The total text is 5634 words, and it needs to be read for 8 minutes. The following is the main text:
- person: refers to the person who manufactures the product;
- machine: refers to the equipment used to manufacture the product;
- material: refers to the raw materials used to manufacture the product;
- method: refers to the method used to manufacture the product;
- ring: refers to the environment in which the product is manufactured. Among the five major elements of
, people are in the central position and driving position. Just like a driving car, the four wheels of a car are four elements: "machine", "material", "law" and "ring", and the driver's "human" element is the main factor. Without the driver, the car could only remain in place and become a waste.
If a factory has good machines, materials, and methods of processing products, and the surrounding environment is also suitable for production, but this factory has no employees, it still cannot produce.
people's analysis
. Does the system affect people’s work?
. Is it a question of selecting people?
. Is it insufficient training?
. Is the skills not right?
. Are people distracted by the company?. Is there anyone responsible?
. Can people operate machines? Are people adapting to the environment? Do people understand the method? Do people know the material?
machine analysis
refers to the equipment, tools and other auxiliary production tools used in production. During production, whether the equipment is operating normally and the quality of the tools are another factor that affects the production progress and product quality.
. Is the selection correct?
. Is it a maintenance problem?
. Does the matching match of the machine correspond?
. Are the people who work as machines right? Is the operation method of the machine correct? Is the environment in which the machine is placed adapted?
The management of machinery and equipment is divided into three aspects, namely use, inspection and maintenance. Use means cultivating operators based on the performance and operating requirements of the machine and equipment, so that they can operate and use the equipment for production correctly. This is the most basic content of equipment management.
detection refers to confirming the status and performance of the equipment according to certain standards before and after use, detecting equipment abnormalities early, and preventing unexpected use of the equipment. This is the key to equipment management.
Maintenance refers to the maintenance, cleaning, oiling of the equipment at a certain time interval according to the characteristics of the equipment, to prevent equipment deterioration and extend the service life of the equipment. It is an important part of equipment management. Analysis of
material
. Is it real?
. Is the model correct?
. Does it have a shelf life?
. Have you entered the factory for inspection?
. Is it suitable for the specifications?
. Is the material adaptable to the environment? Is the material and the machine coordinated? Will the material and other materials not affect each other? Analysis ofmethod
. Is it done according to the method?
. Is the method suitable?
. Is there any way?
. Is the method for the corresponding person? Is the method possible in this environment? Analysis ofloop
. Has the environment changed in the timeline?
. Is the environment artificial? Can small environments and big bad environments be compatible?
- Workplace environment. It refers to the placement of various products and raw materials, the layout of tools and equipment and personal 5S.
- controls hazardous goods. One is the stacking of chemicals, such as alcohol , Tianna water, etc.The second is the control of six chemical substances by the product during the production process. (lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent network, polybrominated biphenyl , polybrominated diphenyl ether)
- production environment. It refers to the control of temperature, humidity, dust-free requirements for production conditions during the specific production process.
problem level:
. Preliminary qualitative
. Qualification of secondary causes still requires three qualitative qualitative after qualitative qualitative qualitative qualitative results, which can still be suitable for analysis of human-machine material loop
. In fact, there are just a few more questions. Why
Example:
. I found the engine oil on the ground
. The reason for fake "machine" is that there is a problem with the "person" who bought it.
. Why are there problems with "people"?
. Is it a "law" without supervision?QC method of corrective measures
Measures formulated system diagram method
Comprehensive characteristics (man-machine material law ring) + system diagram method
In every means, the person in charge, method and when to achieve what effect
man-machine material law ring, Chinese manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprise management thinking
, Deficiencies of corporate culture - problems in management concept
In my country's small and medium-sized enterprises, few enterprises have their own culture. Even if they have it, they are made when building systems, and they are not truly practical. So the author compares my corporate culture between private enterprises and sole proprietorships in Japanese:
So let’s first look at what the corporate behavior plan for domestic small enterprises to corporate culture, including the extension of corporate culture, looks like? ?
in the country, basically no enterprises pay attention to corporate culture.
