Correspondent Li Chengxiu, Cui Fangrong, Li Lingfeng Reporter Sun Shuyu's cough and asthma disease first came from the category of traditional Chinese medicine. Clinically, multiple system diseases can lead to symptoms of cough and asthma, mainly referring to some diseases in whi

Correspondent Li Chengxiu Cui Fangrong Li Lingfeng Reporter Sun Shuyu

Cough and asthma disease In terms of noun, it first came from the category of traditional Chinese medicine. Clinically, multiple system diseases can lead to symptoms of cough and asthma, mainly referring to some diseases in which patients cough, phlegm, accompanied or not with hold back breath. As a common disease in daily life, some of it is seasonal onset, some are lingering and difficult to cure, and some cough and asthma diseases are progressively progressive, which seriously affect daily life. In response to the hot issues of cough and asthma diseases that citizens are concerned about, Zhai Shengping, deputy director of the General Medicine Department of Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, answered them one by one.

Zhai Shengping (five left) and his team were in the rounds.

What is cough and asthma disease?

cough and asthma diseases mainly include common respiratory diseases, such as acute and chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (including emphysema ), bronchial asthma , pneumonia, heart disease, lung interstitial disease, lung tumor and other lung diseases, and also include some patients with cardiovascular disease, such as cardiogenic asthma , acute and chronic heart failure, etc. The symptoms of cough and asthma caused by other system diseases, such as digestive system and otolaryngology and otolaryngology are secondary manifestations and are not caused by the disease itself.

What are the classification characteristics of common cough and asthma diseases in the population?

The most common manifestations of cough and asthma are acute, chronic cough, severe cough, especially long-term cough, which affects the patient's work, life and social activities. Chronic cough can cause complications in multiple systems such as cardiovascular, digestive, nerve, urinary, musculoskeletal, etc., such as increased blood pressure, arrhythmia, pneumothorax, syncope, insomnia, depression, anxiety, etc. The cause of cough is complex and involves a wide range of areas, and the diagnosis is not easy to be clear. Many patients often undergo various examinations repeatedly or use antibacterial and antimicrobial drugs for a long time, which has little effect and produces many adverse reactions, which has a serious impact on the patient's work, study and quality of life, and also brings serious economic burdens.

Cough and asthma disease in young people accounts for a large proportion of bronchial asthma, and most of this type of disease are recurrent attacks. The influence of individual allergic constitution and external environment is the risk factor for the disease. asthma is related to multigene inheritance. The prevalence of relatives in asthma patients is higher than that of population, and the closer kinship is, the higher the prevalence; the more serious the patient's condition, the higher the prevalence of relatives, the higher the relatives. This disease can gradually merge with the manifestations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with age, and long-term family monitoring is required. Regular use of inhalation of bronchodilator to reduce the frequency of attack and improve the quality of life.

Middle-aged and elderly patients who smoke for a long time are more chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which is a respiratory disease caused by long-term smoking. It is a seasonal attack. It will be more severe in autumn and winter. It is only manifested as chronic bronchitis in the early stage, commonly known as chronic bronchitis . It gradually progresses in the later stage and shows emphysema. Patients who have not quit smoking or have poor control have symptoms of worsening year by year. In addition to avoiding respiratory infection and quitting smoking, long-term home oxygen therapy is required if necessary, and regular use of bronchodilators and even glucocorticoids to reduce daily attacks, avoid consciousness disorders due to limited progress of obstructive airflow, manifested as irritability, nonsense, etc., which may be caused by hypoxia or combined with pulmonary encephalopathy. You need to seek medical treatment in a timely manner to avoid delayed condition affecting the prognosis.

There is also a major type of cough and asthma patients with heart failure . When pulmonary congestion occurs due to coronary heart disease , hypercardial disease and other cardiac insufficiency, lung congestion , they will also have cough and asthma symptoms, especially in acute attacks. The symptoms of this type of cough and asthma patients when they attack are similar to those of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and it is difficult to distinguish at the first attack. However, most of these patients have a history of heart disease, and the attack is relatively severe at night, accompanied by swelling of both lower limbs and even pleural effusion, so everyone should carefully diagnose and treat it.

