July 1, 2022, is the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. In the 25 years since its return to the motherland, Hong Kong has experienced countless splendid moments and ups and downs.

July 1, 2022, is the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. In the 25 years since its return to the motherland, Hong Kong has experienced countless splendid moments and ups and downs. In the arms of motherland, the Oriental Pearl always shines brightly.

1997 is a year of special commemoration. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong returned to the embrace of the motherland after a century of vicissitudes, and the Chinese government began to resume the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong. The return of Hong Kong marks an important step towards the reunification of the motherland.

The whole country celebrated the return of Hong Kong. This year, Hong Kong returned to China, which narrowed the distance between Hong Kong and the mainland. Many cities in the mainland named a certain road "Hong Kong Road" to commemorate it. Qingdao's Zhanliu Trunk Road and Zhanshan Avenue were renamed Hong Kong West respectively. Road, Hong Kong Middle Road and Hong Kong East Road.

On May 4, 1997, "Notice of Qingdao Municipal People's Government Regarding the Naming and Renaming of Some Roads in the Urban Area"

Hong Kong West Road: the original Zhanshan Road was renamed. It starts from Wendeng Road in the west and ends at Yan'an 3rd Road in the east.

Hong Kong Middle Road: The west section of the original Zhanliu Gan Road was renamed. It starts from Yan'an 3rd Road in the west and joins Hong Kong West Road at the same starting point. It goes east from the Xinjiazhuang gas station and along the original Kaohsiung Road to the intersection of Zhanliu Main Road and Maidao.

Hong Kong East Road: The original Laoshan Hi-Tech Industrial Park section of Zhanliu Gan Road was renamed. It starts from the intersection of the original Kaohsiung Road, Zhanliu Trunk Road and Maidao Road in the west to Hong Kong Middle Road, and ends at the boundary between Laoshan High-tech Industrial Park and Shilaoren Tourist Resort in the east.

Time flies, and 25 years have passed in the blink of an eye. Hong Kong Road, a special landmark that records the return of China, was one of the earliest roads built during the German occupation of Qingdao. After more than a century of ups and downs, it has witnessed the rapid development of Qingdao's city. Today, like an extended ribbon, it shows people a prosperous and charming attitude.

Today I am re-editing an old article by Teacher Qiu Ruojun to reveal the past and present life of Hong Kong Road in Qingdao.

Hong Kong West Road is located in Shinan District, starting from Wendeng Road in the west and Yan'an 3rd Road in the east; parallel to Liandao Road in the north and Donghai West Road in the south; and Taipingjiao 3rd Road, Taipingjiao 4th Road, Taipingjiao 6th Road and Donghai 1st Road. , Xinzhan Second Road and many other roads intersect. Hong Kong West Road was originally called Zhanshan Road. It was built during the German occupation period and was a shapeless dirt road. According to records: "Zhanshan Road starts from Dazhanshan Village in the east and ends at No. 1 Park (today's Zhongshan Park) in the west. At the beginning of its construction, there were already Zhanshan Road is arranged in sequence. This road cannot be named. It was finally named Zhanshan Road. The road width is only 3-5 meters. After completion, only general maintenance will be carried out. As the number of vehicles continued to increase, the original width was no longer sufficient. From August 20 to October 5, 1956, Zhanshan Road was renovated in sections. On May 4, 1997, Zhanshan Road was renamed Hong Kong West Road in accordance with the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Roads in the Urban Area".

Hong Kong Middle Road is located in Shinan District, starting from Dazhanshan Village (today's intersection of Yan'an 3rd Road and Hong Kong West Road) in the west, to the intersection of Ningxia Road and Maidao Road in the east; Minjiang Road in the north, and Donghai West Road and Donghai Middle Road in the south. Parallel to Yancheng Road, Haimen Road, Shandong Road, Nantong Road, Xinpu Road, Nanjing Road, Fuzhou South Road, Zhangzhou Road, Yanerdao Road, Zhuhai 3rd Road, Shantou Road, Quanzhou Road, Chenghai 1st Road, Chenghai 3rd Road , Taiwan Road, Kaohsiung Road, Chiayi Road, Pingdong Road, Changhua Road, Shanhua Road, Tainan Road and other roads intersect. Hong Kong Middle Road was originally the western section of Zhanliu Trunk Road. On May 4, 1997, this section of the road was renamed Hong Kong Middle Road in accordance with the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Urban Roads".

Hong Kong East Road, starting from the intersection of Ningxia Road and Maidao Road in the west to Songling Road in the east; parallel to Haikou Road and Donghai East Road; and Qingda Road, Haiyou Road, Qingda 3rd Road, Haijiang Road, Haichuan Road, Haiqing Road, Hailong Road, Hai'an Road, Haining Road, Haier Road, Qinling Road, Yunling Road and other roads intersect.Hong Kong East Road was originally the middle section of Zhanliu Trunk Road. On May 4, 1997, this section of the road was renamed Hong Kong East Road in accordance with the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Urban Roads".

