Nanjing, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, has 11 emperors. Where are their tombs?

11 emperors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty

There were 11 emperors in the Eastern Jin Dynasty that was the capital of Nanjing. According to " Jiankang Records" and other documents, except for the emperor and Sima Yi were buried in Wuling, Wu County , The other 10 emperors were buried in Jiankang (Nanjing), distributed in 3 tombs.

The first tomb is in the sun of Jilong Mountain, which is the southern foot of Jilong Mountain, and more popularly, it is the foothill of the south of Jilong Mountain, which is commonly referred to as "Xiling" in the literature.

Where is Jilongshan?

is actually today's Arctic Pavilion , which is connected to Jiuhua Mountain to the east, Gulougang to the west, and Xuanwu Lake to the north, which is the remaining vein of Zhongshan extending into the city.

Jilong Mountain is about 100 meters high. Its name originated from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.

Jilong Mountain is also called Jiming Mountain. Why? Emperor Qi Wu of the Southern Dynasty, Xiao Zhe, went to Zhongshan to shoot pheasants, and heard the cock crowing here.

Jilong Mountain is also called Qintian Mountain. Why?

is related to weather observation.

During the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, the first Sun Observatory was established on the top of the mountain. It was the first meteorological observatory in Nanjing. Scientists and historians also gathered here and became the national academic and cultural center.

Ming Dynasty Zhu Yuanzhang The "observatory" was built here, also known as "Qin Tiantai", Qin Tianshan got its name from this.

Why is it changed to North Pole Court?

The Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty visited the Jilong Mountain and visited the Jilong Mountain. It was deeply appreciated. The word "Kuangguan" was given to the bureaucrats. Later, local officials erected monuments and pavilions here. Famous North Pole Pavilion, Wanshou Pavilion and other buildings.

So far, Jilongshan has become the Arctic Pavilion today.

The Arctic Pavilion is the birthplace of modern and modern weather in China. In 1927, Zhu Kezhen prepared to establish the Institute of Meteorology of Academia Sinica. In the same year, the Arctic Pavilion Meteorological Observatory, the first national meteorological station in modern China, was established here.

The eastern foot of the Arctic Pavilion (Jilongshan) is the first Jiming Temple , which is the first of the "four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties".

Zhu Yuanzhang set up the Imperial Prison at the southern foot of the Arctic Pavilion (Jilongshan),The current Sipailou campus of Southeast University is located in the northwest part of Ming Guozijian.

Therefore, the sun of Jilong Mountain refers to the area of ​​Jimingsi Mountain and Gulougang west of the North Pole Pavilion.

1972, Nanjing University The Department of Archaeology excavated an early Eastern Jin Dynasty tomb in the Nanda Beiyuan in the western part of the southern foot of Gulougang. From the analysis of the location of the tomb, the shape of the tomb, and the unearthed relics, it may be The Jianping Mausoleum of the founding emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Emperor Jin Yuan.

There are a total of four emperors buried in this mausoleum, namely Yuan Emperor Sima Rui (Jianping Mausoleum), Mingdi Sima Shao (Wuping Ling), Chengdi Span_span 5span Mausoleum), Aidi Simapi (Anping Mausoleum).

The Eastern Jin imperial mausoleum division actually follows the principle of gathering together and burying, and determining different burial areas according to blood relationship.

This mausoleum is built by among the three mausoleums. Why?

Because the tombs of the emperors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty are also based on the principle that the elders are on the right.

The four emperors buried here, the Jin Yuan Emperor is the founding emperor, the Ming Emperor, Cheng Emperor, and Ai Emperor all entered the successor line as the eldest sons of Changdi. From the perspective of blood, they are the same as the Yuan Emperor. The direct line is ZTE's orthodoxy.

So they were all buried in the sun of Jilong Mountain at the upper right of Jiankang City.

The approximate range of the first cemetery

The second cemetery is in the sun of Zhongshan, which is the foothill of the southern part of the Purple Mountain, which is commonly referred to as the "Dong Tomb" in the literature.

