Huaihai Battle
Huaihai Battle started on November 6, 1948 and ended on January 10, 1949. The Kuomintang called " Xubeng Battle " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "
War background
In the second half of 1948, the domestic situation became increasingly unfavorable to the national army. In early August, the Kuomintang held a military review meeting in Nanjing and proposed a strategy of seeking stability in the Northeast, consolidation in the Northwest, expanding in the Northwest, and strengthening the suppression in the East and Central China. Starting from the second half of the year, the National Army began to implement key defenses, adhere to the strategic points, and trained powerful mobile corps, resulting in the People's Liberation Army "can't eat" the strategic points and "can't chew" the reinforcements.
Members of the Huaihai Battle Front Command Committee took a photo
In September, the Communist Party of China launched the Battle of Jinan and conquered Jinan. This is the first time that the Communist Party of China has conquered a solid city for heavy troops in the National Army, and it also declared the failure of the key defense plan. During the battle, although Chiang Kai-shek ordered the three Kuomintang gangs Huang Baitao , Qiu Qingquan , and Li Mi , which were gathered in Xuzhou area to rescue the siege, but due to the powerful blocking and aid troops of the Communist Party of China's East China Field Army, the three gangs lingered in front of the positions of the blocking and aid troops in the Chinese field until the city of Jinan was broken, the Huang and Li gangs had not yet assembled. Xinhua News Agency broadcast the results of the Jinan Battle on October 24, 1948: 22,423 Kuomintang troops were killed and wounded, and 61,873 people were captured under Wang Yaowu, including 23 generals and more than 20,000 uprisings on the battlefield, and countless supplies and ammunition were seized. AP Associated Press commented on this: "From now on, wherever the Communist Party will go, wherever it will go. If you want to attack Hecheng, attack Hecheng, there will be no stopping.
pre-war situation
cause of the war
Huaihai Battle Chinese people In late September 1948, three days after the victory of the Jinan Battle, East China Field Army 6 Commander and Acting Political Commissar Su Yu proposed to the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China that he hoped to take advantage of the victory to attack and annihilate Huaiyin , Huai'an , Baoying , Gaoyou , and Haizhou National Army, which is called the Huaihai Campaign. The main goal is to annihilate the 7th Corps of Huang Baitao and Li Yan, which are far away from Xuzhou. In 2019, the 9th Pacification Zone was prepared for the capture of Xuzhou. This plan was in line with the guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China to "annihilate the enemy north of the Yangtze River" and was immediately approved. This is the fact that the Communist Party of China originally planned to carry out a smaller-scale Huaihai Battle, and the Communist Party of China occupied the right to take the initiative to fight.
Huaihai Battle The Kuomintang Army
On October 29, 1948, the Kuomintang Chief of Staff Gu Zhutong and the Minister of Defense He Yingqin held an operational meeting at the Ministry of National Defense. In accordance with the guiding ideology of "Defending the river must guard the Huai River" by Bai Chongxi, the commander-in-chief of the Central China Bandit Suppression Command, proposed two combat plans: one is to concentrate superior forces on both sides of the Jinpu Railway between Xuzhou and Bengbu and do strategic defense; when the People's Liberation Army heads south, it concentrates all its efforts and finds an opportunity to fight the People's Liberation Army. (Memoirs of Guo Rugui) The second is to give up Xuzhou and retreat to the Huai River for river defense. At the same time, in order to solve the shortage of troops, the 39th and 54th Army stationed in Huludao after the Liaoshen Campaign were transferred to Bengbu to support the Xubeng battlefield.Although the meeting agreed to adopt the first combat plan, the Kuomintang had not yet determined the combat deployment until the beginning of the Xu-Beng Campaign. Chiang Kai-shek preferred the second solution to defeat the main force of the People's Liberation Army in the Huaihe River area, "to fight for time for the second line's strategic allocation." By November 5, Gu Zhutong convened a meeting in Xuzhou for Liu Zhi, Qiu Qingquan, Huang Baitao, Li Mi, etc., and decided to arrange the deployment according to the first case, and the main force was arranged along Jinpu Road.
In terms of the commander selection, Chiang Kai-shek hoped that Bai Chongxi would be the commander-in-chief, but Bai Chongxi believed that the national army was completely passive in the deployment of the formation, so he firmly refused. In terms of the candidates for the front command organization, Chiang hopes that the Xuzhou Bandit Suppression General Command and the commander of the 2nd Corps can command the war, but Du Yuming was urgently transferred to the Northeast Bandit Suppression General Command on October 15, 1948. Jiang had no trustworthy candidates to be sent, so Liu Zhi, commander-in-chief of the Xuzhou Bandit Suppression Command, was appointed as the commander-in-chief of the Xuzhou Bandit Suppression Command, to command the battle. It only took 6 days from Bai Chongxi's refusal to command to the People's Liberation Army launching the Huaihai Campaign.
meaning of war
The significance of the Huaihai Battle is as stated in a statement on the current situation issued on January 14, 1949, on the fourth day after the battle, that is, on January 14, 1949: "Now, the People's Liberation Army is better than the remaining military forces of the Kuomintang reactionary government in terms of quantity, morale and equipment. Only then did the Chinese people start to breathe a sigh of relief. The situation is very obvious now. As long as the People's Liberation Army makes several major attacks on the remaining Kuomintang army, the Kuomintang's rule will collapse and disappear." The victory of the Huaihai Battle made the vast area north of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River , laying the foundation for the People's Liberation Army to cross the river .
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