The intersection of Hong Kong Road and Kaohsiung Road (old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

Kaohsiung Road is located in Shinan District and is named after Kaohsiung City, Taiwan Province. It starts from the Xinjiazhuang gas station (today's intersection of Hong Kong Middle Road and Jiangxi Road) in the southwest to the intersection of Ningxia Road, Hong Kong East Road, and Maidao Road; it intersects with Jinmen Road, Nanping Road, Keelung Road and other roads. The early Kaohsiung Road was not the same road as the current Kaohsiung Road. The original Kaohsiung Road started from the Xinjiazhuang Gas Station (today's intersection of Hong Kong Middle Road and Jiangxi Road) in the west to the intersection of today's Hong Kong East Road, Ningxia Road, and Maidao Road. In order to straighten the road on the east side of Xinjiazhuang on Zhanliu Gan Road, Kaohsiung Road was renamed Hong Kong Middle Road in accordance with the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Urban Roads" on May 4, 1997; Zhanliu Gan Road was renamed Hong Kong Middle Road; The section from Xinjiazhuang Gas Station to Qingdao University was renamed Kaohsiung Road.

The scene in eastern Qingdao before the municipal government moved eastward in 1992 (photo by Wang Qun)

After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC, the eastern part of Qingdao developed rapidly. The population on the eastern seaboard gradually increased, and there was a great need to improve traffic conditions. To this end, Qingdao City has strengthened the construction of road projects in the east. It was constructed by Qingdao Second Municipal Engineering Company. Construction started on July 1, 1985 and was completed on October 10. In 1987, according to the requirements of Qingdao Fifth Middle School , the Municipal Economic Commission Training Center and Damai Island Village, the Qingdao Urban and Rural Development Commission agreed to extend Kaohsiung Road 108 meters eastward to facilitate transportation.

was designed by the Qingdao Municipal Engineering Design Office and constructed by the Qingdao Second Municipal Engineering Company. The project investment was 692,700 yuan. Construction started on January 7, 1987 and was completed on November 30, 1988. The base layer is paved with lime gravel , 15 cm thick (the roadbed fill section is 30 cm thick), and gravel with a diameter of 3-6 cm is paved, with a thickness of 6 cm. Sprinkle 4.5 kilograms of asphalt oil per square meter for disposal, and cover it with medium-grained asphalt concrete, 5 cm thick. The surface layer is paved with fine-grained asphalt concrete, 2 cm thick. drainage pipes were installed, and culverts were built. The total length of the new road is 451 meters, the roadway is 10 meters wide, and the sidewalks on both sides are 4 meters wide. There are 2,970 square meters of asphalt pavement, 3,309 square meters of sidewalk slabs, 1,340 meters of partition walls, and a masonry volume of 1,640 cubic meters.

Laoshan Road is located in the southern part of Laoshan Mountain in Laoshan District and is named after Laoshan Mountain in Qingdao, China. It starts from Songling Road in the west, reaches Liuqing River in the east, and is parallel to the sea on the south side. Laoshan Road was originally the eastern section of Zhanliu Main Road. On May 4, 1997, this section of the road was renamed Laoshan Road in accordance with the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Urban Roads". The total length of the road is about 13.5 kilometers. It is the only access to and from the Laoshan Scenic Area in the southern part of the city. It is also an important landscape axis showing the urban characteristics of Qingdao's "mountain, sea and city are integrated and harmonious coexistence". It is an important part of Laoshan District and Qingdao City. city ​​business card.

In order to improve the living and traffic conditions of residents along the road, solve the traffic bottleneck in and out of Laoshan Scenic Area, and meet the long-term traffic growth demand, in April 2015, the Laoshan District Government planned to widen and reconstruct the remaining sections of Laoshan Road. The starting point of the project is Shazikou Bridge. East, the end point is east of Dahedong Bridge, with a total length of 4.073 kilometers. The road planning is an urban main road and a first-class highway. The main road is designed as two-way four-lane with a design speed of 60 kilometers per hour. There are auxiliary roads on both sides with a design speed of 30 kilometers per hour. The general roadbed width is 37 meters. The road uses asphalt concrete. pavement. The project spans the Xiaohe East Bridge, which is 26 meters long and will be demolished and rebuilt. The Dahe East Bridge is 66 meters long and will be repaired, reinforced and widened.

Hong Kong Middle Road, Hong Kong East Road and Laoshan Road were originally called Zhanliu Main Road. They started from Dazhanshan Village in the west and ended at Liuqing River in the east. They were built in the early 20th century when German occupied Qingdao. The earliest one was a Unnamed sandy dirt road. In the early 1930s, when the Qingdao Public Works Bureau continued to build the section from Shazikou to Liuqing, it was called Zhanliu Trunk Road.It passes through Fushansuo, Damai Island, Shandongtou, Shilaoren, Jianggezhuang, Shazikou and other villages to reach Liuqinghe River, with a total distance of 33 kilometers. From August 20 to October 5, 1956, Zhanliu Main Road was renovated in sections. The western section was from Kangjiazhuang Shandong Road to Dingjiazhuang, with a length of 2,700 meters. It was widened to 7 meters southward according to the original road alignment. The ditches on both sides were dug and rolled with sand. The width of the sand spread was 6 meters, totaling 16,200 square meters. The eastern section, from Dingjiazhuang to Wangjiamai Island, is 3,600 meters long and 3.5 meters wide. Both side ditches were dug and sanded, and 5 avoidance lanes were added.

