This article is "Why does light slow down when propagating in glass?" 》The continuation of.
mentioned in the previous article that the propagation of light in glass will slow down. The reason is that the medium particles cause the dark energy particles to return back and forth, increasing the density of dark energy particles in the medium. The increase in the density of dark energy particles means that the ability to wear the head of the light column increases, reducing the speed of light.
This article is based on the refraction path of light in glass given previously, and analyzes how reflected light is generated. Usually, reflection and refraction of light occur simultaneously. Only the refraction path is given, without reflected light, which is incomplete. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the generation mechanism of reflected light. To facilitate the explanation of the problem, the light refraction path diagram above is quoted as follows.
Schematic diagram of the refraction of light from air to glass
Please take a careful look at this picture. Light enters the glass medium from the air medium, and gracefully and smoothly walks through four arcs in the dark energy gradient distribution area above and below the glass. The light flows smoothly from air entering the glass to exiting the glass. There seems to be no possibility of producing reflected light on the upper surface of the glass, but in the experiment, there is definitely a symmetry between the reflected light and the incident light on the upper surface of the glass. How is this reflected light generated? Let's analyze its principle now. But you cannot learn the spherical wave theory of light. It only has very fantasy numerical calculations. We need to give a specific path, describe its formation mechanism, and make this path dynamically significant.
Light propagates in a vacuum, just like a drill bit prospecting for minerals. While the light beam advances in dark energy, its head is worn. What its wear rate will be can only be determined. Because the density of dark energy in vacuum and the motion speed of dark energy particles are still undetermined. The progress of the light beam is also similar to the fireworks held by a child. The firework stick is a light column, and the fireworks head of the set off is full of light spots, like photons when the head of the light beam is knocked away. The wear speed of light in the medium can be calculated from the refractive index (refractive index: vacuum 1.0000, air 1.0003, glass 1.5000), the speed of light in vacuum is c, the speed of light in air = c×(1/1.0003)×100%≈c× 99.97%, the speed of light in glass = c×(1/1.5000)×100%≈c×66.67%. Light stalls by 0.03% in air and 33.33% in glass. The stall is due to the material density of the medium changing the density of dark energy particles in the medium, which increases the intensity of wear on the head of the light column.
talks about the reflection of light, why should we talk about the wear of the head of the light column? Because this is very important, the photons worn down by the light column (that is, the photons from the dark energy particles that hit the head of the light column) converge into reflected light! Reflected light is formed by the collection of photons falling from the light beam. Now let's analyze how the scattered photons that fall are gathered.
Study the above diagram carefully. In the picture, the dark energy on the shallow surface of the glass is distributed in a gradient form. The secret lies in this gradient. The incident light contacts the glass surface, and the speed of light at this time is c (the slight reduction in the speed of light caused by air is ignored here). The light faces the dark energy distributed in the density gradient on the shallow surface of the glass, from sparse to dense, and penetrates deep into the dark energy inside the glass. In this area where energy particles are relatively evenly distributed, the light column undergoes extremely subtle changes: the speed of light drops from c to 66.67% of the speed of light c. This means that at the head of the light column, 33.33% (100%-66.67%) of the number of photons per unit volume were knocked away by dark energy particles, and only 66.67% of the photons became refracted light.
33.33% of the photons flying out have a downward swooping inertial force . The dark energy particles in the glass have a vertical upward supporting force for the photons rushing down obliquely. Under the combined force of these two forces, the photons that rushed down obliquely and were knocked to pieces rebounded elastically. The bounced photons that were symmetrical with the incident angle of and hit the dark surface of the density gradient distribution. On the energy particles, this form of dark energy particles is caught, slides within its gradient, and converges into reflected light. As shown below.
Schematic diagram of reflection and refraction of light
The light column is incident on the glass surface from point A, and then from the glass surface to point B. In this section, 33.33% of the photons are knocked away and scattered by dark energy particles. These scattered photons, under the action of the two projection forces, bounce and converge into the reflected light of the BE line.The light beam splits at point B. One beam is refracted into the glass, and the other beam is reflected back into the air. The head of the light pillar is a prospecting drill bit, and the "pipeline" left by the drill bit is the channel for subsequent photons to follow. Because there is the least resistance when moving along the flow in the "pipe", the dark energy particles at the pipe wall restrain the photons in the pipe and are not allowed to run around and can only flow in the pipe.
