Chronic gastritis refers to the repeated damage to the gastric mucosa epithelium, which is followed by specific regeneration of the mucosa and is reconstructed, resulting in irreversible atrophy and even disappearance of the inherent gastric glands, thereby causing chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
Chronic gastritis can generally be divided into three types: superficial, atrophic, and hypertrophic . Superficial gastritis can be transformed into atrophic gastritis , and both can exist at the same time. Hypertrophic gastritis is a single type and generally does not evolve into other types.
superficial gastritis: can be asymptomatic or irregular upper abdominal pain, especially after eating greasy foods, and may also be accompanied by acid reflux, belching , abdominal distension and other indigestion symptoms;
atrophic gastritis: can see upper abdominal discomfort, pain, loss of appetite, indigestion, abdominal distension, and diarrhea. Sometimes the symptoms are similar to peptic ulcer or weight loss and anemia, accompanied by glossitis , tongue papillary atrophy, etc.;
hypertrophic gastritis: can see upper abdominal discomfort or pain, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting a lot of mucus or acid reflux, heartburn, accompanied by fatigue, diarrhea, edema, etc.
Why do you suffer from gastritis
There are many causes of gastritis, which can be divided into exogenous and endogenous. Usually, chronic gastritis is the result of the following internal and external interactions.
exogenicity: Helobacter pylori infection , dietary factors (unbalanced nutrition, spicy food, etc.), smoking, drinking, drugs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormones, etc.);
endogenicity: age, genetic susceptibility, bile reflux , diabetes , autoimmune gastritis, etc.
The most common and most important cause is Helicobacter pylori infection
80%-95% of patients with chronic active gastritis have Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection in the gastric mucosa. The inflammation and immune response caused by long-term Hp infection can cause gastric mucosa atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in some patients.
Hp-related chronic gastritis are two common types: general gastritis mainly for the antrum and general gastritis mainly for the gastric body . The former has increased gastric acid secretion, and the risk of duodenal ulcer increases; the latter has decreased gastric acid secretion, and the risk of gastric cancer increases. Therefore, Helicobacter pylori (Hp) testing is recommended for those diagnosed with gastroscopy as chronic "active" gastritis or chronic atrophic gastritis, especially those with symptoms such as indigestion. Elimination of Helicobacter pylori can significantly promote the resolution of chronic gastritis symptoms and significantly reduce the recurrence rate of gastritis. Will chronic gastritis turn into gastric cancer?
Can chronic gastritis turn into gastric cancer?
There is a tendency to diagnose chronic gastritis, and a chronic gastritis will be diagnosed as long as you do gastroscopy. In fact, only Helicobacter pylori infected people generally have chronic gastritis in the standard sense. Although the probability of chronic gastritis becoming cancerous is higher than that of normal people, the actual proportion of patients suffering from gastric cancer is actually relatively low. Standardized treatment as early as possible can control the development of the disease and avoid risks as much as possible.
Generally speaking, the cancerous development of Helicobacter pylori-infected chronic gastritis requires the following long development process:
chronic non-atrogenic gastritis → Chronic atrophic gastritis → gastric mucosa intestinal epithelial metaplasia → Low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia → High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia → Gastric cancer
As long as we intervene in the early stage of the disease, we can prevent from cancer to the greatest extent.
Don’t delay. When moderate to severe atrophic gastritis occurs, if you leave it alone, it may further develop in the direction of gastric cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to:
1. For patients with chronic atrophic gastritis, especially those with moderate to severe intestinalization or low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, it is recommended to perform gastroscopy and pathological histological examinations regularly as prescribed by the doctor.
2. For patients with high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, further examination and confirmation must be carried out immediately. After confirmation, endoscopic treatment or surgical treatment must be taken under the guidance of a doctor as soon as possible.
3. Early gastroscopy for those with symptoms of upper abdominal fullness, belching, acid reflux, nausea, premature fullness, loss of appetite, anemia, weight loss, glossitis, tongue atrophy, and diarrhea. Make early diagnosis, cure the cause in time in the early stage, and review regularly for patients whose symptoms have improved after treatment.
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