Old photos of Damai Island Village

At that time, Zhanliu Trunk Road ran through Damai Island Village. The road was narrow and winding, and traffic accidents often occurred. The dust is flying in the dry weather, and the roads are muddy in the rainy season, making passers-by miserable. In 1967, the Qingdao Municipal Government Highway Station invested nearly 30,000 yuan to move this road through streets and alleys outside the village. After the construction, the width of the roadbed reached 7.5 meters and the length was 1,830 meters (currently, the road is a market path in the village). Later, the road was surrounded by newly built residences in the village, and vehicles on the road began to travel in the village again. From October 22 to December 8, 1970, the 1,800-meter-long sandy soil pavement in the eastern section of Zhanliu Trunk Road was converted into an asphalt pavement, covering an area of ​​13,686 square meters. The renovated route still has many twists and turns, and the road surface is narrow, with an average width of only 8 meters. Most of them are sandy roads, making it difficult to adapt to the growing needs of traffic flow.

In 1986, the intersection of Shandong Road and Zhanliu Trunk Road (old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

In 1976, the Qingdao Municipal Revolutionary Committee invested 2.34 million yuan in a major widening and reconstruction of Zhanliu Trunk Road, from Yan'an 3rd Road to the Second Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region. A section of old asphalt pavement with a length of 960 meters and a width of 13 meters was widened into a 20-meter-wide asphalt concrete pavement; a section of 2,600 meters long from the Second Sanatorium of Jinan Military Region to Dingjiazhuang was cut and straightened, and was made of sand and gravel with a width of 8-10 meters. The road was converted into an asphalt concrete pavement with a width of 20 meters. In 1983, the section of the original Kaohsiung Road Fushan Dyeing Factory was widened to a width of 20 meters for the vehicle road and 5 meters for the sidewalks. In 1984, the Zhanliu Trunk Road from Shandong Road to the original Kaohsiung Road was renovated and asphalt paved. In 1987, the road was renovated with a total length of 200 meters and a width of 20 meters. It was paved with asphalt pavement, with 495 meters of trenches and stone edges each, and 141 cubic meters of slurry treatment. The investment was 222,980.12 yuan.

In 1988, the Qingdao Municipal Government implemented the strategy of developing the eastern part and vigorously developed Laoshan tourism. Once again, the Zhanliu trunk road was moved out of the village, and the nearly 8-kilometer roadbed from Qingdao University to Shilaoren Village was widened to 40 meters, with a length of 6,578 meters. The total investment Reaching 11.65 million yuan. In 1990, the Qingdao Municipal Government invested another 19.0092 million yuan to implement an asphalt paving project on the 7.32-kilometer road from Qingdao University to Shilaoren Village. On May 4, 1997, according to the "Notice of the Qingdao Municipal People's Government on the Naming and Renaming of Some Roads in the Urban Area", Zhanliu Trunk Road was renamed Hong Kong Middle Road, Hong Kong East Road, and Laoshan Road.

What came into view when walking from west to east on Zhanshan Road was Badaguan. Badaguan is the scenic spot that best embodies the characteristics of Qingdao's "red tiles, green trees, blue sea and blue sky". It is located in the north of Huiqian (today's Huiquan) . The so-called "Eight Passes" is because there are eight roads here (now increased to ten), and they are named after the eight passes. It consists of Jiayuguan Road, Wushengguan Road, Shanhaiguan Road, Shaoguan Road, Hanguguan Road, Zhengyangguan Road, Linhuaiguan Road, Ningwuguan Road, Juyongguan Road, and Zijingguan Road. These roads are crisscrossed Interlaced (now ten), forming a scenic area several miles in radius. The characteristic of Badaguan is that it combines parks and courtyards. The ten roads are lined with lush trees and flowers blooming in all seasons.

No. 42 Zhanshan Road was once a Qingdao Soda Drink Factory, and is now No. 25 Hong Kong West Road. In the 23rd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1897), the foothills of Taiping Mountain in the ancient Shandong Peninsula was still a scene of undulating mountains and towering ancient trees. When the German businessman Ma Ya was hunting here, he discovered a clear spring in the embrace of several ancient trees. Several small hedgehogs gathered near the spring to drink water. He leaned over to taste it and felt refreshing and sweet.In the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1903), German businessman Ludwig dug a well here and found high-quality mineral water resources from the deep underground granite gaps. From then on, Qingdao's first mineral water brand in China was born.

The factory production of Laoshan mineral water began in the early 1930s, and the earliest name was 'ALCA Healthy Water'. At that time, the label with the pattern of "Laoshan" was printed on the bottle. It was the peak opposite Huayan Temple in Laoshan, with a small stream flowing down the rock cracks in the middle. This trademark is still in use today. This is the earliest manifestation of the ‘water source’ awareness of Laoshan mineral water. Although the "first well" of Taiping Mountain is not in Laoshan, tracing back to its origin, it is also the remnant of Laoshan. Laoshan Mountain covers an area of ​​446 square kilometers, and the entire urban area of ​​Qingdao is covered by other veins, extending to Huangdao .

