In order to ensure the safe overwintering of grape plants, a place in my country adopts double-layer film covering technology (leaving a certain space between the two layers of film), and the effect is remarkable. The curve in the figure below shows the diurnal variation of the average temperature in the local cold period (December to February of the following year) in the years of abundant and dry snow, and the diurnal variation of the average temperature in the film in the years of abundant and dry snow. Complete the following two questions accordingly.
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- The curve in the figure showing the daily variation of the average temperature in the dry snow film is ( )
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
2. In the cold period of this place ( )
A. The lowest temperature is higher than -16℃ B. The diurnal changes in temperature vary greatly due to snow cover conditions
C. The diurnal changes in temperature within the film vary greatly due to snow cover conditions D. The diurnal changes in temperature within the film are consistent with the diurnal changes in air temperature
A geographical research team was in a forest somewhere in the north of Shanxi An experimental area was opened in the central part of the country to plant Xinjiang poplar saplings to study the frost effects of Xinjiang poplar saplings. Research results show that the degree of frost damage to Xinjiang poplar saplings in different locations in the experimental area is significantly different. Late frost causes phloem necrosis spots of varying sizes at the bottom of the trunk of the Xinjiang poplar saplings about 2 cm from the ground, and the proportion of necrosis spots in different directions varies greatly. The figure below shows the location of Xinjiang poplar saplings in the experimental area and their effects on late frost. Complete the following three questions accordingly.
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3. The frost damage of Xinjiang poplar saplings in the eastern part of the experimental area is more severe than that in the western part. The main reason is that the eastern part ( )
A. has weak morning light B. has weak afternoon light C. has strong morning light D. Afternoon light intensity
4. Research results show that where the temperature difference between day and night is greater on the poplar trunk, the area of necrotic spots caused by frost damage will be larger. Based on this, it is speculated that the most severe freeze damage on the trunks of Xinjiang poplar saplings in the experimental area is toward ( )
A. Northwest B. Southeast C. Southwest D. Northeast
5. In order to reduce the freezing damage of Xinjiang poplar saplings by late frost, the most reasonable measure is ( )
A . Pile soil at the bottom B. Cover with plastic film C. Set fire to make smoke D. Regular irrigation
The main direct factor of wind force is the horizontal pressure gradient force, which is caused by the uneven distribution of surface heat. The picture below shows the wind force measured by a meteorological observatory on the Pacific coast of Shanghai on two days in mid-September. Size chart. Read the picture and complete the following questions.
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6. Regarding the judgment of the weather station on M and N, it is reasonable to say
A. The noon temperature on M day is lower than that B. The noon temperature on N day is higher than
C. The windy and sunny day after N day D. It may be sunny the next day on M day
7. Time B is approximately
A. 8:00 B. 14:00 C. 18:00 D. 23:00
8.The wind direction at the time of curve D is most likely
A. Southeast wind B. Southwest wind C. Northwest wind D. Northeasterly wind
In glacier-covered areas, the relatively stable and sinking cooling airflow on the glacier surface moves in front of the glacier along the ice surface, forcing the warmer air in the ice edge area to rise and produce convective exchanges, forming a flow of air blown from the glacier surface to the ice edge zone. The wind is called glacier wind. Glacial wind phenomena exist on the north side of Yaomei Peak (6250m) of Mount Siguniang and in the valley areas on the north side of Mount Everest. Especially in the area with an altitude of 5,300 to 7,000 meters on the north side of Mount Everest, glacial winds prevail day and night, with strong winds and gusts reaching level 7 to 8. Based on this, complete the following questions
9. Similar to the formation principle of glacial wind is
A. my country's winter wind B. Prevailing westerly wind
C. Northeast trade wind D. Hot dry wind on the eastern slope of Taihang Mountain
10. Compared with Mount Everest, Yaomei Peak glacier wind only strengthens and lengthens the mountain wind, weakens and shortens valley wind , and does not appear throughout the day. The reason is mainly because of Yaomei Peak
A. The mountain altitude is relatively low B. The glacier coverage area is relatively small
C. The thickness of ice and snow is large D. The snow line on the mountain is low
11. It is inferred that the period with the strongest glacier wind on Mount Everest may be local time
A. 6:00-10:00 B. 0:00-4:00 C. 19:00-23:00 D. 14:00-18:00
Mogao Cave is dug on the cliff and is connected to the rock mass on three sides. All caves are open on one side.Most caves have installed cave doors, which are the only way for air exchange inside and outside the caves. The slow entry of colder air in autumn is beneficial to maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment inside the caves. Cave No. 206 is equipped with an aluminum alloy door that is stable and durable but has strong thermal conductivity. The door is equipped with upper and lower openable shutters (pictured below, left). The picture on the right below shows the temperature measurement results of different parts of the cave inside and outside the cave by conservation experts on consecutive sunny days in autumn. Complete the following questions accordingly.
