Water is the source of life and the foundation of survival. Protecting water resources is protecting human life and the life of everything in the world.
towering Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau , vast Ailao Mountain ; surging red river water, rolling vine river. The southwestern border of the motherland, the Jinping Miao Yao Dai Autonomous County (hereinafter referred to as Jinping County) is located in the south of Honghe Prefecture, located in the south of Honghe Prefecture, Luchun County, in the west, old cities and Yuanyang County in the north, across the Honghe Autonomous County in the east, and bordering Hekou Yao Autonomous County in the south, and Vietnam Socialist Republic in the south. The maximum horizontal distance between east and west is 115 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance between north and south is 70 kilometers.
Jinping County is located in a unique mountainous area along the China-Vietnam border. The main rivers in its area include Honghe, Vineyard River, Jinping River, etc., and they all run across the entire Jinping County, winding southeast, and rushing away. The south bank of the Red River, the Tengzhao River and the Jinping River are high and densely packed with water, gurgling all over the fields, green and green, towering mountains are ups and downs, high and tall. Miaoling Mountain Village, Dai Bamboo Tower, , Yao Village, Hani and Yi Village are scattered, and are surrounded by mountains and river valleys. Since ancient times, green mountains and clear waters have nurtured the people of all ethnic groups in Jinping.
This wealthy land in Jinping County is home to nine ethnic groups: Miao, Yao, Dai, Hani, Yi, Han, Zhuang, Lahu ( Kucong people ), and Brown ( Mang people ) for generations. It is reported that as of December 2021, the permanent population of Jinping County was 369,000, and ethnic minorities accounted for 88.14%.
Jinping County is located in the low-latitude plateau area in southern Yunnan. It belongs to the tropical monsoon climate zone, with abundant rainfall and obvious dry and wet. The soil contains long-lived trace elements such as selenium and germanium. Many water sources have been monitored for years to reach natural mineral water sources. There is no severe cold in winter and no scorching heat in summer, and the air is sweet. The average life expectancy of residents is 79.3 years, 2.3 years higher than the national population. There are 47 elderly people over 100 years old in the county. All indicators meet or exceed the "longevity recognition standard". They are the first recognized " China's longevity hometown " in Yunnan Province.
△The beautiful scenery of the Jinping River is known as the "Mother River" of the Jinping people. Huang Zeguang/photo
. Protect water according to law to create beautiful scenery, the mountains and rivers are beautiful like fairyland
The water source has not moved, management is the first. Managing water resources is the eternal theme of protecting the earth—the home of mankind. Leading cadres at all levels in Jinping County attach great importance to water resources management work, regard water environment protection as an important task in building a beautiful Jinping, building a beautiful Red River, building a beautiful Yunnan, and building a beautiful China. It is regarded as a major project to benefit future generations. From the perspective of being politically conscious, promoting development, ensuring safety, quality and stability, relying on the strength of the broad masses of people, persevering, and effectively carrying out water environment protection work in accordance with the law.
The Jinping County Government and relevant departments jointly formulate management rules and regulations for important water resources such as rivers, reservoirs, and waterfalls in the county area, and implement the "river chief (reservo chief, waterfall chief) system". From the county party committee, county government, relevant departments, to leaders at all levels of enterprises, institutions, townships, villages and the general public, unite and cooperate, work together, strictly do a good job in water environment protection, strengthen responsibility implementation, and increase control efforts. Adopt regional or segmented supervision methods to earnestly carry out water resources and water environment protection. No unit (village) or individuals will be allowed to pollute water resources due to engineering construction, so as to ensure that various engineering construction areas such as roads, houses, terraced fields, construction personnel living areas, village farmers' living areas, etc., to ensure that garbage is classified and treated, sewage discharge meets standards, ensure that water resources are pollution-free, water resources are safe, and water quality, and create a beautiful environment where humans and natural ecology live in harmony.
△Beautiful scenery of the watershed section of the source of the Honghe River in Jinping County.