Wall advertisement in the public-private Qingdao Laoshan Soda Factory, No. 42, Zhanshan Road. (Old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

Most Qingdao people’s recognition of ‘Laoshan Water’ began with the new products of the Qingdao Soda Drink Factory – soda in the 23rd year of the Republic of China (1934 AD) and Coke in 1952. In the 1930s, the Qingdao Soda Drink Factory became one of the Coca-Cola Company's two bottling plants in China, the other one being in Shanghai. When Coca-Cola withdrew after liberation, in the early 1950s, the state organized scientific researchers to develop China's first carbonated drink - Laoshan Cola. In 1952, the soda factory began to produce Laoshan Cola, joining the Wu Zao , Angelica dahurica , Clove , galangal and other 11 Chinese herbal ingredients, it is the first generation of cola-type drinks in China.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao Laoshan Soda Co., Ltd. was nationalized and renamed the state-owned Qingdao Soda Factory. In 1997, Laoshan Cola ceased production due to losses and was acquired by Coca-Cola. Just a few months ago, this national brand Coke, which had been discontinued for nearly 10 years, had just resumed production. It still had the same bright red bottle, vaguely revealing its origins with Coca-Cola. The Laoshan Mineral Water Factory moved its base to The real Laoshan Mountain, the water source is located at the Yangkou of Laoshan Mountain. It took Chinese and French experts three years of exploration to create the villas. Now the villas have risen from the ground, finally 'occupying' this most beautiful area in Qingdao, replacing this factory.

A yellow German-style two-story building along the street stands alone among the villas. It is marked on the wall: "The former site of the soda water factory office building was built in 1905. The German-style building was originally built and operated by German merchant The original building area of ​​the mineral water factory was about 220 square meters. I remember that the very distinctive small glass bottles left many unforgettable memories for the children who grew up in the 1960s, 1970s and early 1980s.

In that era, in that era of families with many children, brothers and sisters drank a bottle of Laoshan soda produced by Qingdao Soda Drink Factory. The joy and sweetness are incomprehensible to today's children. Later, they would sweat profusely every summer. When you are thirsty, you go to a nearby shop to buy a bottle and drink it in one gulp as quickly as possible. The pleasant feeling is indescribable now. Now when I look at the various drinks sold in the supermarket, I think of this small glass from back then. Looking at the coffee-colored liquid in the bottle, looking at this place that has completely changed, and thinking about its past scene, I feel a special feeling in my heart, as if the jingling sound of the soda bottle is in my ears, and the scene of fighting for soda drinks in my childhood is there. In front of me, I can still feel the feeling of having my clothes wet by the soda, the laughter, the sweet laughter, but it is a pity that the Qingdao Soda Factory is no longer there.

To the south of the Qingdao Soda Factory is Taipingjiao, which was called "Mung Bean Island" in ancient times. , connected with the land to form a peninsula in the late Qing Dynasty, Qingdao was successively occupied by German and Japanese imperialists and suffered the trauma of war. After the Beiyang Government of the Republic of China took back Qingdao in the 11th year of the Republic of China (1922 AD), it was repeatedly attacked by foreign powers. The humiliated Qingdao hoped for peace from now on, so it named a number of places named "Taiping", such as Taiping Road , Taiping Mountain, Taiping Bay, Taiping Cape, etc. Therefore, the headland was named Taiping Cape. Taiping Cape is divided into mainland. There are two parts: domain and cape.The land area is composed of Zhanshan 1st Road to Zhanshan 5th Road running from southwest to northeast, and Taipingjiao 1st Road to Taipingjiao 6th Road running from northwest to southeast, with a total of more than 10 streets. It is famous for its unique buildings. Walking there, you will feel leisurely and elegant, as if you are in a dream. The cape is surrounded by sea on three sides in the east, south and west, with a coast of about 2.5 kilometers.

"Taiping fishing" in the early 1940s, and in 1939 it was one of the "24 scenic spots in urban and rural areas of Qingdao.

Taiping Cape

Taiping Cape is divided into 5 small promontories and 5 small bays. There are wedge-shaped reefs at the junction of the promontories. Forming a series of beaches, there are blue reefs that are rare elsewhere. This corner is suitable for fish, so it is an excellent place for fishing. Standing on the reef, visitors will feel like "The End of the World". The promontory has clusters of rocks, which are suitable for fish to inhabit, so it is both a 'fish paradise' and a 'fisherman's paradise'. Many fishing enthusiasts fish here every day. The Fourth Park was moved from Zhongshan Road to Taipingjiao 1st Road. There is a large garden at No. 1 Taipingjiao 1st Road. In the north is a Spanish-style two-story building with a pair of stone lions lying in front of the building. There are many stone lions in various parts of our country, but this one. The stone lion is a European lion, which is very rare in our country. In 1951, Marshal Zhu De came to Qingdao to inspect the navy and lived here again. In 1957, he came to Qingdao for the second time and lived here again, so people called this small building 'Zhu De's Villa'. Front Street of Zhanshan Village (photo courtesy: Guo Lei)

To the east is the end of Zhanshan Road. There is a village here called Dazhanshan Village. Dazhanshan Village was called Zhanshan Village in ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Guanshan Village, Germany. When Qingdao was occupied, Zhanshan was renamed Zhanshan, and Zhanshan Village was renamed Dazhanshan Village. Zhanshan was originally the place where Fushan Beiyu Qianhu was beheaded, so it was named Zhanshan. Dazhanshan Village is located at the southern foot of Zhanshan Mountain, close to Qianhai Bay and adjacent to Taiping in the west. Corner, east of Fushansuo. After liberation, the country expropriated part of the land around the village, and successively built textile, federation, air force, navy and army sanatoriums. In the 1900s, the then-leading Haitian Hotel was built in the south of the village. The ancient Dazhanshan Village has gone through ups and downs for more than 460 years and has experienced the vicissitudes of history. The land of the current Dazhanshan Village. All of them were requisitioned by the state, and all the residents had urban household registration. The houses of more than 1,800 households looked overcrowded, like a weathered old man struggling to cope with a heavy burden. The new community was renovated and built in 1995, allowing the old villagers to live in a more picturesque, spacious and comfortable home environment. But the flat vegetable garden, the peach grove with colorful flowers, the warm and simple courtyard house and the old village full of family affection, nostalgia, human kindness and the hard work of the ancestors are unforgettable for the living people who still remember it.