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12. According to the temperature change process of measuring point 2 inside the door, it is estimated that the door of the cave is roughly oriented ()
A. West side B. East side C. North side D. South side
13. In order to maintain the dryness and stability of the humidity in the cave, the period when the blinds should be opened in autumn and the air flow exchange method are ()
A. From early morning to noon, the lower window enters the upper window and exits B. From the afternoon to the evening, the lower window enters the upper window Exit
C. From early morning to noon, enter through the upper window and exit through the lower window D. From afternoon to evening, the upper window goes in and the lower window goes out
14. In order to maintain a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave and better protect the murals, the appropriate improvement measures for Cave Door No. 206 are ()
A. Replace it with plate B with better thermal conductivity. . Expand the area of the blinds on the door
C. Paint the outside of the cave door a light color D. Change to a transparent thick glass door
Lake Baikal is the deepest and largest freshwater lake in the world. The water is clear and transparent. Wind waves of more than 4 meters often appear on the lake surface. It is covered with thick ice for several months every year. , as soon as spring arrives, the lake begins a slow melting process. In the Peschanaya Bay of Lake Baikal, there are some magical pine trees growing on the beach 100 to 200 meters away from the lake. The roots of these pine trees are 2 to 3 meters high and exposed on the ground. Adults can freely walk under the roots. Local people say It's called " stilt tree ". Read the picture and complete the following questions.
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15. Lake Baikal has about 5 months of icing period every year. Its icing period is longer than that of areas at the same latitude mainly because ()
A. Higher latitude B. Higher altitude
C. Large north-south span D. Affected by cold airflow
16. The average winter temperature in the area around Lake Baikal is -38°C, and the water temperature under the ice is close to that in summer. The reason is ()
A. In winter, sunlight penetrates through the ice, forming a "greenhouse effect"
B. In summer, melted ice and snow water is injected, lowering the temperature of the lake water
C. The crust at the bottom of the lake is active, releasing a large amount of heat energy
D. The high latitude is cold all year round, and the temperature of the lake water changes little.
17. The roots of the "stilt trees" are exposed because ()
A. There is little precipitation and the roots of the trees are long, which makes it easier for the trees to absorb water from the lake.
B. The huge wind and waves cause the surface soil to erode and the roots Exposed
C. In deep frozen soil, it is difficult for roots to penetrate deep into the soil and grow upward
D. The climate is humid and cold, and the roots are exposed for easy breathing, making it safe to survive the winter.
18. Regarding the two places P and T (near the lake mouth) in the picture, the correct statement is ()
A. Both P and T form a delta B. Both P and T The alluvial fan
C is formed. The accumulation landform at P is conducive to increasing the transparency of the lake D. The accumulation landform at T has reduced the amount of sediment in the lake.
The emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds the capacity and carrying capacity of the atmospheric circulation. The concentration of fine particulate matter will continue to accumulate. At this time, if affected by calm weather, etc., it is easy to There is widespread smog. In December 2016, the most persistent haze weather since the beginning of winter came, and many cities across the country reached serious pollution levels. The figure below is a schematic diagram of the distribution of equal pressure differences between sea level and the corresponding 5000 m altitude in a certain area of southern my country during this period (unit: hPa). Answer the following questions based on the picture.
