Since the gang training under Zhao Quanzhong was composed of a group of idle, brave and fierce scoundrels who oppressed the people, Zhao Quanzhong was in danger of death. At this time, what the Hui leaders such as Ren Wu also did was also in a rebellious nature. The Lintong Count

In the first year of Tongzhi, the leaders of Renwu , Hemingtang and other Huimin killed Zhao Quanzhong, and the clerk Hong Xing led the Taiping Army to conquer Weinan City and Huazhou City one after another (recorded in Chapter 7, Section 4 of "History of Modern Chinese Wars").

Since the group training under Zhao Quanzhong was in charge of a group of idle, brave and fierce scoundrels who were bullying the people, Zhao Quanzhong was in danger of death. At this time, what the Hui leaders such as Ren Wu also did was also in a rebellious nature. However, this uprising did not last long. Soon, Ren Wu and others' actions changed from uprising to massacres against innocent people in Weinan, Huazhou , Tongzhou (now Dali ).

Ren Wu, Hemingtang, Bai Yanhu , Ma Zhanao and other rebel leaders formed the 18th battalion, and Ren Wu was elected as the marshal. From then on, the misfortune of the people of Shaanxi and Gansu provinces began, and a large number of innocent people were slaughtered by rebel forces every day.

"Lintong County Chronicles" records: From 1862 to 1869, more than 300,000 people were killed, and Weihe No village in the north and south of the Weihe One person was spared.

At that time, the people of many counties in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces suffered similar misfortunes. Among the leaders of the 18th Rebels, the cruelest one was Bai Yanhu. He led the rebels to use cruel means of slaughtering the village every time he entered a village.

The rebels' massacre of innocent people in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces caused panic among the Qing government. The Qing government sent Shengbao to suppress the rebellion, but Shengbao was defeated by the rebels, but Shengbao lied that he had won the battle, but the Qing government saw through the lies. Shengbao was dismissed and imprisoned. Daur general Dolonga replaced Shengbao and led his army to quell the rebellion.

Dolonga was brave and good at fighting. He defeated Ren Wu's rebels in less than a year. Because Ren Wu was mean and jealous, he once killed a brave leader in the rebels and was very harsh on other leaders under him. Therefore, Ren Wu was killed by a leader under him who had been resentful to him for a long time.

Although Ren Wu died, this had no effect on the rebels. The rebels still slaughtered innocent people in various parts of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the regiments in various parts of Shaanxi and Gansu did not dare to compete with the rebels, so they went to the village where the rebels' relatives lived and killed the rebels' parents, wives, children and other relatives.

Dolonga later died during the rebellion. The national hero Zuo Zongtang The veteran general led Hunan Army soldiers to replace Duolonga and began the important task of suppressing rebellion in Shaanxi and Gansu.

Picture of the veteran general Zuo Zongtang's expedition (Today's headlines: Reading history and famous works)

Before telling the story of the veteran general Zuo Zongtang's expedition, I will first list the population changes before and after the rebellion of each county recorded in the individual county annals were pacified in Shaanxi and Gansu.

"Fuping County Chronicles" records: In 1855, there were 46,579 households in the entire county town, and the number of people was about 250,000. However, in 1876, the result of the statistics again was that there were only 28,543 households left, and the number of people also became about 120,000.

"Sanyuan County Chronicles" records: Before the rebellion of Shaanxi and Gansu, the population of Sanyuan County was about 160,000, and only about 40,000 remained after the rebellion of Shaanxi and Gansu was put down.

"Gaoling County Chronicles" records: Gaoling County's population before the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui Rebellion was nearly 70,000. After the Shaanxi-Gansu Hui Rebellion was put down, the population of Gaoling County has been lost by half.

The veteran General Zuo Zongtang led the soldiers of the Hunan Army to defeat Bai Yanhu's rebellious forces first. The general of the Hunan Army Liu Songshan was ordered by the veteran General Zuo Zongtang to quell the rebellious forces in northern Shaanxi. Liu Songshan fulfilled his mission, won a great victory, and conquered the army of Dong Fuxiang.

