United States in engineering in the United States, with 1,099 domestic academicians and 97 foreign academicians.
Professor Mao Yisheng is the first scientist in China to receive the title of Foreign Academician of the Society. He arrived in the United States on October 27 to attend the ceremony the society awarded him the title.
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November 3, 1987—The United Nations awarded Yuan Longping the Science Award
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1987 On November 3, 1987, UNESCO presented the 1987 Science Award to Chinese expert Yuan Longping at the Paris headquarters in recognition of his outstanding achievements in cultivating high-yield hybrid rice .
Yuan Longping, who was 57 years old at the time, was a researcher at , a researcher at the Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences and director of the Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center. He has been engaged in hybrid rice cultivation for a long time. The scientific research group he led has cultivated a series of hybrid rice combinations with strong advantages and promoted them on a large scale in agricultural production, achieving significant economic benefits.
The hybrid rice varieties cultivated by Yuan Longping have achieved good results in trials in the United States, Japan, India, Pakistan , Indonesia and other countries.
UNESCO Director-General M Bo pointed out in his speech at the award ceremony that Yuan Longping's scientific research results are the "second green revolution" after the international cultivation of semi-dwarf rice in the early 1970s.
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1997-Beijing-Kowloon Railway successfully passed the national acceptance
1997 On the morning of November 3, 1997, 41 members of the National Acceptance Committee of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway solemnly signed their names on the "Beijing-Kowloon Railway Project Acceptance Certificate". At this point, the Beijing-Kowloon Railway, which has been in trial operation for 14 months, has officially passed the national acceptance. The "Acceptance Certificate" clearly states: "The Beijing-Kowloon Railway's overall design and construction quality is a model for high-quality, fast and efficient railway construction."
spans nine provinces and cities in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong. The Beijing-Kowloon Railway, with a total length of 2,553 kilometers, started construction in sections from north to south since November 1992. It was connected in advance at the border of Jiangxi and Guangdong Province in November 1995. On April 1, 1996, the entire line was achieved. In August of the same year, the Ministry of Railways organized preliminary acceptance of the entire line, and it was handed over to the Beijing, Jinan, Zhengzhou, Shanghai, Nanchang Railway Bureau and Guangzhou Railway (Group) Company for temporary management and operation from September 1. By the end of August this year, a total of 5.03 million passengers were transported and 2.11 million tons of cargo were transported in the past year. The passenger speed in some areas reached 100 kilometers per hour, and it has withstood the test of mid-winter and floods, ensuring the safety and smooth transportation and giving full play to the social and economic benefits.
Members of the National Acceptance Committee will conduct full inspections along the Beijing-Kowloon River from October 28 to November 1 for 5 days, and will hold a meeting in Beijing on the 2nd. The inspection committee unanimously agreed that the direction of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway Line and the overall layout of are reasonable, with large conveying capacity, and reserved development conditions; the various technical standards are appropriately selected, and the engineering design complies with the regulations, specifications and regulations of the State and the Ministry of Railways on the construction of new lines; the equipment used is advanced in technology and complete in the system, reflecting the scientific and technological level of the 1990s; the organizational management and construction methods are innovative; measures to ensure the quality of the project are effective, with obvious results, with a pass rate of 100%, and the excellence rate is above 90%, and the overall level of the project quality has reached a higher level.The construction speed is fast and the investment is well controlled; the design and construction are paid attention to land saving and land construction, and the environmental protection projects meet the requirements of national environmental protection approval, and the completion files are complete and accurate. The entire project meets the requirements of design task book . The Beijing-Kowloon Railway has excellent overall evaluation of the design and construction quality. It is a model for high-quality, fast and efficient railway construction. It has agreed to be formally accepted.