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19. At this time, the highest air pressure near the ground in the following cities is ( )
A. Chongqing B. Changsha C. Nanchang D. Wuhan
20. At this time, the wind direction near the ground in Nanchang is most likely to be ( )
A. Northerly wind B. Southerly wind C. Westerly wind D. Easterly wind
21. If only weather factors are considered, the correct statement about the haze weather in the area at this time is ( )
A. Downdrafts prevail in Chongqing, and the haze lasts longer Long
B. Updrafts prevail in Wuhan, and the haze lasts for a long time
C. Chongqing has strong winds, and the haze lasts for a short time
D. The wind in Wuhan is small and the haze lasts for a long time.
Valley wind is a wind system in mountainous areas where the wind direction changes reversely during the day and night. During the day, solar radiation causes the air on the hillside to heat up strongly, and the warm air rises along the slope to form valley breeze; otherwise, it forms mountain breeze. The Qilian Weather Station is located in the valley in the middle section of the Qilian Mountains, where the wind circulation in the valley is relatively strong. The figure below shows the changes in the direction and speed of the valley wind recorded by the weather station on August 24, 2006. Complete the following two questions accordingly.
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22. The wind direction of the valley wind where the Qilian Weather Station is located is ( )
A. Southerly wind B. Easterly wind C. Northerly wind D. Westerly wind
23. The general direction and topographic characteristics of the valley section where the Qilian Weather Station is located are ( )
A. North-south trend, high in the west and low in the east B. East-west trend, high in the north and low in the south
C. North-south trend, high in the east and low in the west D. East-west trend, high in the south and low in the north
The emission of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceeds the atmospheric circulation capacity and carrying capacity , the concentration of fine particulate matter will continue to accumulate. At this time, if affected by calm weather, large-scale haze will easily occur. In December 2016, the most persistent smog weather since winter came, and many cities across the country reached serious pollution levels. The picture below shows the distribution of sea level and corresponding pressure difference (unit: hPa) at a height of 5000m on a certain day in a local area of southern my country during this period.
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24. At this time, the highest air pressure near the ground in the following cities is ()
A. Chongqing B. Changsha C. Nanchang D. Wuhan
25. At this time, the wind direction near the ground in Nanchang is most likely to be ()
A. Northerly wind B. Southerly wind C. Westerly wind D. Easterly wind
26. If only weather factors are considered, the correct statement that haze weather occurs in the area at this time is ()
A. Downdrafts prevail in Chongqing, and the haze lasts longer
B. Updrafts prevail in Wuhan, The haze lasts longer
C. Chongqing has stronger winds and the haze lasts shorter
D. The wind in Wuhan is low and the haze lasts for a long time
There is a thermal circulation between places A and B in a certain area in the northern hemisphere. Picture ① in Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the isobaric surface in the area, and picture ② is a schematic diagram of the distribution of isobaric lines on the horizontal plane where C and D are located. Complete the following questions accordingly.
27. ① In the picture
A. The temperature at place A is lower than that at place B. B. The air pressure at place C is higher than that at place D
C. The airflow from place A flows to place B. D. The cloud cover at place C is less than that at place D
28. ② In the picture, the plane and The relationship between wind direction is
A. Flying with the wind B. Flying against the wind C. The wind blows from the east side D. The wind blows from the west side
" cross draft " is also called " cross draft ". It is a phenomenon of air flow in meteorology , which flows inside the building. The wind of space. The design of residential buildings in many areas of our country fully considers drafts. The picture below shows a schematic diagram of the ventilation in traditional houses in the mountainous areas of southwestern my country. Read the picture and complete the following questions accordingly.
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29. Only considering the influence of weather conditions, the largest temperature difference between day and night is
30. The main role of the "stone floor" in the picture in enhancing draft is
A. Increase the flatness of the ground to facilitate ventilation B. Reduce infiltration and increase humidity
C . Increase the temperature difference between the front and rear of the house D. Reduce the temperature of the courtyard at night to facilitate cooling
Answers and Analysis
1~2. [Answer] B, C
[Analysis] 1. The temperature inside the film is higher than the temperature in the natural state, and the daily change of the average temperature inside the film is smaller than the average daily temperature change outside the film in the natural state, so ①② is the daily change of the average temperature inside the film; the daily change of temperature when there is snow is It is smaller than the diurnal temperature change without snow, ② is correct.
2. ①② are the diurnal changes of the temperature inside the film, of which ① changes very little, while ② has a large change; and because ①② are the diurnal temperature changes in years of abundant snow and dry snow respectively, the daily changes of temperature in the film are affected by snow conditions. The difference is large, C is correct.
3~5. [Answer] A, C, A
[Analysis] 3. Frost mostly occurs at night. The Xinjiang poplar saplings close to the east forest belt are more seriously damaged by late frost. This is mainly because the light in the east forest belt is weak in the morning, causing the experimental area to The temperature in the poplar sapling forest in eastern Xinjiang is lower and the low temperature lasts longer, so the freezing damage is more serious. A is correct and C is wrong. It has little relationship with the intensity of afternoon light. B and D are excluded.