△The winter scenery of Tengtiao River in Jinping County. Huang Zeguang/photo:
△The beautiful winter scenery of the Jinping River passing through the Jinping County. Huang Zeguang/photo
. Use water scientifically for the people, and the people are happy and healthy
The ultimate goal of making good use of water resources is to serve the people and let the people share water resources. There are many rivers in the area of Jinping County and extremely rich in water energy resources.It is reported that there are 15 rivers over 10 kilometers and 24 rivers over 2 kilometers in the county. Among them, there are 13 rivers with a water collection area of more than 100 square kilometers and 1 river with a water collection area of 64 square kilometers. Taking the watershed of the national nature reserve in the north of the county town as the boundary, the rivers in the county are divided into two major water systems: Honghe and Guangshaojiang.
Honghe is the natural county boundary with Gejiu City and Hekou Yao Autonomous County in the north and northeast of Jinping. The rivers in the watershed in Jinping County, Adebo, Dazhai, Mengqiao and Ma'andi on the northern slope of Wutai Mountain, flow into the Honghe River endlessly, which adds strength and momentum to the Honghe River here. Among these rivers, the main ones are Mazi River, Dazhai River, Xinqiao River, Naboyu River and Longbo River, with the flow lengths ranging from 25 kilometers to 40 kilometers. They originate from the watershed and the primeval forest on Mount Wutai respectively. The flowing water continues for years, the clear and sweet water has excellent quality, and the flow rate varies according to seasons.
△Beautiful scenery of Wutai Mountain section, the source of the Honghe water in Jinping County.
博 River is the main river of the Qiang River system in Jinping County. It originates from Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture , Honghe County, flows into Jinping through Yuanyang County, and runs across the central part of Jinping, flows through five districts of Laomeng, Laojizhai, Yingpan, Tongchang and Mengla in Jinping County, and finally flows into Vietnam from Nafa. The flow in Jinping County is 66 kilometers long and the runoff area is 909.5 square kilometers.
△The beautiful scenery of the Tengshao River in Jinping County. Huang Zeguang/photo
Yongping River is the main tributary of the Jinping River. It originates in the primeval forest between Yongping Mountain and Hetou Mountain in the eastern part of Jinping County. The total length of the river is about 10 kilometers. The maximum width of the roadbed along the river is more than 10 meters, and the minimum width is several meters. The flowing water continues for years, clear and clear, and the flow changes according to the season.
△Beautiful scenery of Yongping River in Jinhe Town. Huang Zeguang/photo
There are natural scenic waterfalls and tourist attractions in Jinping County, namely Ma'andi Waterfall, Yongping Waterfall, and Mengla Hot Spring and other important water resources.
△The beautiful scenery of Masandu Shuishi Rock Waterfall, this is the largest waterfall in the county and the first built water tourist attraction in the county. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△The beautiful scenery of Yongping Waterfall. Huang Zeguang/photo:
△Mengla Hot Springs is the largest natural hot spring in the county and the first hot spring tourist attraction built in the county. Huang Zeguang/photo
There are many reservoirs in Jinping County, such as Malutang Reservoir, Xingfu Reservoir, Huangjin Reservoir and other important water resources.
△The beautiful scenery of Malutang Reservoir is the largest reservoir in the county and the main source of daily water for the people in the county. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△The beautiful scenery of happy reservoir. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△The beautiful scenery of the golden reservoir. Huang Zeguang/photo:
△Shizhudipan Village water source. Huang Zeguang/photo
The Jinping County Government and relevant departments have long-term plans for all important water resources such as rivers, waterfalls, hot springs, reservoirs, etc. in the county. No unit or individual is allowed to illegally develop and utilize water resources, and scientifically and rationally use water resources to better play the role of water resources. For example, the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects along each river, waterfall and hot spring scenic spots to build tourist attractions, reservoir construction, etc. are strictly implemented in accordance with relevant management regulations, so as to truly achieve the purpose of national water resources serving the general public, and allow the general public to feel a sense of happiness and security.
At the same time, water quality monitoring is carried out for various mountain spring stream sources such as village farmers' living areas, agricultural production and construction areas, and all water quality can only be used after meeting the relevant national standards. For example, the area is divided by region, and the method of unified water resources management is adopted, and the focus is on investment, planning water diversion lines and building reservoirs for schools, townships and villages, creating convenient conditions for the people's lives and production water. In particular, the traditional habit of village farmers in randomly diversion and use water without water quality monitoring (including farmers' domestic water, aquaculture water, production and construction water, etc.) is broken, and high-quality water is provided to the people to ensure the safety and health of people's lives.
