is gratifying! Shenzhou 15 astronauts successfully entered China Space Station and successfully "meeted" with Shenzhou 14 astronauts. 6 astronauts will be in orbit for about a week at the same time, once again creating a "first" for my country's space station .
Previously, someone suggested that Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14 crew had a female astronaut, so why is there no female on Shenzhou 15? I believe many friends know the answer to this question.
Because there are only three female astronauts in my country at present, namely Wang Yaping , Liu Yang and another female astronaut whose name has not been announced yet.
Wang Yaping has just completed the Shenzhou 13 space mission for only half a year, and it is unlikely that he will carry out the Shenzhou 15 flight mission, because the list of Shenzhou 15 crews was finalized in April 2022.
Liu Yang is currently on the space station to carry out the mission of Shenzhou 14. She wants to meet with the Shenzhou 15 crew, so it is even more impossible for her to participate in the Shenzhou 15 mission. Moreover, after Liu Yang returns, he will have to undergo rehabilitation training for about half a year.
As for another female astronaut, she is a member of the third batch of astronauts in my country. She is still in the training stage and will not be able to perform flight missions until at least 2023.
In fact, friends who often pay attention to information about manned space engineering in my country know the answers to the above questions. But if we extend it, there will be a question: Why don’t our country select more female astronauts?
Let’s take a look at the current situation of astronauts in my country:
Currently, there are 3 batches of astronauts in my country. The first batch of astronauts were selected from 1,506 eligible pilots in 1998. There are 14, and 9 are currently in service, all of them are male.
The second batch of astronauts was selected and confirmed in 2010, with a total of 7 people, including two female astronauts, Wang Yaping and Liu Yang, who we are familiar with. The third batch of astronauts was confirmed in 2020, with a total of 18 people, one of whom is still in the training stage.
Why must there be female astronauts?
Female astronauts are indispensable in manned space engineering and can play a major role.
Compared with men, females have more advantages in weightless environments, estrogen and magnesium metabolism, and the probability of symptoms such as thrombosis, heart rhythm disorders, and vasospasm are relatively small.
In addition, female astronauts will have stronger stress abilities, and when encountering sudden changes, women will have stronger endurance. Moreover, women are more careful in their work and more meticulous in their lives.
Also, for astronauts performing missions on the space station, complementarity between men and women helps to guide psychological problems and relieve the pressure of life and work in space.
And more importantly, the ultimate goal of space exploration is interstellar immigration. When the earth is no longer suitable for humans to live, the earthlings move to other planets, and women are an indispensable part.
Since female astronauts have such a great role, why don’t my country choose more? This is actually related to the harsh environment in space and the requirements for astronauts in all aspects.
Especially in the early stages of the development of manned space flight engineering in my country, the selection of astronauts did not distinguish between genders, both men and women had the same selection conditions, and this selection process was very harsh.
Currently, three female astronauts in my country can be selected not because they are women, but because they have passed the selection of astronauts and meet all the requirements.
Let’s talk about how strict the selection process of astronauts is? What is the selection process?
Astronaut selection is divided into three processes: Preparatory astronaut selection, training period astronaut selection and flight crew selection.
Preparatory astronaut selection
If you want to be an astronaut, you must first apply, fill in various forms, provide personal files, degree certificates and other information. Then the selection agency conducts preliminary screening according to the basic conditions for the selection of preparatory astronauts and selects applicants who meet the requirements.
When selecting the first batch of preparatory astronauts in my country, the basic conditions for candidates are also clearly stipulated, such as the requirement is 25 to 35 years old, 1.60 to 1.72 meters tall, 55 to 70 kilograms, male, college or above, which is also the reason why the first batch of astronauts have no women.
and it is required that all physical examinations in the past three years are Class A, fighter and striker pilots have a total of more than 600 hours of flight, no bad habits such as smoking and alcohol addiction, good health, firm will, dedication, and good compatibility.
In addition to the above basic conditions, applicants must also meet the medical requirements of aerospace engineering for their physical aspects, such as being healthy and having good physical fitness, and having high endurance and adaptability to the aerospace environment.
In addition, the assessment of applicants' psychological quality is also a must-do project. The purpose is to select people with strong psychological quality and eliminate candidates with psychological disorders.