4. During the day, due to the influence of solar radiation, the solar radiation is the strongest and the temperature is the highest in the afternoon, so the temperature is highest in the southwest direction of the trunk. The temperature is generally lower at night, so the southwest part of the trunk has the largest temperature difference during the day and suffers the most severe frost damage. So choose C.
5. Late frost mainly occurs in depressions where cold air gathers. Piling soil at the bottom of tree trunks can effectively prevent cold air from gathering at the bottom of the trunk, thereby reducing late frost damage. A is correct; the cost of covering mulch film in forest land is too great to Feasible, B is wrong; setting fires to make smoke will cause a certain amount of air pollution, and setting fires in forest land poses great safety risks, C Wrong; Northern Shanxi belongs to an arid and semi-arid area with scarce water resources, so regular irrigation of forest land is not feasible. D Wrong.
6~8. [Answer] D, B, C
[Analysis]
6.
This question mainly examines the thermodynamic circulation caused by the difference in thermal properties of sea and land, that is, sea and land breeze characteristics. The sea breeze blows during the day and the land breeze blows at night. The greater the temperature difference between sea and land, the stronger the wind force. From this, the temperature and weather conditions on M and N can be judged.
This place is located on the Pacific coast, with obvious sea and land breezes. It can be seen from the diagram that the wind force changes stably on M day. It is a sea and land breeze with normal thermal effects. The temperature is high during the day and the wind force is strong. At hour B, the wind force is the largest on M day. , it should be close to noon. The strong wind at B hour M indicates that the thermal properties of sea and land are greatly different, that is, the temperature at noon is higher. A is wrong; M The wind is strong during the day and light at night, and the wind is strong during the day, which means that the temperature difference between the sea and the land is large, so it is a sunny day. The day M may be sunny the next day, D is correct; the wind at noon on the N day is small, indicating that the thermal difference between the sea and the land is small, and the day N The temperature at noon was lower, B is wrong; the wind was too strong at night on day N, indicating that the atmosphere was unstable, and the next day was mainly windy and rainy, C was wrong.
, so choose D.
7.
This question examines the principle of thermodynamic circulation and the diurnal variation characteristics of temperature. Combined with the difference in thermal properties between sea and land, the time can be judged by the wind strength; the wind is strongest at time B, which means that time B is close to noon, and the temperature is the highest around 2 o'clock in the afternoon. The difference in temperature between sea and land is the largest, and the wind is the highest, so B is around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, that is, around 14:00 .
Judging from the wind changes on day M, the wind is strongest at time B. Since the difference in low-altitude heat at night is far less than during the day, the land breeze circulation is weaker than the sea breeze circulation. This means that time B is close to noon, and the temperature is the highest around 2 o'clock in the afternoon. The difference in sea and land temperatures The wind is the strongest, so B is around 2 o'clock in the afternoon, that is, around 14 o'clock. ACD is wrong, B is correct.
, so choose B.
8.
This question tests the weather characteristics of cyclone , aiming to test students' ability to obtain and interpret information, and mobilize and apply knowledge. Understanding the impact of weather systems on weather is the key to answering this question.At the time of curve
N, the wind force was close to level 10. This could not be a sea or land wind, because it was measured by a meteorological observation station in mid-August, which is the summer and autumn of the northern hemisphere. It is located on the coast and may be typhoon . ; the typhoon is a cyclone. Cyclonic air in the Northern Hemisphere moves counterclockwise. This place (coast of Zhejiang) is on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean and should be located on the west side of the typhoon center, with northwest winds blowing. Therefore, C is correct and ABD is incorrect.
, so choose C.
9~11. [Answer] A, B, D
[Analysis]
9.
This question tests the formation principle of glacial wind. It is designed to test students' ability to read pictures and use the knowledge they have learned to analyze and solve problems. The key to solving the problem lies in mastering the knowledge related to thermodynamic circulation.
Glacier wind is formed due to the thermal effect of glaciers, which is similar to thermodynamic circulation. my country's winter monsoon is formed by the difference in thermal properties of sea and land, so A is correct; the northeast trade wind and prevailing westerly wind are formed by dynamic effects; the dry and hot wind on the eastern slope of Taihang Mountain It is caused by small-scale winds with high temperature and low humidity due to airflow decreasing with altitude, and BCD error.
