In recent years, with the continuous changes in people's lifestyles, there are more and more problems with thyroid . Although thyroid disease is common, the public awareness rate is relatively low, and the overall treatment rate is less than 5%. In particular, hypothyroidism is easily misdiagnosed or misdiagnosed because of its early symptoms and atypical symptoms. The high incidence of hypothyroidism is middle-aged and young women, especially women of childbearing age. Hypothyroidism not only endangers their own health, but also threatens the development of offspring.
Why do women always suffer from thyroid disease? Recently, under the joint guidance of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Life and Health Industry Innovation Zone and the Guangdong Health Science Popularization Alliance, the Nandu Health Lecture Hall hosted by Southern Metropolis Daily held a health science popularization lecture with the theme of "Why does thyroid disease always like to "provoke" women", and worked with famous endocrinologists and professor Shen Jie Shen Jie , director of Shunde Hospital of Southern Medical University to solve everyone's doubts. The live broadcast has received 13w+ attention.
live broadcast
2% prevalence. Hyperthyroidism is actually a high-incidence disease
In the human body, there is an organ that looks like a "butterfly" and is like a shield armor. It plays a huge role in controlling and regulating the human body's metabolism. It is the thyroid gland. According to the survey results of the endocrinology of the Chinese Medical Association on epidemiological research on thyroid diseases and iodine nutrition in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions, the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in my country is 15.17%, of which the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is 1.3%-2%.
When you become impatient, have a bigger appetite, have difficulty falling asleep, have fewer menstruation or prolong your cycle... Have you ever thought that this is all the thyroid gland is at work? "Many patients have clinical manifestations of abnormal thyroid function, such as depression, pregnancy or menopause, and therefore have not been diagnosed for a long time." Shen Jie introduced that in fact, doctors can diagnose abnormal thyroid function through simple blood thyroid hormone and thyroid hormone levels.
Why do you have a big neck after suffering from hyperthyroidism? Shen Jie explained that hyperthyroidism can cause diffuse swelling of the thyroid gland. At this time, from the appearance of the neck, you will find that the neck becomes bigger. Of course, there are a few patients with thyroid glands that do not show significant enlargement, so there is no obvious appearance. So who are the people with high incidence of hyperthyroidism? Shen Jie said that if there are thyroid diseases in the family, it will lead to a high incidence of thyroid diseases. At the same time, women are prone to hyperthyroidism due to hormone reasons, especially women of childbearing age. Long-term mental stress and mental trauma, excessive sorrow, panic or tension, can lead to the occurrence of hyperthyroidism.
"The treatment of hyperthyroidism is currently divided into three categories, namely oral medication, surgical treatment and radioactive iodine131. No matter which treatment plan is chosen, the basic treatment is the use of medicine." Shen Jie mentioned that the general treatment cycle is within two years, and the dosage is reduced after the condition is controlled, and the medication is then stopped. When the drug withdrawal period lasts for more than one year, it is considered cured.
If you have hyperthyroidism, it will lead to death within 24 hours after a long period of time? In this regard, Shen Jie said that she should not underestimate hyperthyroidism. If treatment is not carried out, a large amount of thyroid hormone will be released into the blood, causing human body failure. "The choice of salt is very important in daily life. You should eat salt without iodine. If the salt at home contains iodine, we can use the volatile nature of iodine and heat it in a pot. We should appropriately control the high-fiber food , and pay attention to eating foods rich in potassium and calcium. At the same time, eat less and more meals, do not overeat, avoid spicy, tobacco, alcohol, and coffee and avoid eating foods that may cause goiter: cabbage, soybeans, cassava , etc.." Shen Jie suggested.
Beware that this disease damages the fetal intellectual development during pregnancy!
Compared with hyperthyroidism, another thyroid disease is often overlooked by us. Shen Jie pointed out that hypothyroidism has a variety of clinical manifestations and lacks specific symptoms and signs. It does not have typical characteristics such as "thick neck" and "sudden eyes" like hyperthyroidism. In addition, the condition progresses slowly, hypothyroidism is easily overlooked or missed in the early stages.When symptoms such as cold fear, memory loss, weight gain, depression, slow mobility, menstrual disorders, etc., you must pay attention to it and pay attention to whether there is a problem with the thyroid gland.
Women during pregnancy are prone to hypothyroidism and need special attention! "Thyroid hormone is very important for the growth and development of the fetus. In the early stages, the fetus' brain development depends entirely on the mother's thyroid culture. At the same time, the mother's thyroid hormone level determines the fetus' brain growth and development level. It is recommended to screen thyroid function before and during pregnancy." Shen Jie introduced. How to treat hypothyroidism when you find during pregnancy? Every mother is worried that drug treatment will affect the development of the fetus. In this regard, Shen Jie said that since hypothyroidism cannot be cured fundamentally, the purpose of treatment is to replace the lack of thyroid hormone in the body. Therefore, the treatment of hypothyroidism can also be called "replacement", and this treatment is safe and will not affect the health of the fetus. On the contrary, if not treated in time, the health of the fetus will be damaged. It should be noted that alternative treatment is lifelong, and even if the symptoms are controlled, you need to take medication every day and check thyroid function regularly every year.
