Orleans Siege began on October 12, 1428, ended on May 8, 1429, and took place during Hundred Years War (1337-1453). The siege in the late stages of the conflict marked the first major victory for France since its defeat in Agincourt in 1415. In 1428, the British army advanced towards Orleans and began a loose siege of the city. The French had great strategic value and began to reinforce the garrison. In 1429, the French army drove the British out of the city with the help of Joan of Arc , and the situation reversed. After saving Orleans, France effectively turned the situation around.
Background
1428 In 2014, the British tried to maintain the requirements of Henry VI for the French throne through the Treaty of Troyes. Under the leadership of the Earl of Salisbury, 6,000 British soldiers have taken control of most of northern France with their Burgundian allies, who landed in Calais . Duke of Bedford Another 4,000 soldiers drawn from Normandy soon encountered these people.
advanced southward, and they successfully occupied Chartre and several other towns in late August. After occupying Jeanville, they then drove to the Loire Valley and occupied Merne on September 8. After moving downstream to occupy Bojensi, Salisbury sent troops to occupy Jaerjo.
Orleans siege
- Conflict: Hundred Years War (1337-1453)
- Date: October 12, 1428 to May 8, 1429
- Army and Commander:
- English
- Earl of Shrewsbury
- Earl of Salisbury
- Duke of Suffolk
- About 5,000 The man
- French
- Joan of Arc
- Dunova's John
- Jill Deles
- Let Debrous
- About 6,400-10,400
Siege began
Isolated Orleans, Salisbury consolidated his troops, leaving garrisons in the conquest of the southern city on October 12, and now there are about 4,000 people. Although the city is located on the north side of the river, the British initially faced the southern shore of fortifications. These include a fortress (fortified compound) and a twin tower gatehouse called Les Tourelles.
On October 23, they launched their initial efforts against the two positions and successfully expelled the French. The French retreated on their damaged 19 Arch Bridge and retreated to the city. The British began to dig the Les Tourelles and the nearby Les Augustins monastery. The next day, Salisbury suffered fatal injuries while investigating French positions from Les Tourelles.
He was replaced by the less aggressive Earl of Suffolk. As the weather changed, Suffolk retreated from the city, leaving Sir William Glasdale and a small force stationed at Letourelle and entered the winter camp. Fearing about such inaction, Bedford sent the Earl of Shrewsbury and reinforcements to Orleans. Shrewsbury arrived in early December to take over command and transfer troops back to the city.
Siege tightened
Shrewsbury moved most of his troops to the north shore and built a large fortress around the Church of St. Laurent in the west of the city. More forts were also built on Charlemagne the Great in the river and around St Prive's Church in the south. The British commander then built a series of three forts extending northeast, connected by a defensive ditch.
Due to the lack of enough manpower to completely surround the city, he established two forts east of Orleans, St. Lup Fort and St. Jean LeBron Fort with the aim of preventing supply from entering the city. Because English lines are full of loopholes, they have never been fully implemented.
Orleans reinforcements and Burgundy withdrawals
At the beginning of the siege, Orleans had only a small garrison, but was expanded by militia companies, which guarded the city's 34 towers. As the British defense never completely cut off the city, reinforcements began to enter one after another, and Jean de Dunoir took over the defense. Although Shrewsbury's army was expanded in the winter by the arrival of 1,500 Burgundians, the British were soon outnumbered as the number of troops garrison surged to about 7,000.
1 In November, the French King Charles VII assembled a rescue force downstream of Blois . Under the leadership of the Earl of Clermont, the army chose to attack the British supply train on February 12, 1429 and was defeated in the Battle of Herring. Although the British siege was not tight, the situation in the city became critical due to insufficient supplies.
Fate of France began to change in February, when Orleans application was placed under the protection of Duke of Burgundy . This led to a rift in the Anglo-Burgundian league, as Bedford, who ruled as the Regent of Henry, rejected the arrangement. The Burgundians were angry at Bedford's decision and therefore withdrew from the siege, further weakening the British defense line. As the plot with the Burgundians reached its peak, Charles met the young Joan of Arc for the first time in his court in Chinon. She believed she was following divine guidance and asked Charlie to allow her to lead the rescue troops to Orleans. Meeting with Joan on March 8, he sent her to Poitiers for review by clergy and parliament. With their consent, she returned to Chinon in April, and Charlie agreed to let her lead a supply force to Orleans.
Her troops, together with the Duke of Alonson, advanced along the south bank, meeting Dunova in Cesie. Supplies were invaded into the city while Dunova launched a restraining attack. After spending the night in Chesey, Joan entered the city on April 29.
In the next few days, Joan assessed the situation, while Dunova set out to Blois to mobilize the main force of the French army. The force arrived on May 4, with French troops attacking the fortress of Saint-Lup. Although intent to divert attention, the attack turned into a bigger engagement, and Joan joined the battle on horseback. Shrewsbury tried to rescue his besieged troops, but was blocked by Dunova and St. Lup was occupied.
Orleans breathed a sigh of relief
The next day, Shrewsbury began to consolidate his position near the Les Tourelles complex and St. Jean le Blanc, south of the Loire. On May 6, lead the large force to attack and cross Ile-Aux-Toiles. After discovering this, St. Jean LeBron's garrison retreated to Le Augustine. In pursuit of the British, the French launched several attacks on the monastery throughout the afternoon, until they finally took it down later that day.
Dunois raided St. Laurent, successfully preventing Shrewsbury from providing assistance. His situation was getting weaker and the British commander withdrew all his troops from the South Bank, except for the garrison of Les Tourelles. On the morning of May 7, Joan and other French commanders such as Laher, Alendon, Dunoit and Ponton de Santraye gathered east of Lethurel.
continues to move forward and they start attacking the bastor around 8:00 am. The battle lasted for a day and the French were unable to break through the British defense. During the operation, Qiong was injured and forced to leave the field. As the casualties increased, Dunova considered whether to cancel the attack, but was persuaded by Joan to move on. After praying privately, Joan rejoined the battle. The appearance of her advanced flag aroused the French army that finally attacked the fortress.
This operation coincides with an fire ship burning the suspension bridge between the Basin and Les Tourelles. The British resistance in the Barbican began to collapse, and French militia from the city crossed the bridge and attacked Les Tourelles from the north. When night fell, the entire complex was occupied and Qiong crossed the bridge and reentered the city.After being defeated on the South Bank, the British gathered their troops to fight the following morning and appeared from the fortifications in the northwest of the city. Assuming a formation similar to Crécy, they invited the French to attack. Although the French went on a war, Joan advised not to launch an attack.
Consequences
When the French obviously would not attack, Shrewsbury began to retreat to Mern in an orderly manner and ended the siege. As a key turning point in the Hundred Years War, the Siege of Orleans made Joan of Arc famous. To keep the momentum, the French embarked on a successful Loire campaign, with Joan’s army driving the British out of the area in a series of battles, eventually culminating in Patay.
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