So choose A.
10.
This question examines the main reasons why Yaomeifeng Glacier Wind is weak. It aims to test students' ability to obtain material information and use the knowledge they have learned to analyze and solve problems. Analyzing and grasping the differences in thermal properties of the Yaomeifeng glacier is obviously the key to solving the problem.
Since the ice and snow coverage area of Yaomei Peak is smaller than that of Mount Everest, the difference in thermal properties is not obvious, and the air pressure gradient force is small, so the wind force is weaker. It has little to do with snow line , altitude, and ice and snow thickness. B is correct, ACD is incorrect.
So choose B.
11. This question examines the period when glacier winds are strongest and aims to test students’ ability to analyze and solve problems using the knowledge they have learned. The key to solving the problem lies in mastering the characteristics of local temperature changes. The wind is strongest when the temperature difference between the glacier surface and the ice edge is the largest. The local afternoon temperature is the highest. The temperature difference between the glacier surface and the ice edge is the largest. The air pressure gradient force is large and the wind is the strongest. Therefore, D is correct and ABC is wrong. So choose D.
12~14. [Answer] B, A, C
[Analysis] 12. According to the information in the diagram, measuring point 2 is located in the cave. From about 9 o'clock, the temperature begins to rise, indicating that the temperature of measuring point 2 after sunrise When it starts to rise, it should be towards the east, B is correct; towards the west, north or south the temperature will not rise after sunrise, ACD is wrong. So choose B.
13. According to the information shown in the figure, the temperature inside the cave in the morning is higher than the temperature outside the cave. The shutters should be opened from early morning to noon to reduce the temperature inside the cave. In the afternoon, the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the cave is small, so there is no need to open the shutters. BD error. When hot air rises, cold air should be introduced through the lower window to promote the hot air to be discharged from the upper window. A is correct and C is incorrect. So choose A.
14. Replacing with a plate with better thermal conductivity will make the temperature change in the cave more significant, which is not conducive to maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave. A error; according to the material information, "The slow entry of colder air in autumn is conducive to maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave." Stable temperature and humidity environment" it can be seen that expanding the area of the blinds will increase the airflow, which is not conducive to maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave. B Wrong; painting the outside of the cave door in a light color can reduce the heat absorbed by the cave door and help maintain a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave. C Correct; replacing it with a transparent thick glass door will increase the amount of solar radiation entering the cave. The amount is not conducive to maintaining a stable temperature and humidity environment in the cave, D is wrong. So choose C.
15~18. [Answer] D, A, B, D
[Analysis]
15. This question examines the reason why the icing period of Lake Baikal is longer than that of areas at the same latitude. It aims to test students' acquisition and interpretation of geographical information, and the mobilization and application of geographical knowledge. ability. The key to answering this question is to understand the main factors that affect climate.
Lake Baikal has a freezing period of about 5 months every year. Its freezing period is longer than that of areas at the same latitude mainly because it is located in Siberia and is closer to the source of winter winds, so it is affected by cold airflow for a longer period of time. Choice D is correct and choice ABC is incorrect.
, so choose D.
16. This question examines the reason why the average winter temperature in the area around Lake Baikal is -38°C and the water temperature under the ice is close to that in summer. It aims to test students' ability to obtain and interpret geographical information, mobilize and use geographical knowledge. The key to answering this question is to understand the heating process of the atmosphere.
The ice layer of Lake Baikal is equivalent to a greenhouse. In winter, sunlight penetrates through the ice layer, forming a "greenhouse effect", which insulates the water temperature under the ice layer, and the ice layer isolates the water under the ice layer from external heat. exchange, so the water temperature under the ice layer is close to that in summer, A is correct; the difference in water temperature above and below the ice layer in winter has nothing to do with the injection of ice and snow meltwater in summer, B is wrong; the crustal movement at the bottom of the lake releases a large amount of heat energy, and the lake water will not freeze, C Wrong; it is cold all year round at high latitudes, and the small change in lake temperature is not the reason for the large temperature difference between the upper and lower ice layers. D Wrong. Therefore choose A.