Aerial view of Dazhan Mountain Village in the 1980s (photography by Sun Lizhi)

Zhanshan Hotel in 1990 (old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

To the south of Zhanshan is the Fourth Bathing Beach, also known as Zhanshan Beach. It was expanded in 1934 and has been idle for many years. I remember standing in Zhanshan in 1990. You can see the sea from the intersection of Liugan Road and Yan'an 3rd Road. The shore is covered with pebbles. Nowadays, high-rise buildings have been built, and the sea is no longer visible from the intersection. At the intersection of Zhanshan Road and Yan'an 3rd Road is the Zhanshan Hotel, with different floors. It's tall, but it was the tallest building in Zhanshan at the time. It was later demolished and built into a high-rise building.

Old photos of Zhanshan Primary School

After passing Dazhanshan Village, there is Zhanliu Main Road. At the intersection is Zhanshan Primary School, Qingdao Public School. It is a Chinese-style building with a long history. The building with eaves on both sides of the middle arch was built before liberation. The recorded date is The school was expanded in the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927 AD) and the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940 AD). Today, the only remaining old school building is the "Qingdao Zhanshan Primary School" written directly above the gate. Although the paint is mottled, But it can still be clearly distinguished. The school is surrounded by densely packed small trees. This old house is incompatible with the high-rise buildings. Small trees are used to cover up the appearance. There is a gravel road leading to the courtyard. The ground in the courtyard is It is also full of uneven sand and gravel. With the development of the times and the changes of the years, this old house has returned to silence and silence. The schoolchildren who laughed and played in the past have now become middle-aged and elderly people. Zhanshan Primary School, which has trained several generations, has long been After withdrawing from the stage of history, the fate of this typical northern courtyard-style building has become the focus of attention again.

Old video of Zhanshan Primary School

Since the early 1980s, with the shift of the focus of urban construction to the east, there are not many memorial things left in the east. There are now only a few buildings that can record the history of the development of the east. It belongs to Zhanshan Primary School. I sincerely hope that the relevant departments at all levels in Qingdao can protect this old house and repair it as it is before. It will leave a memory for people and the students of this school, and let the current students I know what my ancestors’ schools were like back then.

Historical photos of Fushansuo

To the east of Zhanshan is Fushansuo Village. According to historical records, In the late Yuan Dynasty , the government was corrupt and the border defenses were in disrepair. In particular, the Shandong Peninsula became the target of repeated invasions by Japanese pirates. After Emperor Hongwu Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, he immediately began to discuss anti-Japanese measures along the coast of the country. In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1368), he issued an edict to establish a military establishment of health centers and military establishments in counties and counties across the country. Fushan Institute was built in the 31st year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1398) and completed in the 4th year of Jianwen in the Ming Dynasty (1402 AD). Named after Fushan, its full name is Fushan Beiyu Qianhusuo, and its abbreviation is Fushansuo.

According to historical records, Fushan City is slightly rectangular, 422 meters long from north to south, 403 meters wide, with a circumference of about 3 miles, and covers an area of ​​18 hectares. Fushan has set up one member of the palm seal of a thousand households (the fifth rank), one member of the Qian Shu family (the fifth rank), one member of the leader of one hundred households (the sixth rank), and there are also military officials such as Zhen Fu (the sixth rank). There are 56 remaining troops guarding the city and 45 remaining troops guarding Dunbao. They have jurisdiction over four military villages: Loushan, Jinjialing, Yujiazhuang, and Zhangjiazhai; Fushansuo, Gejiatun, Zhaojiatun, and Renjiatun , Lijiatun and other 25 military villages; as well as Maidao, Cuobuling, Shuangshan, Loushan, Tashan, Wengyao, Zhuanshantou, Goutashan, Taolin, Zhongcun, Dongcheng, Zhangjiazhuang, Chengjiazhuang, cheng There are eighteen forts in Yang, Nugu, Gushan, Hongshi and Zhanshan.

Its defense area ranges from: east to Jinjialing Village, Zhonghan Town, Laoshan District, northeast to Yujixiahe Village, Licun Town, Licang District, north to the junction of Chengyang Town and Jimo County, Chengyang District, northwest to the west of Shangma Town, Chengyang District It borders Zhanggezhuang in the west, Jiaozhou Bay in the west, Hongshiya Town in Huangdao District on the west coast, and Huanghai Sea in the south. The land area to be defended is 450 square kilometers, including the entire southern area of ​​​​Shibei District, Shibei District, Licang District, and Chengyang District, Laoshan District, Jimo City and Jiaonan City. The coastline is 130 kilometers long and it was an important border defense town in Qingdao at that time. After the establishment of Fushan Institute, 13 military attaches from all over the country were mobilized to Fushan Institute to join the military and established water and land garrisons. Among them, 9 generals, including Jiao and Kang, are members of the fifth-rank thousand households, and 4 captains are the sixth-rank hundred households. Whether they are the fifth-rank thousand households or the sixth-rank hundred households, they have been inherited from generation to generation. This is what the local residents have passed down. The theory of the Thirteen Households in Fushan. To this day, many old people can recite the lyrics of Jiao, Kang, Mao, Yang; Su, Yu, Wang, Wang; Ding, Zhan, Ge, Hou; plus a piece of surname lyrics.

