At around 4 a.m. on June 22, 1941 (Sunday), fascist Germany tore up the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty, and began a large-scale operation called " Barbarossa ", launching an attack on the Soviet Union.
The German army formed 3 Front Army clusters with 190 divisions, 5.5 million men, more than 3,700 tanks, , more than 5,900 aircraft, nearly 50,000 artillery and mortar , and promoted to the Soviet Union on the 3,000-kilometer front between Barents Sea to Caspian . Since then, the Soviet Union began the great Patriotic War , and World War II entered a new stage.
The German army used the "blitzkrieg" battle mode, firstly bombarded important Soviet cities, railway transportation, communication hubs and naval and air force bases with Air Force Air Force , and then, with the advantageous tank corps, violently attacked and quickly developed the depth of Soviet defense.
Its northern front army cluster captured Leningrad along the coast of Baltic Sea , and the central front army cluster captured Minsk , Smolensk , and the southern front army cluster captured Kiev , Kharkov and Donbas . Germany attempted to quickly defeat the Soviet Union within 1 and a half months to 2 months.
Before this, the socialist Soviet Union's treason and sudden invasion of Germany was not estimated. In fact, the military officers of the former Soviet Union in Germany and the embassy in Britain had obtained information that Germany was preparing to attack the Soviet Union.
Especially on the eve of the German invasion, there was a German soldier on the front line. He was a German Communist Party member and took the risk of crossing the border to report to the Soviet border defense: the German front line troops had received an order to attack the Soviet Union on June 22.
However, these abnormal situations did not attract the attention of the Supreme Command of the Soviet Army. Therefore, the German army was unprepared for the sudden attack. In addition, the Soviet army deployed its troops on the western border was very different from that of the German army. Therefore, the German army quickly broke through the Soviet army's defense line and obtained the initiative in air superiority and attack, and the Soviet army suffered heavy losses.
By December 2, 1941, a German reconnaissance battalion had broken into the suburbs of Moscow, and German soldiers could clearly see the spire of Kremlin .
However, the Soviet people were not intimidated, and the Soviet army did not lose their vitality. The treason of the German fascists further aroused the indignation of the Soviet people. The crazy massacre of the German army on Soviet territory strengthened the Soviet people's determination to eliminate the fascists thousands of times.
Sui army once had the largest number of airborne troops in the world and had long and careful training. However, in the early stage of the war, due to the extremely unfavorable strategic situation of the Soviet army, many fronts had no troops to defend. In order to protect the overall strength of the Soviet army, the commander-in-chief had to treat this powerful force as the ground force of the and fight on the gap front, but was defeated by the powerful German army.
In this way, the Soviet army sacrificed several well-trained paratrooper divisions and gliding divisions and paid a significant price.
At that time, in addition to the larger size of paratroopers than the German army, the Soviet army also had several infantry divisions trained in aircraft landing. However, due to the lack of transport aircraft , they could not be transported to the urgently needed battlefield.
Later, the Soviet army tried to use the bomber to transport paratroopers, but because the bomber air crews had not received special training in airborne combat, and the bomber's cabin capacity, fuselage structure and hatch door design were not suitable for carrying paratroopers and carrying out airborne combat, it was very difficult and inefficient.
Despite this, one month after the outbreak of the war, the Soviet army continued to use airborne troops to carry out airborne counterattack operations against the German rear.
After the German army broke through the Soviet border defense with " flash war ", it made rapid progress in depth, causing many large Soviet military warehouses to fall into the hands of the German army before they could be transferred, and some important bridges and transportation hubs to be occupied by the German army before they could be blown up.
On July 16, 1941, the Soviet army used airborne troops to carry out airborne operations against the German army for the first time, with the purpose of carrying out a series of damage to the ordnance warehouses and major transportation routes occupied by the German army in Kiev, Ukraine.
The backbone of the 104th Brigade and 202nd Brigade of the Soviet Airborne Army were carried out. There were more than 300 people, forming 10 combat sabotage groups, and secretly parachutes were placed that night. After
landed, these brave airborne troops first rushed to the main attack target and blew up the Kiev Ordnance Warehouse. Then, each group destroyed the nearby bridges and traffic roads occupied by the German army according to the pre-determined plan. Since the airborne troops carrying out the mission were originally stationed in this area and were very familiar with the local situation, all combat teams completed the task well and then returned smoothly.
In mid-August 1941, the German army occupied two bridges on the Hermosti River, and the subsequent main forces will advance through these two bridges. Late at night on the 22nd, a company of the Soviet airborne troops parachutes in the Yarcewo area to carry out the mission of blowing up the two bridges.