The enterprise does not have a clear note on corporate behavior.
The following is an analysis of the enterprise's management system:
A. The strongest concept:
A enterprise example
President's policy: establish a trusted xxx
. We aim to obtain the highest customer review and trust in quality.
. We have the spirit of challenge and aim to make sustainable enterprises
B. Complete rules and regulations---all rules and regulations stipulate how employees do it.
1. System-Bottleneck
This part will be seen from the fact that when you enter the company, the general manager wants ordinary employees, they all wear consent clothing. It is not that you are the leader, you can not wear factory clothes. The system is treated equally. From this we can see that foreign-funded enterprises will have a complete model.
Japanese companies generally have a management model. They understand what to do at a certain stage. The working model of the entire company is basically done step by step. Every newcomer comes to a Japanese company and the company will have special training. He will tell you what to do and what method to use. Even if you fill out forms, there will be someone who will teach you.
But the company will also have a complete set of strict management models. This very strict management system, hierarchy system, , will make it difficult for people who are not familiar with Japanese culture to feel comfortable. Taiwanese-funded enterprises will also have a strict system to restrict. Although the European and American enterprise systems are relatively loose, employees of European and American enterprises need to be wary of the danger of being "fired" at any time.
In my country, as the number of corporate personnel and departments increases, the bosses of the company will become busier and busier. At this time, there are work standards, systems and processes. If a company does not have a complete system, even if you recruit managers, it will be gone because of the incomplete corporate system.
2. System - Execution ability
Why is it written like this? Because in some small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, there will be a system. Last year, I went to an audit by a private company in Changzhou . I was looking at the information at that time and found that it was very complete and I had everything I should have. Very thin.
But when you look at the actual situation, you know that the system has not been implemented at all. At that time, their general manager complained to me that the system was difficult to implement, there were too many relatives in the factory and the quality of employees was poor. In fact, I think our companies should learn from the strength of Japanese companies' implementation - unconditional execution.
In fact, everyone has a system. Let me give you an example:
There is a small state-owned enterprise in Suzhou who went bankrupt due to poor management. Later, it started a joint venture with a Japanese company. Japan managed the factory. The Japanese side made appropriate modifications to the system. The welfare benefits of employees were better than before, and then made a request: unconditional implementation of the system. As a result, in less than half a year, the company's efficiency gradually improved, and the company turned losses into profits in one year.
In fact, execution ability is related to interpersonal relationships, that is, people's hearts are in line with their own hearts. I still remember that when the state issued stocks, the people did not accept them. They gradually used various methods to gradually make the public accept stocks. This is actually the hearts of herd play a role.
So the execution ability of the enterprise can also be cultivated. If all employees have good execution ability, some of them will have good execution ability even if they are not satisfied. This is like the state issuing stocks and treasury bonds, which guarantees with the country's credit and development expectations.
So companies should give employees a good credit guarantee, rather than changing their orders every day and making different words and deeds. Coupled with good corporate development expectations. By cultivating the company's execution ability will be very high, and even temporary difficulties will be easily overcome.
1. Manufacturer, machine, material, method, and ring (direct unit)
For Chinese enterprises, the production of products is of course produced according to the requirements of customers, but you can see that they are directly related to production. Indirect production units have great problems with the control of standards: the standards are not subdivided, and the standards are not strictly implemented---it can be said that the direct units for producing products are people, machines, materials, methods, and rings.
people
Speaking of people, we must not mention welfare benefits
For treatment: Europe and the United States are more generous, Japan is more average, China should not mention
Enterprise welfare is mainly composed of four major parts: salary, training, vacation system and other parts. In these four aspects:
A. Salary
Generally speaking, European and American companies give higher wages because they want the best talents and they have strict requirements on people's education, experience, etc.
Japanese-funded enterprises are considered medium-sized, because in Japanese-funded enterprises, they require employees to be stable and experienced.