Old shadow of Fushan Institute

The original site of Fushan Institute is in the rectangle enclosed by today's Hong Kong Middle Road to the north, Nanjing Road to the west, Jiangxi Road to the south and Shandong Road to the east. The east city wall is located on Nanjing Road, and the east gate is located in the north of the east city wall; the north city wall is located on Jiangxi Road, and the north gate is located in the center of the north city wall; the west city wall is located on Shandong Road, and the west gate is located in the south of the west city wall. There is a beach outside the south city wall, but there is no south Door. When Xuzhou Road was being built in the 1920s, it was discovered that there was a city gate under the dilapidated south city wall, which was made of blue bricks. This confirmed that there were four city gates at the time when Fushan was built, which also means that Fushan is accessible by four gates. In the twelfth year of the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1734), Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty issued an imperial edict to abolish the guard posts, military villages, military villages, and piers. Defended by it. The young sergeants who were originally stationed withdrew, while the old sergeants stayed in Fushansuo. Their families also thrived in Fushansuo. From then on, Fushan prepared thousands of households and became known as Fushansuo Village. In the Qing Dynasty, the Jiaozhou Naval Battalion also set up flood prevention in Fushansuo. According to statistics in the 11th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1873), Fushansuo's village had 159 households and 684 people.

When Fushan City was first built, in order to mobilize troops, cross streets were opened in the city, located on today's Xuzhou Road and Minjiang Road. Yamaso Castle is divided into four residential areas according to the direction of the cross streets. The streets are crisscrossed and there are alleys in the streets, forming a checkerboard-shaped street. There are also stones for mounting horses and tying horses in every street and alley. The northeast area of ​​Cross Street is the residential area for residents with the surnames Jiao, Kang, and Liu; the northwest area is the residential area for residents with the surnames Zhan, Sun, etc.; the southwest is the residential area for residents with the surnames Yu, Wang, etc.; and the southeast is the residential area for the surnames Su and Dai. , Zhang and other residential areas. The buildings in the city are neatly planned, there are many temples and temples, the markets are prosperous, people are talking and horses are neighing, and it looks like a maritime market town.

Old Shadow of Fushan Institute

After the establishment of Fushan Institute at that time, temples were built in accordance with the regulations of the imperial court on the guards and institutes at that time. The Jade Emperor Temple, Buddha Temple, Sanqing Temple, Zhenwu Temple, Nange Temple, Chenghuang Temple were built successively. , Dragon King Temple, Guandi Temple , Wuliang Temple, Inverted Temple, Horse Goddess Temple, Sheji Altar, Banner Temple, Guanyin Temple, etc. According to the "Schematic Layout of Fushan City in the Ming Dynasty", the location of various temples in the city at that time is clearly marked in the map. Along the north-south cross street there are Nange Temple, Chenghuang Temple and reverse temple . There is also a beamless temple beside the east-west cross street. The other temples are all concentrated in the northwest temple group and the northeast temple group in the city. .

The original Fushansuo Primary School, which was renamed as Hong Kong Road Primary School

, is located in the northwest corner of Fushansuo City. It covers an area of ​​about three acres and has a large scale of construction. There are three temples on the north side of the courtyard, the Jade Emperor Temple in the middle, the Sanqing Temple to the west, and the Buddha Temple to the east. From the east boundary of the Sanqing Temple, you only need to take two steps across the entrance of the Jade Emperor Temple to reach the Buddha Temple. These three temples are called the "Three Temples in Two Steps" and are a unique landscape famous for Fushan. There is also a Zhenwu Temple in the courtyard, which is the birthplace of the Xiangyou Fruit Club.

In the early days of the Fushan Institute, local military households would go to the capital to kowtow to the emperor every Spring Festival, and they would usually return on the thirteenth day of the first lunar month. Therefore, local residents held a grand ceremony here on the 13th day of the first lunar month and gradually formed the custom of Fushan Temple Fair on the 13th day of the first lunar month. It is also one of the earliest temple fairs in Qingdao urban area. In the first year of Hongxi's reign in the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongxi Zhu Gaochi issued an imperial edict. The Zhenwu Temple of the local guards and offices set up a tablet for our emperor, long live, long live, long live. During the Chinese New Year, the elderly over 60 years old can kowtow in front of this tablet, and there is no need to go back and forth. The capital city kowtows to pay New Year greetings. In 1954, the statue of Zhenwu Temple was destroyed. In 1968, the northwest temple complex was transformed into Fushan Primary School. In May 2000, the old village was renovated, and Fushansu Primary School was demolished and rebuilt, and its name was changed to Hong Kong Road Primary School. Today, there are only two ginkgo trees in the northwest temple complex that are more than 600 years old and are still flourishing. The Northeast Temple, also known as the Horse Temple, is a temple that combines Taoism and Buddhism, which is relatively rare in the area.