The Soviet army airborne field was selected on the edge of a forest, about 5 kilometers away from the two bridges. After the paratroopers landed, they encountered no resistance. Captain Telefonko divided the entire company into two operation groups and approached the target invisible. At 4 a.m., under the cover of dark night, they successfully approached the target, eliminated the German sentry guarding the bridge, and completed the destruction mission.
Then, Captain Terrefonko gathered the entire company and carried out activities to attack the enemy on the nearby traffic lines. With the active support of the local people, they cleverly attacked the enemy behind the enemy, insisted on fighting for 45 days, and returned to their own troops in early October.
After the Yarcewo airborne combat, the Soviet airborne troops conducted a counter assault operation in Odessa in .
Starting from early August 1941, the Soviet Independent Coastal Army and the Caspian Fleet joined hands with the people of Odessa to launch the Battle of Defense of Odessa.
htmlOn September 21, part of the 4th Romanian Army, which was organized by the German Southern Army Group, broke into the eastern suburbs of Odessa and attacked and blocked the Odessa port with artillery fire, attempting to prevent the Soviet army supporting Odessa from landing here.22, two infantry divisions of the Soviet army received an order to work with the Marines to conduct a joint assault on the advancing Romanian 4th Army. The battleship commanded by Rear Admiral Gorshkov will transport the 3rd Marine Regiment to land in the Grigoriyevka area and encircle and annihilate the enemy.
After the anti-assault operation began, it carried out 30 minutes of artillery preparations. Then, 23 airborne troops carried out parachutes at the back of the enemy's positions to cooperate in combat.
The area where they parachute is the necessary highway hub location for the German reserve team to travel to the landing zone.
After the paratroopers landed, they immediately destroyed the planned transportation hub and attacked a battalion command post in the Romanian army.
Due to the scattered landing of paratroopers, the area of scattered spread was large, which caused the illusion of large troops being airborne, and the enemy was panicked for a moment.
After a joint assault by the Soviet army, the navy and the air force, the Luo army was repelled 5 to 8 kilometers, and the Soviet Marine Corps also landed successfully, and the enemy's attempt to capture Odessa was failed.
These three parachutes behind enemy lines greatly inspired the fighting spirit of the Soviet people to eliminate the invading German fascists.
Then, on October 3 and 4, the Soviet army carried out a large-scale airborne operation in the Orel area.
1941 On September 30, 1941, the German army invested in Orel's main force and advanced forward. On October 3, the enemy's vanguard occupied Orel and continued to advance along the Orel-Turah Highway, posing a serious threat to Moscow.
In order to organize a new strong defense, the Soviet army delayed the German attack and quickly assembled troops in the Mulingsk area and formed the 1st infantry army.
At the same time, it was decided to airlift the 5th Airborne Army to Orel. The mission was to block the German tank troops between Orel and Mlingsk before the 1st infantry Army completed its defense preparations.
In order to cooperate with the airborne troops, a tank brigade of the Soviet army advanced towards Orel as fast as possible.
At 5:40 on October 3, the 5th Airborne Army received an order to attack. The participating troops were the 10th Airborne Brigade and the 201st Airborne Brigade belonging to the 5th Army, with a total of more than 6,000 people. 80 ПC-84 and TБ-3 transport aircraft were responsible for the air transport mission. The air transport distance was 500 kilometers, and the commander of the army was organized and commanded by Major General Gergeff.
6:30, the plane of the 201st Airborne Brigade began to take off. Two hours later, when it flew over Orel Airport, it was violently bombarded by German troops. The airborne troops braved the enemy's artillery fire and landed on air, and urgently rushed to assist the ground forces fighting head-on with the enemy in the northwest of Orel.
Just as the main force of the 201st Brigade was airborne at Orel Airport, the 3rd Battalion of the 201st Brigade also airborne at Orel Airport, 8 kilometers northeast of Orel, quickly destroying the road leading to Orel and Mlingsk.
On October 4, all combat units of the 5th Army of the Airborne Army were airborne. The next day, a tank brigade that quickly advanced from the ground also arrived at the combat area of the 5th Army as planned.
After that, the two troops worked closely together to conduct mobile defense operations in an area of more than 40 kilometers between Orel and Mlingsk. After 10 days and nights of continuous combat, they effectively stopped the enemy, won time for the 1st infantry army to organize solid defense, and also contributed to the victory of Moscow Defense Battle .