In terms of dietary management, Shen Jie reminds that patients with hypothyroidism need to limit fat and a diet rich in cholesterol . During hypothyroidism, although plasma cholesterol is not synthesised quickly, it is also excreted slowly, so its blood concentration increases, making it prone to blood lipid disorders. We must provide rich vitamins and protein , and keep ingesting various vegetables and fresh fruits. At the same time, long-term consumption of goiter foods, such as cabbage, turnip , kale, cassava, etc. should be avoided.
Is thyroid nodule a cancer?
In recent years, more and more people have been diagnosed with thyroid nodules during physical examinations. Many people will wonder: What is the relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer ? Shen Jie explained that the thyroid gland is like many islands gathering together, and in some places, there are more thyroid cells, which will produce nodules and . "Don't worry too much about finding thyroid nodules, but don't take it lightly. Just check it regularly." Shen Jie said that in proportion, only 10% of the nodules will have malignant lesions or cancers, while more than 80% are benign.
"Thyroid nodule fine needle aspiration biopsy is also one of the best ways to judge its benign and malignant nature at present." Shen Jie said. Can be judged based on the size of the thyroid nodules? It is impossible to judge whether it is good or bad based on the size of the nodules alone. Even tiny nodules (within 1 cm) need to attract our attention. Most malignant nodules require surgical treatment, while many benign nodules do not require surgery and only need regular observation. Thyroid cancer is a "indifference" cancer, which is relatively mild compared to other cancers, with an average 5-year survival rate of 90%. Shen Jie said that she hopes the public will pay more attention to thyroid health and pay attention to the thyroid health of the female group. Especially for middle-aged and young women, it is recommended to undergo regular thyroid examinations and actively practice early screening, early diagnosis and treatment.
QA
Q: Will thyroid disease be inherited? Is there any good prevention method?
A: If there is a thyroid disease in the family, it will lead to a high incidence of thyroid disease. Keep a happy mood at ordinary times. Thyroid nodules should be reviewed regularly to avoid long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, because ionizing radiation will affect thyroid tissue. At the same time, we must develop good living habits, quit smoking, drinking, and not stay up late. Strengthen exercise, strengthen the body's physical fitness through exercise, and avoid some thyroid diseases.
Q: How should we understand the difference between thyroid nodules level 4 and cancer?
A: According to the nodule classification standards for thyroid nodule color ultrasound, category one and two are benign, category three may be at risk, while category five is more malignant. Thyroid nodules of grade 4 (category) may be benign lesions and may also be malignant. puncture biopsy is required to determine the nature of the lesion. If the malignancy is early, treatment should be given in time.
Q: Can thyroid disease be cured? Some doctors say that hypothyroidism requires lifelong treatment, is it true?
A: Hyperthyroidism is a curable disease and generally does not require lifelong medication.For patients with hyperthyroidism of different ages, the purpose of different treatment methods is to reduce the thyroid hormone levels in the body. Treatment methods include: antithyroid drugs, radioiodine treatment and surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
. Hypothyroidism is mainly caused by various causes of thyroid hormone reduction. The treatment method is mainly hormone replacement therapy. Since hypothyroidism cannot be cured fundamentally, most patients with hypothyroidism need to take medicine for life. Hypothyroidism occurs during pregnancy because of the increase in overall thyroid hormone demand during pregnancy. Active treatment is required during pregnancy. You can consider reducing medication or stopping medication after childbirth.
Q: Hypothyroidism is especially easy to ignore during pregnancy. Why is this stage particularly prone to misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis? How should pregnant women undergo hypothyroidism screening?
A: The clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism are diverse and lack specific symptoms and signs. Because women of childbearing age will experience special physiological changes and high metabolic states during pregnancy, etc., this will make the thyroid disease manifestations during pregnancy atypical and secretive, resulting in misdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of thyroid disease in early pregnancy.
Prenatal examinations should be done during pregnancy, and it is recommended that all women in the early stage of pregnancy screening for thyroid hormone and autoantibodies , not only for pregnant women who have a history of thyroid disease or a related family history or have corresponding symptoms. Once abnormalities occur, you should actively cooperate with the doctor's treatment.
Q: What are the dietary things that need attention to in patients with thyroid nodules?
A: Appropriately consume more vitamins and cellulose fruits, as well as appropriately consume more high-quality proteins with low fat and low cholesterol, such as fish, shrimp, leaner beef, etc. Avoid eating too much spicy food , such as chili peppers, spicy hot pot, etc. These can easily promote the growth of thyroid nodules and can easily cause pain in the nodules. Do not drink alcoholic beverages. At the same time, avoid eating kelp and shellfish that can easily promote thyroid hyperplasia.
If you missed the live broadcast, you can watch the playback by scanning the QR code below.
Live broadcast/interview: Nandu reporter Zeng Wenqiong
Photography: Chen Yunjian Zhang Jingwei Yu Jiaming
Intern: Zhang Xiaotian
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