The old shadow of Fushansuo

The Nange Temple is a relatively grand building in the ancient city of Fushansuo. It is also a temple complex that combines Buddhism and Taoism. It is located in the center of the south side of the south city wall at the southern end of North-South Street (today's No. 1 Xuzhou Road Qingdao Center Holiday (On the slope directly north of the hotel ), it is built on the northern half of a platform about 7 meters high, 20 meters long from east to west, and 10 meters wide from north to south. Because it is located in the south of Fushansuo and looks like a pavilion, it is named Nange Temple. . At that time, Nange Temple was dedicated to Emperor Zhenwu, and the incense was very popular. There was an endless stream of believers who came to offer incense and seek blessings. When the temple was built, there was a ginkgo tree on both sides of the north side of the temple. The one on the right died during the Qing Dynasty. The ginkgo tree on the left is now simple and vigorous. It is the oldest ginkgo tree in Qingdao urban area.

The statue in Nange Temple was destroyed in 1954. When Xuzhou Road was built in 1978, Nange Temple was demolished, leaving only the ancient ginkgo tree. In the 1980s, the relevant departments of Qingdao City set up a sign on this ancient ginkgo tree, which read: 'Old and Valuable Trees, First Class Number 01'. There are dead branches on the ginkgo tree today, which were caused by Japanese artillery bombing during the Japanese-German War. They are historical traces left by World War I and wars in Asia. It was once a landmark of Qingdao City and a great place for navigation. , Aviation points the way. For hundreds of years, this ginkgo tree has maintained its luxuriant branches and leaves, witnessing the vicissitudes of history.

Old photos before the demolition of Fushan Temple (taken by netizen "Qingdao Laokai")

City God Temple is in the southeast of the city. According to local residents, this is the only City God Temple in Qingdao urban area, and there are Taoist priests who live there. The statue of this temple was destroyed During the Cultural Revolution, the temple collapsed due to disrepair in the 1970s. The Wuliang Temple is a masterpiece of Fushansuo. It has a brick and wood structure and has doors and no windows. The statue of the Guan Sheng Emperor is enshrined inside. The Wuliang Temple is famous for its lack of beams. Many people came to see it. After seeing it, they realized that it turned out to be two large thin stone slices combined to replace the tiles. It is a pity that Wuliang Temple was demolished in 1954.

The upside-down temple is one of the special temple buildings in Fushan. It got its name from the fact that it faces south instead of the custom of temples facing north and south. A statue of Guanyin is enshrined in the temple. The couplet on the door reads: "Ask the master why he sits upside down, because the world "Refuse to look back", there is no horizontal criticism, this is for the world to figure out for themselves. The temple statue was destroyed in 1954 and demolished in 1978. More temples in Fushansuo were destroyed during the Cultural Revolution or before, and many of them cannot be examined. To the west of Fushan City is the West School Field, which was the place where soldiers and horses were trained by Fushan Preparatory Thousand Houses in the Ming Dynasty. It is currently located at the 401st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, the Qingdao Municipal Party Committee and Government, and the Fuxin Building.

Old photos of Fushan Institute (provided by netizen "Xuanyuan Swordsman")

In January of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938 AD), after Japan invaded Qingdao for the second time, it occupied Fushan Institute. Soon after entering the village, it was in the west school field of Fushan Institute. There are many wooden signs nailed on the land, which read in Chinese that the Japanese Army Land was used to build the Army Hospital here. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Japanese army surrendered and evacuated Qingdao. The Japanese Army Hospital was changed to the National Government Army Hospital of the Republic of China. After liberation, the hospital was taken over by the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and a naval hospital was formed with the Second Depot of the Second Division of the Fourth Field Army Logistics Department as the backbone. From July 20, 1954, it was changed to the 401st Naval Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, and later renamed the 401st Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.

Fushansuo, an ancient city of more than 600 years, has undergone earth-shaking changes in its surroundings with the development of eastern Qingdao and the relocation of municipal government agencies. Fushansuo Village began to renovate the old village in 1999 and built Xinguidu Community. Fushansuo Village now has two village monuments, one is the old village monument under the ginkgo tree of the original Nange Temple (on the slope of today's Xuzhou Road), and the other is in Xingui Among the new village monuments in the community on the west side of the city market, only these two village monuments and the withered yellow ginkgo trees tell people the history of Fushan Bigo Senhusho and Fushanso Village in the wind and rain.

Old photos of Xinjiazhuang (old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

From Fushansuo, follow the Zhanliu trunk road to the east and cross a small Qingshui river. Not far away is Dingjiazhuang to the south and Xinjiazhuang to the north. This is far away The bustling village originally had about 400 households, and their ancestors farmed and went to sea. According to the "Xin Family Genealogy": "From the 31st year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1552 AD) to the 10th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1582 AD), Xin Jiujing and Xin Rongye, descendants of the Xin family, came here from the east of Laoshan Dabu. He settled there and named it after his surname, called Xinjiazhuang'. According to the "Ding Family Genealogy": "Between the sixth year of Qi tomorrow (AD 1626) and the ninth year of Chongzhen (AD 1636), descendants of the Ding clan, Ding Jin and Ding Jinzhang, came to settle here from Fushan and were named after their surnames. It is called Dingjiazhuang. In the 13th year of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1640), the Wang family moved here from Xiaoniwa, Taixi Town.