What are the advantages of general clinic diagnosis and treatment of cough and asthma?

Compared with other specialties, general medicine not only focuses on the comprehensive differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but also focuses on the prevention, rehabilitation and management of chronic diseases.Patients with early cough and asthma often have unclear causes and do not know which department to visit. They often go to multiple clinics of large hospitals due to one symptom. If they improve multiple examinations, they cannot clarify what disease is causing it, which delays the treatment of the disease.

General medicine is a comprehensive medical discipline that integrates preventive medicine , clinical medicine , rehabilitation medicine and humanities and sociology related content. It covers all ages, genders, and various diseases, emphasizing people-centered and comprehensive and full-time health management. As for general practitioner , it is necessary to use more comprehensive and professional treatment plans to provide comprehensive and whole-person care for patients with cough and asthma. First of all, we need to find the cause of cough and asthma, and conduct comprehensive treatment after a clear diagnosis. Some patients with cough and asthma even have multiple system comorbid diseases such as the respiratory system and cardiovascular system. Most specialists pay attention to the diseases of this major and take into account fewer other system diseases. General practitioners can sort out, adjust, optimize and integrate treatment plans for multiple diseases, while paying attention to the tension and anxiety caused by repeated attacks of the disease, adjusting the malnutrition caused by the disease state, adjusting the diet plan to meet the patient's disease needs, and overall improving and treating the patient's disease state, enhancing the patient's disease resistance. The rehabilitation and follow-up of this disease are also an important part of the long-term family management of patients with cough and asthma. This type of disease mostly develops into long-term chronic and recurrent attacks, and follow-up management is particularly important. General practitioners can provide family contract services to provide one-on-one guidance and adjustments to patients' drug treatment, disease control, nutritional diet, and mental health, which can effectively reduce the frequency of disease attacks, improve patients' prognosis, and improve patients' quality of life.

What issues should be paid attention to at home when you are coughing and asthma?

First of all, for home care for respiratory cough and asthma diseases, you need to pay attention to: (1) Keep the indoor air fresh, circulating, no irritating odors, no cigarette smoke, and pay attention to cooking oil smoke at home; at the same time, avoid contact with allergic . Severely ill patients need to hospitals to perform desensitization treatment for . (2) During the remission period, physical activities should be carried out appropriately to enhance physical fitness, such as swimming, basketball, jogging, etc., which should be done in moderation according to your living conditions. (3) For patients who are susceptible to cold air or haze weather, they need to wear masks at the right time, use air purifier indoors, and learn to detect signs of respiratory infection early, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment. (4) You can go to medical institutions for regular review or receive education and knowledge lectures to clarify that such diseases can be prevented and controlled, provide self-comfort and family encouragement, and eliminate tension and anxiety. (5) Adhere to home atomization inhalation or oxygen therapy treatment, and follow up regularly.

For patients with cough and asthma symptoms caused by cardiovascular disease, pay attention to limiting salt and water to reduce the burden on the heart. Generally, no more than 6g of salt per day, and the daily water intake does not exceed 25ml per kilogram of body weight, except for fever, diarrhea and other situations that are prone to dehydration. It is necessary to remind the elderly that some processed foods such as ham, sausages, instant noodles, etc. have a high salt content and should be consumed as little as possible. In addition, fruits, rice, soup, porridge, milk and other foods contain more water. They should be calculated when calculating the water intake, and they cannot only count the amount of water drunk alone. In addition, it is recommended to have 70% fullness for each meal. Eating too much can also induce acute attacks of chronic heart failure.

When should patients with cough and asthma seek medical treatment and be hospitalized?

All patients with cough and asthma should go to the hospital immediately if their symptoms cannot improve after oral medication at home. The condition is mild, they can be treated in the outpatient clinic. Severe people should be hospitalized for treatment. They should actively treat the primary disease. In the case of inducing factors, they should also actively treat targeted treatment. For example, if respiratory cough and asthma caused by infection or acute heart failure, they need to be timely anti-infection treatment. When a major asthma attack caused by allergens, they need to be out of the environment. If necessary, intravenous hormones or atomized bronchodilators are needed to control acute attacks and avoid life-threatening situations.