Generally speaking, the selection of preparatory astronauts takes about one year to complete, and the selection is divided into three stages: primary selection, re-selection and admission. I believe that most people will feel relieved when they see the selection conditions for the preparation of astronauts.
And those candidates who have passed the preparatory astronaut selection should not be too happy too early, because this is just your first step to becoming an astronaut, and there are more complex and strict selections waiting for you later.
selection of training astronauts
passed the candidates for the preparatory astronaut selection and will enter the full training stage. During the training period, there are still countless selections and competitions waiting for them. To become an astronaut with the opportunity to enter space, "living until old age is a race until old age" is not an empty talk.
During the training process, the trainee’s thoughts, style, body, psychology, knowledge and skills are all aspects that require continuous assessment.
In the preliminary astronaut selection stage, due to the large number of candidates, the time is too short, and the inspection items are limited, it is impossible to conduct comprehensive assessment and screen candidates.
During the training period, on the one hand, there is plenty of time to conduct more comprehensive, in-depth and detailed physical examinations on the reserve astronauts, and conduct targeted inspections based on the conditions during the selection of reserve astronauts.
On the other hand, various training and training assessments impose certain physiological and psychological loads on trained astronauts to varying degrees. Some problems that cannot be discovered during the selection stage of the preparatory astronauts can be exposed during the training period, that is, potential problems can be discovered.
During training, whether it is a reserve astronaut or a formal astronaut, if it is a medically identified as unqualified by medical treatment, it may be eliminated.
To retain the active qualifications of astronauts, each astronaut must undergo a comprehensive medical examination every year before the qualified person can be allowed to retain the qualifications. If there is a problem, it must be grounded for a period of time. If the problem cannot be solved, it may be eliminated.
my country's third batch of astronauts began recruiting and officially confirmed in 2020. These 18 astronauts are currently in the training stage. If they do not meet the selection conditions during this period, they may still be eliminated.
flight crew selection
If you stand out in the selection of preparatory astronauts and are not eliminated during the training stage, then will there be a chance to perform space missions? The answer is no, because if you want to perform a space mission, astronauts must pass the selection of flight crews.
The selection of astronauts in flight crews should not only assess the physical, psychological quality and excellent technology of the astronauts themselves, but also be selected in combination with specific aerospace missions. The selection of members is related to the characteristics and requirements of the flight mission, and the number of people is mainly related to the scale and type of spacecraft.
For example, my country's space station missions, the flight crew is usually composed of three people. According to my country's practice of "old and new", an astronaut who has performed space missions must be the commander, and a "new person" who has never performed space missions must participate.
In addition, the crew members must also divide the tasks according to their personal abilities, characteristics and personality, including personal physical and mental qualities, professional and technical level.
For example, in the Shenzhou 13 and Shenzhou 14 fleets in my country, there is a female astronaut. On the one hand, it is to verify the physical changes of female astronauts during long-term space missions, and on the other hand, it is for the coordination of the entire fleet. Of course, first of all, both female astronauts must pass various assessments during the training stage.
In addition, since there are variables such as changes in the health status of astronauts during the training and mission preparation before launch, at least two crew members will be selected for a certain mission.
For example, in the selection of space station mission crews in my country, a first-time crew group is usually selected and a backup crew group is also selected. When the initial crew is in trouble, the backup crew can be replaced immediately to ensure the smooth implementation of the space mission.
In short, the selection process and requirements of astronauts are very complex and strict. Candidates who can pass the selection of astronauts are already among the people, and astronauts who can perform space missions are even more unscrupulous.
my country's space station is in the stage of comprehensive construction. The selection of astronauts only considers whether the task can be completed and will not lower the selection criteria for selecting women.
In fact, both Wang Yaping and Liu Yang have very high scores in the comprehensive selection process. They are female astronauts who have passed the strict assessment and were finally confirmed to perform space missions.
It can be imagined that if two female astronauts want to meet the same standards as men, they must make greater efforts and sweat. I would like to pay tribute to the two female astronauts!
Finally, I wish the Shenzhou 15 astronauts and Shenzhou 14 astronauts successfully complete the space handover. We are waiting for the triumph of the astronauts on Earth!
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-