Xinjiazhuang Old Village Monument

Dingjiazhuang Old Village Monument

Xinjiazhuang Entering the village, there is a three or four-meter-wide stone bridge across the roadside ditch to connect to Zhanliu Main Road. There is a north-south alley in the village extending to On the north slope, there are small shops selling pots (liquor sellers) and tobacco, candy and daily necessities on both sides. The houses face north and south, and are lined up from east to west. At the east end of the village, there is a two-meter-high "Sanguansi Temple" dedicated to Guan Sheng Emperor Guan Yu, King Zhongzhong Guan Ping, and Wei Ling Hui Yong Gong Zhou Cang. They stand on both sides respectively. People often go out before going out. Come here to burn incense and pray for a safe journey. There is a spring beside the stream at the foot of Dongtou Cliff. The water flows continuously all year round and is sweet and delicious. It is the source of drinking water for people in the village. After liberation, Qingdao Workers' Sanatorium was built to the east of Xinjiazhuang Village, and more people passed by in the busy traffic. A few years later, as the population of the village continued to increase, a new housing site was opened at the north end of the village to build houses. A few years later, a greenhouse was erected in the west of the village, and the village had its own farmers' market. The villagers no longer had to go to Fushansuo to go to the market.

Old photos of Xinjiazhuang (photographed by American Steven)

Old photos of Xinjiazhuang (photographed by American Steven)

The demolished Ocean Hotel

In the 1980s, on Xitou Road in Xinjiazhuang First, a tall ocean company building was built in the north, and then new residential buildings were built around the original spring in the northeastern depression of the village. The two villages of Xinjiazhuang and Dingjiazhuang were originally engaged in agriculture and fishing, and later switched to growing vegetables. With the zoning and overall adjustment, and the planning and construction of the city, the two villages merged to form a management entity - Xinjiazhuang Brigade in 1964. . In 1982, the villagers changed from agricultural households to non-agricultural urban residents. From 1984 to 1998, Xinjiazhuang and Dingjiazhuang villages underwent village reconstruction four times. In 2000, the last batch of villagers moved into the buildings, and the two villages entered complete urbanization. As of 2006, there were more than 1,380 households in the two villages, with a population of about 3,800 people. The village covers an area of ​​about 270 acres, making it one of the largest natural villages in Shinan District, Qingdao City.

Yan'erdao Hotel on Zhanliu Gan Road (old photos collected by Pang Shucai)

Old photos in front of Qingdao University (photographed by American Steven)

After the Xinjiazhuang gas station, Zhanliu Gan Road turns to the northeast, which is now the Kaohsiung Road, at the northeast end is Qingdao University. Then Zhanliu Trunk Road turns to the southeast, which is the westernmost end of the current Ningxia Road. It turns to the northeast and is Damai Island Village. It is adjacent to Xujiamai Island in the east, to the east slope of Yan'er Island in the west, to the sea in the south, and to the north It borders Dingjiazhuang, and Zhanliu Road and Donghai East Road pass through the village.

Damai Island Village Monument

Damai Island Village before reconstruction

Damai Island Village was built in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the "Genealogy" record: Dai, originally from Runing, Henan, went to Pingdu to serve as an official in the Yuan Dynasty, and lived in Beiguan, Yuan Dynasty. At the end, he moved to Zhumao, the eastern boundary. In the early Ming Dynasty, he moved from Zhumao Southeast Garden to Jimo Ancient Town. According to legend, he moved from the ancient town to Mo Island. There is another family with a surname of Qian, who settled in Cuobuling from Wendeng County, Shandong Province during the Yongle period, and later extended their branch to this place via Dayao Village.During the Wanli period, the Lan and Wang surnames were moved here from Shizijie in Jimo City and Laoshan Dengyao respectively, forming a village with multiple surnames. Because there is a small island where the Mo River enters the sea next to the village. The island and the mainland are separated by high tides and connected by low tides. The soil is dark, so it is named Mo Island and the village is called Mo Island Village. In Qingdao dialect, 'Mo' is pronounced as mei, and 'Mai' is also pronounced as mei. In the late Qing Dynasty, Modao Village evolved into Damai Island Village, and the small island by the sea was called Maidai Island.

Damai Island alley and shops

Damai Island Village was originally under the jurisdiction of Renhua Township, Jimo County, and later under the jurisdiction of Zhonghan Town, Laoshan. There are 113 surnames in the village, and the village construction covers an area of ​​35 hectares. It is one of the larger villages in Laoshan District, Qingdao City one.

The modernized Damai Island community after the reconstruction of the old village

On July 1, 2005, the Laoshan District Government of Qingdao City announced that the demolition and resettlement project for the reconstruction of the old village has been started to demolish Damai Island Village, a village with a 600-year-old history. and its cottages have been replaced by row upon row of high-rise buildings and modern residential areas.

Please continue to pay attention to "The Past and Present of Qingdao Hong Kong Road (Part 2)" tomorrow.

The author of this article: Qiu Ruojun, formerly known as Qiu Junlong, with the online name "Qingdao Taidong Town", was published on December 9, 2015.

Pictures are taken by American Steven, old photo collector Mr. Pang Shucai, netizen "Xuanyuan Swordsman", Laoshan Shizhi public account, Qingdao News Network and other teachers and friends and media;

Qingdao City Archives Forum public account, Qingdao The City Memory headlines are edited and compiled and pictures are added for publication. Please indicate when reprinting!