17. This question examines the reason why the roots of "stilt trees" are exposed, and aims to test students' ability to obtain and interpret geographical information, mobilize and apply geographical knowledge. The key to answering this question is to grasp the relationship between vegetation and the natural environment.
material information shows that wind waves of more than 4 meters often occur on the surface of Lake Baikal, which has a strong erosion ability on the beach and soil on the shore, causing the roots of pine trees on the beach land to be exposed to the ground due to erosion. B is correct; moisture conditions, freezing The soil, climate, etc. are not the reason for the exposed roots, ACD is wrong.
, so choose B.
18. This question examines flowing water landforms and is designed to test students' ability to acquire and interpret geographical information, mobilize and apply geographical knowledge. The key to answering this question is to understand the flow of water and landforms.
P is the lake mouth of the upper reaches of Angara River . It is dominated by erosion and should form a V-shaped valley. T is the mouth of the lake where the downstream of Selenge River is injected. It is dominated by accumulation and should form a delta, which reduces the number of lakes. The amount of sediment deposition, the alluvial fan should be formed in the mountain exit area, so item D is correct and ABC is wrong.
, so choose D.
19~21. [Answer] A, B, A
[Analysis] 19. Air pressure decreases as altitude increases. It can be seen from the figure that the difference in air pressure between the sea level and the corresponding 5000 m altitude where the four cities are located is, from large to small, Chongqing, Nanchang, Changsha, and Wuhan. It can be inferred that Chongqing has the lowest air pressure at 5000 m altitude. According to the movement of airflow and air pressure distribution in the thermodynamic circulation, it can be seen that the air in Chongqing moves downward in the vertical direction, and the air pressure near the ground is the highest, so A is correct.
20. Based on the analysis of the above question, it can be seen that the near-surface air pressure gradually decreases from Nanchang to Wuhan, that is, the near-surface horizontal air pressure gradient force is from southeast to northwest, coupled with the action of geostrophic deflection force and friction, the wind direction is deflected to the right, forming a southerly trend. Wind, B is correct.
21. It can be seen from the data that large-scale haze is very easy to occur due to the influence of calm weather. Stable weather refers to the large-scale accumulation of pollutants due to the meteorological conditions that are continuously unfavorable to air diffusion. Chongqing is a high-pressure center near the ground, and downdrafts prevail, which is not conducive to the spread of haze. The haze lasts for a long time. A is correct. Wuhan is located near the low-pressure center, where rising air currents prevail, pollutants are easily diffused, and the haze lasts for a short time. B is wrong. This picture is not a near-ground isobars chart, and it is impossible to judge the wind strength in Chongqing and Wuhan. C and D are wrong. Therefore choose A.
22~23. [Answer] C, D
[Analysis] 22. It can be seen from the figure that the southerly wind is dominant in this place from night to morning, and the northerly wind is dominant after noon. Combined with the characteristics of the valley wind, it can be seen that during the day The valley breeze blows, so the wind direction of the valley breeze should be northerly, so option C is correct.
23. The direction of valley wind is basically perpendicular to the direction of mountains and valleys. The wind in the valley here is mainly southerly and northerly, so the direction of the mountains and valleys should be east-west. A and C are wrong. When the mountain wind blows at night, the wind direction is southerly, which means that the mountains are in the south and the valleys are in the north. Therefore, the terrain characteristics of the place should be higher in the south and lower in the north. D is correct and B is wrong.
24~26. [Answer] A, B, A
[Analysis]
24. This question tests the interpretation ability of contour , aiming to test students' ability to mobilize relevant knowledge. The key to solving the problem lies in reading the picture, analyzing and extracting key information. The
figure shows the distribution of air pressure differences between the ground and high altitude. Therefore, it is necessary to infer the distribution of air pressure on the ground based on the air pressure difference. According to the principle of thermodynamic circulation, the air pressure difference between the ground and high altitude is large where there is high pressure near the ground, and the air pressure difference between the ground and high altitude where there is low pressure near the ground is small. Therefore, according to the distribution of pressure difference contours in the figure, it can be seen that Chongqing is located near the near-surface high pressure center, and the near-surface air pressure is the highest. A is correct, so choose A.
25. This question tests the interpretation of contours and the judgment of wind direction, aiming to test students' ability to mobilize relevant knowledge. The key to solving the problem lies in reading the picture, analyzing and extracting key information.