In the second half of 1941, after nearly half a year of bloody battles, the Soviet military and civilians severely attacked the arrogance of the fascism and stabilized the battlefield situation.
In early December 1941, the Soviet army launched a counterattack against the German army surrounding Moscow for the first time. The 30th Army and the 1st Army surrounded part of the 3rd and 4th German tank clusters in the Klin area. The German army desperately retreated in the direction of Volokolams, attempting to organize new defenses along the Rama River and Ruza River.
In order to destroy and block the German retreat, a battalion of the 214th Brigade of the 214th Brigade of the Soviet Army Airborne Army had a total of 415 people. On the night of December 14, they parachuteed in the Klin area. After the paratroopers landed, under the command of the battalion commander Captain Starcha, they fought for 19 days and nights, destroyed 29 bridges, attacked the German retreat marching column, cut off three highways from Klin to Volokolams, Volokolamsk to Lotoshilo and Klin to No. 10 railway lines from Shakhoskaya to No. 10 enemy cars, and killed more than 700 German troops, effectively blocking the retreating German troops. After the
mission is completed, the 214th Airborne Brigade and the ground combat troops will meet successfully.
At the end of December 1941, the Soviet army successfully carried out airborne operations in , the landing battle that recaptured the Kerch Peninsula.
In mid-November 1941, the German army occupied the Kerch Peninsula. In order to retake the Kerch Peninsula and annihilate the German army group in the Feodocia region, the Soviet Command decided to carry out the Kerch-Feodocia landing operation from December 5, 1941 to January 2, 1942.
In this battle, the Soviet army used a battalion of the 2nd Airborne Army to conduct airborne operations with a total of 450 people. Their original mission was to seize the bridgehead position west of Kerch and cover the landing forces to land. However, because the ships of the landing troops were blocked by ice in Azov Sea, the airborne troops' mission was changed to parachute at the waist of Alabat Peak, cutting off all channels of the German army in the Alabat region, and cooperating with the Su-44 Army to annihilate the German army in the Feodosia region.
A week before the airborne, the Soviet army first airborne several reconnaissance teams with radio stations on the Kerch Peninsula, collecting and reporting the island's enemy situation and terrain information in a timely and comprehensive manner, and preparing for the airborne landing.
Late at night on December 31, 1941, dozens of TБ-3 aircraft loaded with airborne troops directly commanded by the Soviet Airborne Command took off at Krasnodar Airport, successfully arrived at the airborne area, and carried out airborne.
After the paratroopers landed, they quickly seized nearby enemy artillery positions and sent several sabotage groups on the traffic line to attack the German transportation hub and command post.
Because the airborne troops were operating in the island, the German army mistakenly believed that it was a large-scale airborne, which caused panic and chaos. The work in the rear was once paralyzed, thus ensuring the smooth landing of the 44th Army of the Soviet Army.
Just as the beginning of 1942, the Soviet army carried out an airborne operation at the Dafa Tiyanovo Airport.In early January, the Soviet Western Front advanced westward to the front line of Namanfminsk, Kaluga and Belev.
In order to destroy the German supplies and block the German reinforcements, they encircled and annihilated the 4th German Armored Army in the Viazma area. The Soviet army decided to use the 23rd Army of the Soviet Army to carry out a frontal attack from southwest of Viazma, and the 10th Army to encircle the two wings.
At the same time, airborne troops were sent to carry out airborne at Dafa Tiyanovo Airport in the defense area of the 4th Armored Army of the German Army, seize the airport and the nearby Miatrevo Railway Station, cut off the German traffic line, carry out assaults from the inside of the enemy's defense line, and cooperate with the frontal troops to encircle and annihilate the enemy.
Originally, the Soviet army planned to first form a paratrooper advance team of 202 people from the 1st Paratrooper Detachment to carry out parachutes at Dafa Tiyanovo Airport, seize the airport, and prepare for the plane landing.
At the same time, the 1st Battalion of the 201st Brigade of the Airborne Army, with about 300 people, carried out parachutes in Gusev, Burdukovo and Sakovo, 12 to 15 kilometers northwest of Meden, and directly entered the Yukhnov-Meden Highway to destroy the bridge on the Estonian River.
Then, about 1,300 people from the 205th Infantry Regiment landed at the Dafa Tiyanovo Airport, captured Miatvo Station, cut off German traffic, attacked the enemy from the inside, and cooperated with the frontal attack.