The reflected light slides out of the glass from point B to point E in the air. The path from the glass surface to point E is also facing the dark energy particles whose density changes from sparse to dense. At point E, the photon flow splits, and an EF line is branched out. Due to the low refractive index of air, only 0.03% of the photon quantity of its flow is diverted. It is mixed with nearby scattered light and is difficult to be observed. In the same way, photon shunting also occurs at point D in the figure, shunting out of the DG line, which is also difficult to observe. In short, the photon flow facing the gradient distribution of dark energy particles from sparse to dense will have a shunt; the photon flow following the gradient distribution of dark energy particles from dense to sparse will not shunt (points A and C in the figure) There will be no diversion). At this point, the reflection and refraction of incident light on the medium surface have reasonable explanations in terms of kinematics. The above illustrations are all on a microscopic scale, and the arcs along which light travels when it is reflected and refracted cannot be discerned or observed from a macro perspective. The refracted light of
BC is only 66.67% of the total incident light flow. As the refracted light advances from point B to point C, the head of the light column still has a wear rate of 33.33%. It's just that in this area of uniform dark energy, the worn photons scatter away, and the uniformly distributed dark energy has no ability to gather and scatter photons. The photons that follow the head of the light column maintain the original super-light speed single photon speed, continue to replenish the wear of the light column head, and maintain the wear rate of the light column head at a speed exceeding the wear rate of 66.67%. Propulsion speed. We have finished talking about
reflection, now we will talk about full reflection .
Set up a light source at point B in the above picture. The light is emitted from B to point C. The light is refracted out of the glass from the BCD line and enters the air. This light is shunted by dark energy particles at point D, and the shunted reflected light is reflected back to the glass along the DG line. This part of the light is very weak. At this time, the reflected light and refracted light of the light entering the optically sparse medium (air) from the optically dense medium (glass) are present. Now, using point D as the fulcrum of the rotation axis, rotate the light source B to point H so that the refracted light rays passing through point D are in a parallel state, as shown in the figure below.
When the refracted light ray is parallel, it is the critical point for total reflection to occur.
When the outgoing light through point D is horizontal, the reflected light ray changes from the DG line to the DK line. At this time, a miracle occurred. The original horizontal refracted light disappeared and merged into the DK reflection line. Why do horizontally refracted rays disappear? Because the dark energy density gradient distribution area does not allow light to travel in a straight line, the pressure of dark energy particles on the high-density side is greater than that on the low-density side, which will push the light to the low-density side and follow an arc, which is different from the reflected light. DK arcs merge, this is total reflection. When the light source rotates downward from point H, only total reflection will occur, and there will be no refraction within this certain rotation angle.
Total reflection occurs only when light is emitted from an optically dense medium to an optically sparse medium at a certain angle, but not vice versa. The reason is that the density of dark energy in the optically dense medium is large, resulting in a large gradient distribution of dark energy in the shallow layer of the optically dense medium. The photon slides on its steep slope with a short arc segment, and the angle of deviation from the vertical normal after sliding is small, that is, a short distance. After gliding, it enters a region where dark energy is evenly distributed and stops gliding.
When light slides in an optically sparse medium (at A in the figure), the situation is exactly the opposite. The sliding stroke is long, and the deviation angle from the vertical normal after sliding is large, so that when the light shoots from the optically sparse medium to the optically dense medium, the incident angle greater than the refraction angle. In the figure, taking point B as the fulcrum of the rotation axis of the incident light, and rotating the incident angle of the incident light downward (that is, increasing the incident angle), the refraction line BC cannot be made horizontal. Even if the incident ray is incident parallel to the glass surface, the refracted ray BC will not be horizontal.
The reason for this phenomenon is that the two media have different densities, which results in different dark energy densities in the media. As a result, the dark energy density gradient distribution formed on the shallow surface of the medium has different slopes, and the light travels in different slopes. The arc segments have different arc sizes, so the light deflection angles are different. It appears that there is total reflection when shooting from an optically dense medium to an optically sparse medium, but there is no total reflection when shooting from an optically sparse medium to an optically dense medium. This is a strange light path.
reflection, total reflection, refraction, diffraction, measurement ground line , etc. These physical phenomena of light turning are the inevitable results of light traveling in the dark energy density gradient distribution area. The double-slit "interference" of gods and gods, like diffraction, is just a common phenomenon of light traveling and turning in the dark energy distributed in density gradient.
The speed of light is determined by the density of dark energy. The speed of light slows down in the medium, but the density of dark energy in the medium increases. If there is a device that can make the dark energy density in the device medium lower than the dark energy density in the vacuum, then light must travel faster than the speed of light in such a device. Light cannot have wave-particle duality . With particle theory to explain the physical phenomenon of light, what should we do with the wave theory of light ? What about extended theories that rely on the wave theory of light, such as cosmological redshift and superluminal space expansion? At least, the fantasy and esoteric optical calculation of spherical waves should be put to rest.