To determine the wind direction in Nanchang, we can analyze it based on the distribution of isobars near Nanchang. However, what is shown in the figure is the distribution of air pressure difference between the ground and high altitude, so it is necessary to infer the distribution of air pressure on the ground based on the air pressure difference. According to the principle of thermodynamic circulation, the air pressure difference between the ground and high altitude is large where there is high pressure near the ground, and the air pressure difference between the ground and high altitude where there is low pressure near the ground is small. Therefore, according to the distribution of pressure difference contours in the figure, Wuhan is located near the surface low pressure center, and the wind direction in Nanchang is southerly. B is correct, so choose B.
26. This question tests the interpretation of contours and judgment of weather conditions, aiming to test students' ability to mobilize relevant knowledge. The key to solving the problem lies in reading the picture, analyzing and extracting key information.
According to the distribution of equal pressure difference contours, Chongqing is located near the high-pressure center near the ground, where downdrafts prevail, which is not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants, and the haze lasts for a long time. Wuhan is located near the low-pressure center, where updrafts prevail and pollute The matter can spread quickly and the haze lasts for a short time. A is correct and BCD is incorrect. Therefore choose A.
27~28. [Answer] D, B
[Analysis]
27. This question tests the relevant knowledge of thermodynamic circulation and aims to test students' ability to acquire and interpret graphic information and mobilize and apply knowledge. Proficient knowledge of thermodynamic circulation is the key to solving problems.
① In the picture, the isobaric surface at place A is convex downward, which is a low-pressure area near the ground, and the temperature should be higher than that at place B; compared with place D, the isobaric surface at place D is convex, then D is high pressure, C is low pressure, and place C The air pressure is lower than at D; the air pressure at A is low , so the airflow near the ground flows from place B to place A; point C corresponds to place B near the ground, which is high pressure, prevailing downdrafts, sunny weather, and few clouds; point D corresponds to low pressure near the ground, rising airflow, and cloudy rain, so Cloud cover is greater than C. Therefore D is correct and ABC is wrong.
So choose D.
28. This question tests the horizontal movement of the atmosphere and is designed to test students' ability to acquire and interpret graphic information and mobilize and apply knowledge. Proficiency in the horizontal movement of the atmosphere is the key to solving the problem.
Combining the information in the diagram, it can be seen that compared with D, the isobaric surface at D is convex, then D is high pressure, C is low pressure, and the air pressure at C is lower than D, then ② In the figure, the pressure gradient force points from D to C , because Bingding is located at a high altitude, the influence of friction is not considered, and only the influence of air pressure gradient force and rightward geostrophic deflection force is considered. The final wind direction should be parallel to the isobars. ② If it points south in the figure, the aircraft flies against the wind, so B correct, ACD error. So choose B.
29~30. [Answer] D, C
[Analysis]
29. This question tests the interpretation of the temperature difference between day and night in the diagram. It is designed to test students' ability to obtain and interpret the information in the diagram and use the knowledge they have learned to answer questions. Mastering the principle of atmospheric heating process is the key to solving the problem.
On sunny days, the atmosphere with thin clouds has a weak attenuation effect on solar radiation, and the heat preservation effect at night is weak, so the daytime temperature is high and the night temperature is low; on cloudy days (cloudy days), the atmosphere has a strong attenuation effect on solar radiation, and the temperature is not high. Therefore, when the underlying surface is the same, the smallest temperature difference is when it is cloudy during the day and night, and the largest temperature difference is when it is sunny during the day and night; the mountain forest has a greater specific heat capacity than the stone ground , and it heats up and cools down slower, so the same Under weather conditions, the temperature difference between day and night in the mountain forest is small. In summary, the largest temperature difference between day and night should be due to the stone road surface on sunny days, so D is correct and ABC is wrong.
, so choose D.
30. This question examines the main role of stone floors in enhancing "draft". It aims to test students' ability to acquire and interpret graphic information and use the knowledge they have learned to answer questions. Mastering the principle of atmospheric heating is the key to solving the problem.
Based on the diagram, we can see that the stone floor increases the unevenness and friction of the ground, A is wrong; the stone floor increases infiltration, B is wrong; the stone floor is mainly to enhance the "draft", not to reduce the The temperature of the courtyard at night, D is wrong; the difference in specific heat between the stone ground and the ordinary ground increases the temperature difference between day and night in front of and behind the house, which strengthens the thermal circulation in front of and behind the house, and strengthens the "crossing wind", C. So choose C.
