The late Eastern Han Dynasty , Cao Cao and Sun Liu coalition forces faced against Red Cliffs. The Sun and Liu coalition command decided to launch a fire attack on Cao Cao, but in the middle of winter, there was only northwest wind, Cao's troops were across the river, the coalition forces were in the southeast, and Cao's troops were in the limelight. If the coalition forces set fire to burn it. It would only hurt his own warship. At that time, "everything is ready, only the east wind is not needed." At this time, Kong Ming was willing to rely on the heavens to borrow the strong winds in the southeast for three days to meet the urgent needs of the war, and agreed on November 20th to Jiazi. Zhou Yu set up troops for him to build an altar, waiting for the movement. At the third update of the agreed day, the wind blows in the southeast, and the coalition forces took advantage of the wind to attack, burned the Red Cliff, and defeated Cao's army. When Kong Ming first sent troops with Zhou Yu, he told Liu Bei: "But see the wind in the southeast, Liang will return." (Chapter 45) Instructed Liu Bei to send Zhao Yun to wait for him at the agreed location on November 20th.
Zhuge Liang
What day is November 20th? It turned out that day was the day of the winter solstice. The earth has two days in its orbit around the sun that "get the most sunlight and get the least sunlight, which will cause various climate changes on the earth's surface. Although the ancients did not understand such deep truths, they discovered the existence of these two turning days, namely "summer solstice" and "winter solstice", and used "summer solstice to produce yin" and "winter solstice to produce yang" to summarize the climate change laws after these two days. According to this rule, before the winter solstice, if the yin energy is strong, it will be on the coast of the Yangtze River . Now it is the northwest wind, so after the winter solstice, the yang energy will grow. The wind direction will change, manifested as the southeast wind. Zhuge Liang made a great contribution to the climate change that comes with the seasons. He was greedy for the achievements of heaven, which was magical and confused Zhou Yu. In fact, Zhuge Liang had no absolute certainty about whether there was a wind even on the day of the wind. He said to the Lu Su around him: "My sons and sons came to the army to help him and mobilize troops. If what Liang prayed for was useless, there should be no wonder. "(Chapter 49) Some people believe that Zhuge Liang knew the day when the southeast wind was blowing was because he knew about the characteristics of local climate change among the fishermen on the river bank in advance. Of course, this possibility cannot be ruled out. It would be better if Kong Ming could do this. However, if Kong Ming knew the climate change law of "Winter Solstice One Yang Born", he could accurately grasp the time when the east wind was blowing. When the southeast wind in Chibi was blowing, Cheng Yu reminded Cao Cao to be wary of it. Cao smiled and replied: "Winter Solstice One Yang Born, how can there be no southeast wind when it comes back? What a wonder! "(Chapter 49) Since Cao Cao also knew the law of climate change, Kong Ming was more likely to master and apply this law.
magic tricks and a straw boat borrowed arrows
At the time, the winter solstice, and the southeast wind rose from the river bank. Kong Ming pretended to be a borrower of the wind from Zhou Yu. First, he wanted to be mysterious and greedy for his own achievements. He "fighted" for great achievements in the battle to defeat Cao as an important excuse to occupy Jingzhou in the future. For example, once Lu Su came to ask for Jingzhou, he proposed: "If I hadn't borrowed the southeast wind, how could Zhoulang have achieved half of his achievements? "(Chapter 54) The second reason for falsely claiming to borrow the wind was that he wanted to get rid of Zhou Yu, quickly returned to his army, dispatched troops and compete with Zhou Yu for Cao Cao's lost territory. In fact, Kong Ming made many preparations for him to leave Zhou Yu's camp: First, he ordered Liu Bei to send Zhao Yun to respond at the designated location when the wind blows in the southeast of Jiazi day; Second, he left Zhou Yu's camp in the name of borrowing the wind in the altar, which not only got rid of Zhou Yu's direct surveillance, but also caused him to paralyze him; Third, he found an excuse to send Lu Su around him on the day of the wind; Fourth, before the wind rose, he ordered the soldiers guarding the altar sent by Zhou Yu: "Don't leave the direction without leaving, whisper, do not lose talk, and be beaten with monsters if he violates the order! "(Chapter 49) He used the soldiers' mystery of the altar to borrow the wind and deprived them of all their freedom. Until Zhou Yu sent troops to capture him, the soldiers guarding the altar were still holding the flag and standing in the wind. This created great convenient conditions for his freedom of movement.
Viewing the celestial phenomena at night
There are two problems here: First, since the proverb of "Winter Solstice One Yang Born" reveals the laws of climate change, why do generals such as Zhou Yu worry about the absence of southeastern wind? In fact, many generals often ignore the role of climate factors in war, especially the turning point of climate with the seasons. They have not developed a thinking pattern to comprehensively consider various future factors in war. Zhuge Liang is good at making such considerations. This is exactly his extraordinary cleverness as a military leader, and it is what we need to point out and want to give full affirmation here. Second, since Cao Cao also knows the principle that "the sun is born on the winter solstice, and when it comes back, how can there be no southeast wind?" So why did he relieve everyone's doubts when he accepted the suggestion of Pang Tong and used iron rings to chain ships, saying, "Whether you use fire to attack, you must use the wind." In the middle of winter, there is a west wind and a north wind, how can there be east wind and a south wind? "(Chapter 48) We believe that Cao Cao had a loophole here, "In the middle of winter, there is a west wind and north wind", which is a judgment of the climate in a time period; "Winter solstice is born" refers to the turning point of the climate at a time point, and the winter solstice is included in the middle of winter. The relationship between them is shown in the figure. When Cao Cao judged that "but there is a west wind and north wind", he was at point P. His judgment was correct at that time, but because point P was in the middle of winter, he made the conclusion that "in the middle of winter, there is a west wind and north wind", which is a problem.
burned Cao Ying
In fact, he can only say that there was only the west wind and north wind some time ago. His conclusion was that the special name judgment was replaced with the full name judgment, and this leak occurred in thinking. The cave caused him to inappropriately extend the time limit of his judgment and ignore the climate change at the winter solstice. During the winter solstice, the wind direction turned. When the first southeastern wind suddenly rose, Cao Cao was defeated by the fire before he could react and correct his wrong judgment about "the time of winter, but there was west and north wind". Cao Cao was considering a time period and ignored one of the special points. Zhuge Liang seized this special point and did not give Cao Cao the opportunity to correct it. Kong Ming used the foggy weather " straw boat borrowing arrows " which was similar to the "borrowing wind" event.
In short, Zhuge Liang was good at using seasonal conditions and climatic conditions in combat, and was good at using the laws of climate change that occurred with the seasons; he could think what others had never thought, know the feelings of heaven, and be clever, so he could get help from "heaven".
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