The plan uses 21 TБ-3 and 10 ПC-84 transport aircraft to take off from Fenukovo Airport and complete all air transport tasks on 4 flights.
htmlOn the night of January 3, the airborne operation began. The advance team composed of the 1st Paratrooper Detachment and the 1st Paratrooper Battalion both landed at the Dafa Tiyanovo Airport at the same time, with a total of 416 people airdropped. They landed in the order of commandos, support teams, reserve teams and field teams.Sui Army winter paratroopers landed
However, after landing, only 15% of the paratroopers gathered that day. Because the German army fought desperately, the Soviet army did not occupy the airport until the next night. At this time, the paratroopers found that due to the thick snow on the airport, the Soviet plane could not land.
So, while fighting against the German army's crazy counterattack, the paratroopers seized the time overnight to clear the snow on the runway. In the early morning of the third day, when they completed all the support for the plane landing, a blizzard suddenly came again, and the plane landing of the 205th Infantry Regiment was forced to be cancelled.
At this time, without any reinforcements, the paratroopers independently carried out guerrilla warfare in the enemy-occupied area. They destroyed the Miatrevo Railway Station, sneaked into two trains carrying tanks and technical weapons, cut off the traffic line to Lukaga, and captured a transport team with more than 100 carriages, with outstanding results.
htmlOn January 19, they met with the troops attacking the front.After the Dafa Tiyanovo airborne combat, the Soviet Western Front had surrounded the 4th Armored Army of the German Army in the Yukhnov area from both north and south. In order to cut off the main traffic route between Viazma-Yukhnov occupied by the enemy, cut off the enemy's main supply line, and cooperate with the frontal troops to annihilate the enemy in one fell swoop, the Soviet army decided to carry out another airborne combat in the Jelanya area.
The troops participating in the battle this time were the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the 201st Brigade of the Soviet Airborne Forces and the 250th Infantry Regiment. The area they landed was 40 kilometers southwest of Viazma, a zone with a depth of 40 to 50 kilometers.
As planned, the airborne will first carry out parachutes by the two battalions of the airborne troops, seize and defend the Znamenka Airport, and prepare for the plane landing. Then, the 250th Regiment of the 21 ПC-84 passenger aircraft of the State Administration of Civil Aviation landed here. Before taking off, the passenger aircraft was temporarily equipped with some self-defense weapons.
In addition, the TB-3 bomber of the 23rd Bomber Division is responsible for airdropping anti-tank guns and other combat supplies.
html At 3:35 am on January 18, 16 transport planes were loaded with airborne troops from the 2nd battalion of the 201st Brigade and took off at Fenukovo Airport. By 9 am, a total of 452 parachutes had landed.After they landed, they quickly contacted the local guerrillas and immediately launched an attack on Znamenka Airport, but failed to capture the airport due to strong resistance from the German army.
Therefore, after the second batch of four aircraft carrying command teams and airport service personnel arrived, they were forced to change their plans and landed at another airport controlled by the guerrillas at 17 o'clock.After
landed, because it was too late, and the runway was covered with snow and the plane could not take off and return, the next day, after being discovered by the German army, it launched a fierce attack on the airport, destroying all the planes and capturing the airport.
htmlOn January 20, with the strong support of local guerrillas, the airborne troops quickly opened a simple airport in the northwest of Presnevo and reported it to the Airborne Command in a timely manner.At night that day, the 250th Infantry Regiment began to land at the airport. Due to too few transport planes, the landing process lasted for 3 nights, and the plane landed 1,643 people. During this process, it was attacked by the German army, losing 3 planes and more than 30 casualties.
After discovering that the Soviet army was airborne, the German army dispatched four infantry companies to seize the railway bridge on the Ugla River on the 21st.
With the cooperation of local guerrillas, the airborne troops surrounded this force, eliminated the enemy guarding the bridge, occupied the bridge, and cut off the road transport from Yukhnov to Viazma in the rear of the German army, and fought for 12 days and nights in the enemy-occupied area.
htmlOn 30, the 1st Soviet guard cavalry army broke through the German defense line west of Yukhnov, entered the area, and met with the airborne troops.In the second half of 1941, after nearly half a year of bloody battles, the Soviet military and civilians severely attacked the arrogance of the fascism and stabilized the battlefield situation.
At dawn on February 5, 1942, the left wing troops of the Soviet army Kalinin Front launched a counterattack against the German army.
html In the early morning of the 6th, the assault cluster of the Soviet Western Front and the right-wing assault cluster of the Southwest Front also moved into a counterattack against the German army with the coordination of the aviation .From then on, Soviet Patriotic War entered a local counterattack stage.
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