Bai Yanhu led the rebellious forces to retreat to Dong Zhiyuan (located in Ning County, Gansu Province today), and the veteran general Zuo Zongtang led the soldiers of the Hunan Army to chase Dong Zhiyuan, and took three years to defeat Bai Yanhu's rebellious forces again. Bai Yanhu led the rebellious forces to escape to Jinji Fort and defected to Ma Hualong .

At this time, Liu Songshan and the veteran General Zuo Zongtang met. Liu Songshan led his army to attack Jinji Fort first. Unfortunately, he was hit by Ma Hualong's plan to surrender. Liu Songshan was killed. The veteran General Zuo Zongtang and Liu Songshan's nephew Liu Jintang were extremely sad.

Later, Ma Hualong's rebellion was besieged by the Hunan Army, so Ma Hualong wanted to use the same trick again, trying to target the veteran General Zuo Zongtang with a deceptive surrender strategy, but was discovered by the veteran General Zuo Zongtang. The veteran General Zuo Zongtang asked Liu Jintang to capture Ma Hualong. In order to avenge his uncle Liu Songshan, Liu Jintang sent someone to submit a report to the Qing government, requesting Ma Hualong Lingchi to be executed, and obtained approval.

Jinji Fort ended with the victory of the Hunan Army, and Bai Yanhu led his rebels to escape again.

The veteran General Zuo Zongtang continued to lead his army to quell the rebellion. During the process of quelling the rebellion, many rebel leaders including Ma Zhanao surrendered to the veteran General Zuo Zongtang and quelled the rebellion with the Hunan Army.

The veteran general Zuo Zongtang led the Hunan Army and the surrendered rebels to usher in a decisive battle in the tenth year of suppressing the rebellion in Shaanxi and Gansu. At this time, the only leader of the rebels was Ma Wenlu, the rebel leader of Suzhou, and Bai Yanhu had led the remaining rebel forces to surrender to the "Central Asian Butcher" Agubai .

Zuo Zongtang led the Hunan Army and the surrendered rebels in total. These more than 60 battalions of soldiers attacked Ma Wenlu's rebels under the command of the veteran General Zuo Zongtang. The rebels who left the city to fight were suffering heavy casualties, so Ma Wenlu held on to the city and refused to leave the city.

"A Brief History of Punishment of Guanlong" records: Seeing that the strong attack was difficult to work, Zuo Zongtang asked the leader to be surrendered Cui Wei , Ma Fushou and others to ride horses around the city and shout, "Ma Wenlu descends quickly", hoping to persuade Ma Wenlu to surrender. Under the siege of the Qing army for more than a year, the food and grass in Suzhou City had been exhausted, and the rebels had to slaughter mules and horses to fill their hunger.

Ma Wenlu knew that there was no way out, because Bai Yanhu had already surrendered to Agubai, so no one could support him, so Ma Wenlu decided to surrender to the veteran General Zuo Zongtang.

The veteran General Zuo Zongtang remembered the large number of innocent people killed by the rebels since the first year of Tongzhi, and thought that the rebellion had been successful and no longer needed to accept the surrender of the rebels. So he decided to avenge the innocent people killed since the first year of Tongzhi on this day. Therefore, the veteran General Zuo Zongtang ordered that the rebel leader Ma Wenlu, many small leaders and rebel soldiers be executed. The veteran General Zuo Zongtang has always been strict in military discipline and broad-minded. Therefore, the elderly, women and children among the rebel relatives were not implicated by the rebels.

At this point, the veteran General Zuo Zongtang successfully completed the important task of suppressing the rebellion in Shaanxi and Gansu, and avenged the large number of innocent people killed by the rebels.

The reason why the veteran General Zuo Zongtang hated Ma Wenlu so much was mainly because Ma Wenlu's rebels gathered in all rebels except the rebels who defected to the "Central Asian butcher" Aguber, and these rebels were extremely cruel.

"Weiyuan County Chronicles" records the evil deeds of these rebels: "There are tens of thousands of animals slaughtering poison, and all the officials and civilians in the city died. After a day of killing, tens of thousands of people died, blood flowed into a canal, and corpses piled up like mountains, and sad eyes were sad."

Therefore, the veteran General Zuo Zongtang executed all Ma Wenlu's rebels entirely because of their hatred for them. After all, the rebels' methods of treating innocent people were very cruel.

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