The salary of Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises is the lowest, and it depends on the face of the business owner or the boss’s relatives.
B. Training
In terms of employee training, European and American companies are obviously more generous in their actions. Surveys show that European and American companies mostly train their management, professionals and general employees for external enterprise training. Japanese-funded enterprises combine external training and internal training. Overall, there are more internal than external.
. For Chinese enterprises, this part is basically internal.
C. Leave system
In the setting of the leave system, the more you value the qualifications of employees in the corporate culture of Japanese companies. The longer you serve the company, the more you can get enough time for vacation in any position you are in. Generally speaking, European and American companies and Japanese companies will give you holidays according to national regulations.
. For some companies in my country, they still work six days, and some say that overtime is considered to be overtime, with overtime pay of 2-4 yuan/hour. It seems that many Chinese companies do not regard Chinese people as human beings. In terms of the vacation system, foreign capital such as Europe and the United States are more humane.
D. In other aspects, housing benefits should be considered large-scale
Japanese-funded enterprises are not much different from European and American companies. In the settings of some projects, Japanese companies have performed more outstandingly. Generally, foreign capital in Europe and the United States will pay housing provident fund to employees, and some will also add a housing subsidy in addition to the housing provident fund. This is a big gap for small enterprises in my country. Some enterprises do not even pay pension insurance to employees.
So, an enterprise is the first responsible person for the product. Stable personnel are responsible for the stability of the product. The proficiency of personnel plays a crucial role in the stability of the product. Here we are also essential to mention: the turnover rate of personnel.
For the personnel turnover rate: Japanese companies have more stable jobs, followed by European and American companies. Although Japanese companies have less income than European and American companies, the advantage of Japanese companies is that they have stable work and do not have high requirements for employees.
As long as you don’t make any mistakes, Japanese companies will not easily fire employees. In European and American companies, employees need to be wary of the danger of being fired at any time. Therefore, for small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, they must strengthen their own human resources management and reduce unnecessary loss of personnel. Achieve product stability.
machine
Production capacity, equipment maintenance, spare parts, etc.
When the company receives an order, it will evaluate the order, what kind of machine is the best and which machine is the most economical and affordable. Including the purchase of mechanical spare parts, normal maintenance, etc.
In this regard, foreign companies such as Europe and the United States will have special project personnel and special enterprise cost control personnel to calculate the most with the minimum amount of money.
For machine procurement, foreign companies such as Europe and the United States will invest a lot of money. However, they are also very strict for subsequent maintenance, and some consumable parts will be strictly carried out according to the requirements.
. For small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, sometimes they will buy some particularly advanced machinery, but for subsequent maintenance and consumable parts management are far from keeping up with those foreign companies.
material
material, forming the material part of the product, qualified raw materials that can meet the product requirements after processing should be used to avoid product failure due to raw material problems. In the manufacturing industry, raw material costs account for a large proportion of the total cost, generally above 60%, and the highest can reach 90%, which is the main object of cost control.
Factors that affect raw material costs include procurement, inventory, production consumption, recycling, quality control, etc. In order to control raw material costs, they generally choose stable suppliers. In Japan, large companies like Toyota have established a unique long-term cooperative relationship with their subsidiaries and formed their own corporate groups with certain large companies. Material control or not plays a great role in determining the quality of the product.
In this regard, European and American companies will have special personnel responsible for raw materials. There are special procurement in procurement, and special engineers and inspectors in terms of quality control, so as to reduce the occurrence of defective rates, or send people to the factory to solve the defective rates of materials during the production process.
For small and medium-sized enterprises in my country in recent years, it can be seen that in terms of material control, it is becoming more and more felt that small and medium-sized enterprises are becoming mature, from no one to specialized personnel to manage material procurement.
method
method constitutes the technical components of the product. A reasonable process will reduce product costs and increase the pass rate. It can be said that a reasonable process plus the correct production operation process constitutes a qualified product. Simply put, it can be divided into: operation guidance methods, inspection guidance methods, machine operation methods, etc.