△ Jinping County No. 1 Middle School drinking water pool. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△Baimahe Village drinking pool. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△Xiaoxinzhai drinking pool. Huang Zeguang/photographed
△Xinqiao Village drinking pool. Huang Zeguang/photo
. There are many stories of human and water coexistence, and the strange water on the plateau is amazing.
. Jinping County is located in a special mountainous and ridge area along the Sino-Vietnam border. There is a Sino-Vietnam border river and a Sino-Vietnam Friendship Bridge built on the river (a new highway bridge built on the Sino-Vietnam border river after the end of the Sino-Vietnam Self-Defense Counterattack in 1979), and a national first-class port, so Jinping County is called a "border barrier." In addition, the county has many ethnic groups such as Hani, Dai and , and the people's languages and living customs are different. Therefore, there are many strange and interesting stories closely related to water.
is the origin of Tengtiaojiang. Due to the peaks and peaks on both sides of the Tengtiao River Basin in the Jinping County area, the forests and grasses have been dense in history and traffic is blocked. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, people of all ethnic groups living here used the abundant rattans on both sides of the Taiwan Strait to build bridges to communicate with business. "Newly compiled Yunnan Tongzhi" records that "there were both bridges with rattans, so they were also known as rattan rivers."
南海江海江海江海江海江海江海江海江海江海江海海江海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海海� The annual average flow of Tengzhaojiang River is 203 cubic meters per second, and the maximum peak flow of 1850 cubic meters per second. The total resource of the Qizhao River in the territory is 4.11117 billion cubic meters, the theoretical reservoir of hydropower resources reaches 1.226 million kilowatts, and 380,000 kilowatts can be developed, of which 68,000 kilowatts can be developed.
△The beautiful scenery of the rattan river. Huang Zeguang/photo
2 is the origin of the Jinping River. The Jinping River originates from the watershed of the national nature reserve. It flows southwest and flows westward, injects the main stream into the west of the Jinping County. It has a total length of about 44 kilometers and a basin area of 246 square kilometers. The average annual flow rate is 14.1 cubic meters per second. The natural drop is 1816 meters. Yongping River and Baima River are the main tributaries of the Jinping River. The Jinping River channel contains a large amount of gold, hence the name.
△Beautiful scenery of Jinping River. Huang Zeguang/photo
3 is the origin of Baima River. The Baima River originates from the mountainous area in the eastern part of Jinping County and is a major tributary of Jinping River, with a total length of about 10 kilometers. According to legend, in ancient times, villagers passed by the river and saw a white horse drinking water in the river. However, as soon as they approached the white horse drinking water, they watched again, and the white horse was missing, so it was named.
△Beautiful scenery of Baima River. Huang Zeguang/photo
4 is the origin of Malutang Reservoir. Malutang Reservoir is located in the primeval forest about 6 kilometers from the county town in the east of Jinping County. It is one of the important reservoirs in Jinping County. According to legend, in ancient times, people from nearby mountain villages saw wild animals such as red deer and often drank water in ponds, so they were named. Nowadays, after people's high attention, strict management and renovation and expansion, the small pond that was naturally produced in the past has become a large reservoir today and has become the main source of daily water for the people of surrounding villages and Jinping County.
△ Beautiful scenery of Malutang Reservoir. Huang Zeguang/photo
5 is the origin of the Golden Dragon Cave. Jinlong Cave is located under Provincial Highway 212, 1 km from the village in the northwest of Dabaozhai. Up to now, only someone has taken a torch or flashlight into the cave to investigate, but no one has come to an end. No one can provide accurate data on its length, width and water storage capacity.
The Golden Dragon Cave not only flows water for many years, but also stores gold in the cave, hence the name. Since ancient times, Jinlong Cave has been flowing continuously for many years, and the flow changes according to seasons. The water flowing out is the main domestic water resource for the people of nearby villages and is also an important water resource for the local people of all ethnic groups to irrigate terraced fields, crops on the ground, etc. It is reported that some local people plan to build the Jinlong Cave Area into a new tourist attraction.
