(Source: National Aviation and Space Administration)
Geomagnetic storm is a major disturbance to the Earth's magnetosphere (see "Phenomenon: Earth's magnetosphere"). It occurs when solar wind has a very effective energy exchange with the space environment around the earth. Changes in solar wind cause major changes to the current in the earth's magnetosphere, plasma and force field, thus causing geomagnetic storms. Conditions for effective energy transmission include continuous high-speed solar wind, and most importantly, during the magnetosphere daytime, the magnetic field of the solar wind points south (i.e. opposite to the direction of the earth magnetic field ).
's largest geomagnetic storm is related to solar coronal mass ejection and solar wind high-speed flow (see "Phenomenon: Coronal Matter Ejection" and "Phenomenon: Coronal Cave "). These storms also cause strong currents, radiation bands and ionosphere changes in the magnetosphere, including increasing the temperature of the ionosphere and the upper area of the atmosphere (thermal layer). The magnetic layer of
will generate currents parallel to the magnetic field , which follow the magnetic field and the strong current in the aurora ionosphere. These currents are called auroral current , and they can also generate large magnetic disturbances. All these currents and the magnetic deviations they generate on the ground are used to calculate the planet geomagnetic disturbance index - Kp.
Geomagnetic storms enhance aurora, making them brighter and closer to the equator. Geomagnetic storms usually last for hours to days, while the strongest can last for up to a week. The frequency of their occurrence is higher near the extreme solar activity period; but due to the high-speed solar wind flow, it is also common in the decline phase of the solar cycle.
Geomatosis can cause problems in many activities, technology systems and critical infrastructure (see "Impact").