The specific location is the Fugui Mountain in the Yumai of Zhongshan.

In 1960, the Nanjing Cultural Relics Department discovered the stone inlays of Emperor Gong Emperor’s Xuangong Palace in the eastern part of the southern foot of Fugui Mountain in Taipingmen.

In 1964, another late Eastern Jin tomb was excavated about 400 meters west of Shijie. Some people think that the owner of the tomb is Emperor Gong of Jin, but many people think that it may be Emperor An or Emperor Xiaowu.

There are five emperors buried in this mausoleum, namely Kangdi Sima Yue (Chongping Mausoleum), Jianwendi Simayu (High Pingyao 5span Yao 5), Xiao Wudi Longping Mausoleum), Andi Sima Dezong (Xiuping Mausoleum), Gongdi Sima Dewen (Chongping Mausoleum).

In the five tombs, apart from Kangdi, the other four emperors are inherited from one line and succeeded by side branches.

Kangdi is the same mother and brother of Emperor Cheng, and Emperor Jianwen is the half brother of Emperor Ming. Therefore, don't open up new mausoleums to show the difference in bloodlines.

These five emperors are all offshoots in the royal family tree. They are buried in the sun of Zhongshan at the bottom left of Jiankang Palace, and their status should be inferior to that of the Jilong Mountain Mausoleum.

The approximate range of the second mausoleum

The third mausoleum is in the sun of Mufu Mountain , that is, at the foot of the "North Mausoleum on the south side of Mufu Mountain" in the literature ".

Its approximate location is Guojiashan and its east-west line outside the central gate.

Some of the land purchase coupons unearthed in the Guojiashan area have words such as "Mofu Mountain" in the engravings.

In 1981, a large-scale tomb of the middle Eastern Jin Dynasty was excavated in Nanjing Steam Turbine Motor Factory. The owner of the tomb was Mu Di Simapan .

Mu Di Sima Tan is the son of Kant Sima Yue ,Emperor Kang was buried in the sun of Zhongshan, why did Mu Emperor Yongping Mausoleum be buried alone in the Mufu Mountain Tombs, far away from Jiankang Palace?

Maybe this has something to do with Aidi Simapi, who was enthroned after Mudi, who is a cousin of Mudi and his blood is not directly from Mudi.

In addition, the ritual system (especially funerals) seems to have undergone major changes during the Mu Emperor’s period. The tomb of Emperor Dumu clearly records that the grave was built. The grave was ten steps and six feet high.

Approximate scope of the third mausoleum

Because of the compliance with Sima Yi’s "no grave", "no tree", "three disobedience" wills Most of the tombs of the emperors of the Eastern Jin Dynasty "cannot be buried in the ground", and the burial is simple, so it is oblivious. Although there are occasional excavations, which emperor is buried in the tomb is a mystery of the ages. Only one has been confirmed for thousands of years. .

So, are there any buildings on the ground of the Eastern Jin imperial mausoleum?

Someone once wrote an essay for Emperor Xiaowu. The inside said: "The garden mausoleum is guarded, Weiling is hehe, the son is built, and the temple is played."

and when Emperor Jin Yuan was the king of Jin After respecting his deceased wife Yu as the queen, some people thought that the queen should set up a temple. The Yuan emperor said: "The ancestral temple has not been built yet, so it is not appropriate to make more works, so I modified the existing house as a temple on the mausoleum. That’s it.”

According to this,The five mausoleums of the Jin Dynasty in the southwest of Zhongshan Mountain in the Eastern Jin Dynasty were originally built with shrines and palaces.

But why hasn't any relics been found before the tombs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty so far?

is most likely to be Emperor Wu of Jin.

The landmark buildings on the Shinto tombs of the Eastern Jin Dynasty may be wooden, which is perishable and difficult to preserve.

However, Tang Li Shangyin "Jin Yuan Emperor Temple" in the poem said that there are stone carvings in front of the Eastern Jin Dynasty imperial mausoleum: "Where is the bow and sword god?

The historical truth is yet to be discovered by archaeology.