Occupational guidance method:
Occupational guidance book is used to specifically guide on-site production or management work. Its structure and form depend entirely on the nature and complexity of the assignment. When writing the homework guide, you should regard your employees as a fool. In this way, when writing, you should divide the method into steps and make simple words. For the homework instructions, it is the most easy to understand, the process is simple, and placed where employees can see their eyesight.
For example: In Japanese companies, a die-casting machine (that is, a bushing is die-casting in a bearing) . In this kind of operation, the operator will often miss the bushing, causing product bad products.
For this situation, they do die casting to make a set electronic balance next to them. The operator produces the product and flows directly into the electronic balance. This will avoid the emergence of bad products. Of course, this cost is relatively high, but in the long run, humans will have more errors than machines.
In fact, in many foreign-funded factories, the current production lines are assembly lines, because the probability of people suffering from unintentional errors is much greater than that of machines. In my country, due to the cheap labor force, many small and medium-sized enterprises will consider the short-term costs of the enterprise, causing many product problems in the enterprise.
In many enterprises in my country, many homework instructions are useless. They are time-consuming and hindering people's hands and feet. Some people think that I have been engaged in this work for many years, and I can memorize the work steps backwards, and I can even do it well with my eyes closed. In fact, it is a very wrong thing. The homework instructions can be said to be aware of the homework behavior. Even if there is a good method, I have to practice it before I can correct the homework instructions.
Inspection guidance method
Due to the different specific operation characteristics and properties during the product formation process, the form and content of the inspection instructions are also different. There are inspection instructions for purchase inspection, inspection instructions for process (process) inspection; shipment inspection instructions, etc.
The most important thing for inspection instructions is the production of inspection tools: it is mentioned above that the probability of an error in the machine is smaller than that of a human. Perform the order of action faithfully: reduce unnecessary actions and be uniform.
In Japanese companies, almost all measurements will be replaced by a very simple and intuitive tool. In fact, the reason is very simple: make it easy for employees to accept. Control product defects and achieve zero defects.
case For the inspection guide, it is to use the simplest method to control the occurrence of defective products and achieve a pass rate of 100%.
Machine operation method
For machine operation method, foreign companies generally have specialized personnel to operate the machine, which reduces the chance of machine damage. Achieving the maximum utilization rate of the machine. For small and medium-sized enterprises in my country, this point has not been improved at present, and some enterprises have no machine operation methods for machines at all.
ring
1. The production environment can also be understood as 5S
It can be said that the factory production environment can affect the production efficiency of the operator. Think about the lack of a specified area near the operator's workbench, and the tools for the operation are placed randomly. What consequences will this cause?
of course, production efficiency decreases and poor product production occurs. In this regard, Japan is the originator of the development of 5S. European and American companies currently attach great importance to 5S. The worst 5S is Chinese small and medium-sized enterprises. In their opinion, this has nothing to do with production.
can be seen from the above. There is still a big gap between corporate products and foreign companies in terms of concepts in terms of control issues.
2. Auxiliary tools are also important (indirect unit)
. For enterprises, product production auxiliary tools can be divided into: auxiliary equipment and auxiliary materials.
Auxiliary materials:
is a raw material or an indirect cost, depending on the purpose of the auxiliary material. If it is used for production, it can be collected from the cost of a certain product and can be used as raw material. If it is collected from other departments, losses, etc., and cannot be collected from a certain product, it can be used as indirect cost.
To put it in an analogy, when you apply for a real estate certificate, you need a lot of auxiliary materials, and you cannot get it if you lack one of your real estate certificates. In fact, the truth is very clear, that is, none of these cannot be missing in the production process of product .
Auxiliary equipment:
For auxiliary equipment on production, including accessories, etc. Some enterprises in my country often stop work due to lack of accessories from machines.
-END-
Article source: Internet (if infringement and delete)
Article editor: Blean
Submission method: wan [email protected]
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