九
1
In addition, because foragers do not rely on a single type of food, even if a certain food source is cut off, the impact will not be too great. But if it is an agricultural society, once a drought, fire, or earthquake occurs and all the rice or potatoes of that year are destroyed, severe famine will occur. Although gathering societies are still not immune to natural disasters and may encounter food shortages or famines, they usually deal with them with ease. If their primary food was in short supply, they could gather or hunt other foods, or migrate directly to less affected areas.
Zhu Pi:
Yang Zhao "Chinese History 11 that will be given to everyone: The Era of Light and Darkness":
Today there are Boston in the United States, and there are also settlements of Irish descendants. This light comes from their special You can tell by the last name. Moreover, Boston’s police agency still has many members of Irish and Italian descent. Why is this happening? Because the establishment of the Boston police system coincided with the great wave of Irish immigration.
The cause of the great immigration wave in Ireland was the famine caused by the poor agricultural harvest. The families of refugees who had no enough to eat fled to the New World to find a way out. The famine in Ireland was mainly caused by the failure of the potato harvest. At this time, Ireland's agriculture was highly dependent on potatoes, almost turning into a potato monoculture production form, so that potato harvest failure led to a nationwide, irremediable catastrophe. Then why didn't the Irish diversify other food crops, but concentrated on potato production, creating this painful predicament for themselves, causing millions of people to leave their hometowns in a hurry and go to the New World of North America? Because potatoes are so useful!
Potatoes are easy to plant and grow. They do not have high requirements for soil, rainfall and other natural conditions, and they can be grown in relatively dry places. Potatoes are better to grow than wheat, but their nutritional content is more complete than wheat. So after the potato was introduced to Ireland, its obvious advantages crowded out other food crops. A single crop occupies a large proportion of arable land. If any diseases or insect pests prevent normal potato harvesting, the livelihood of the entire Irish people will be seriously threatened.
2
Because these pre-agricultural foragers had a healthy and diverse diet, relatively short working hours, and few infectious diseases, many experts define this society as the "original affluent society."
Zhu Pi: Confucius the so-called world of great harmony.
3
Other mammals that can enter the sea have developed specialized organs and body shapes that conform to hydrodynamics through long-term evolution before they can enter the sea (such as seals, manatees , dolphins , etc.). However, the ancestors of Homo sapiens in Indonesia were apes on the African grasslands. They neither grew fins nor waited for their nostrils to slowly move to their heads from generation to generation like whales . Instead, they made boats. Come and learn how to maneuver. It was these skills that allowed them to move to Australia.
4
In history, the first arrival of humans in Australia is definitely a big event, no less important than Columbus's arrival in the Americas or Apollo 11's landing on the moon. This is the first time that humans have successfully left the ecosystem of the Asian and African continents, and it is also the first time that large terrestrial mammals have arrived in Australia from the Asian and African continents. More importantly, what exactly did these human pioneers do in this new world? The moment hunter-gatherers first landed on Australian beaches, they officially climbed to the top of the food chain on this continent and became the deadliest biological species in the history of the earth.