△The water flows in the golden dragon cave in winter. Huang Zeguang/photo
6 is because of the reason why I picked clear water on the first day of the Lunar New Year. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, the young men and women of Hani families are one of the important customs activities for the Hani people to celebrate the Spring Festival.
It was just dawn on the morning of the first day of the lunar month. The young men and women in Hani Village were all wearing new clothes and were very happy. They all came to the water source near the village, which was used by the people in their daily life, to pick up water and set off fireworks and firecrackers. After picking up clean water and returning home, first make a basin of water, put charcoal into the clean water and emit a stream of clear smoke, and then wash your face. This is the Hani tribe's meaning of seeking cleanliness and getting rid of filth. However, who was the first young man to go to the village to use the water source to pick up clear water that morning, was praised by the whole village as "the most blessed person in the New Year" and became the best candidate for young women to find a partner.
There is also a mass activity. On the first day of the first lunar month, all Hani villages in Jinping County will build a sacrifice hall and hold a grand Dragon Festival "Sacrifice to Dragon Tree". Nagarjuna is an important place where the Hani tribe does not allow anyone to invade. Sacrifice to Nagarjuna is one of the highest-level folk activities in Hani tribe society. On the Dragon Sacrifice Day, the village owner is hosted by the "Dragon Head". Participants implement a division of labor responsibility system. Some people carry water, some people carry rice, and some people carry firewood... Each family sends at least one man to participate in the Dragon Sacrifice Day event. The location is a forest planted by the people of the village above the village, surrounded by stones and other forests.
During the Hani clan Dragon Festival, all the water used must be new water picked from the water source of the whole village that day. During the event, pigs must be killed (the pork is left for every family in the village, and the part is left for long banquets). At the same time, chickens must be killed, etc., prepare a variety of meat foods, and hold a long banquet in the woods to ensure that the delicious food is complete, and those participating in the event will have a dinner and drink. Today, the Hani people's long street banquet evolved from the long street banquet in the woods of the Dragon Festival. During this period, people sang Hani folk songs, wine songs, , bless each other, sang and danced, to show that they wish the whole village a bumper harvest, all the best, success, and happiness!
At the same time, the annual Dragon Sacrifice Festival for all the villagers is another mobilization meeting for the Hani people to unite and help each other, work together, protect mountains and forests, and protect water resources.
In the Hani society, good at farming, building water diversion canals, reclaiming terraces and stairs, planting rice and corn, being loyal and honest, being strong and brave are the criteria for girls to choose their partners.
△Hani people hold long street banquet grand scene. Huang Zeguang/photo
7 is the reason for the Dai Water Splashing Festival. There are many festivals in the Dai people, and the Water Splashing Festival is the grandest. Water Splashing Festival is the New Year of the Buddhist calendar, which belongs to the first year of Hinayana Buddhism. It is a traditional festival for the Dai people in Jinping County to send off the old and welcome the new. The Water Splashing Festival is held in June of the Buddhist calendar, that is, mid-April of the Gregorian calendar. The festival lasts 3 to 5 days. The first two days are to send off the old and the last day is to welcome the new. During the festival, there are activities such as "losing bags", dragon boat racing, , and high-end promotion. On the last day, people splashed water on each other regardless of gender, age and blessing each other!
In the Dai society, good at farming, rowing, fishing, playing and singing, loyalty and courage are the criteria for girls to choose their partners, and girls who are good at textiles and good at singing and dancing are the objects pursued by the young men.
△Dai Water Splashing Festival grand scene. Huang Zeguang/photo
, conclusion
Water is an indispensable resource for human beings and all things in the world to survive and develop. There are natural "water" porters in water-deficient and arid desert areas, while the water-rich and flowing Jinping County has natural "water" guardians.
Although Jinping County is located in the southwestern border area of the motherland with abundant water resources with "how high the mountains are, how high the water is", in order to better survive and develop, people of all ethnic groups in the county protect water resources like protecting their own lives, develop and utilize water resources in accordance with the law, jointly create a happier and better life, create a beautiful environment for harmonious coexistence between man and natural ecology, and play an important role in the great project of building a beautiful Jinping, building a beautiful Red River, building a beautiful Yunnan, and building a beautiful China.
【To be continued】
