After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese people urgently need a stable and peaceful environment and restore their homes that were damaged by war.
However, shortly after the Japanese army announced its unconditional surrender, the Kuomintang reactionaries led by Chiang Kai-shek could not control their evil thoughts and advanced to the liberated areas along the Pingsui, Tongpu, Pinghan, Jinpu and other railways, quickly seized the central cities and transportation lines, attempting to create a favorable situation, in an attempt to force our party to surrender and even eliminate our party.
The rebellious behavior of the Kuomintang reactionaries caused a serious civil war crisis and caused dissatisfaction and concern from all walks of life.
Seeing that the war is about to rise again, the devastated home will fall into war again. People from all walks of life have asked the Kuomintang authorities to give up this kind of counter-intentional behavior in various forms, and jointly govern China, as a nation, and all patriotic parties and groups, to improve people's livelihood and rebuild their homes.
On August 8, 1945, the Liberation Daily published an article saying:
"The people of all coastal areas and major cities in the northeast are eager for peace, and their opposition to the civil war has never been so consistent. Farmers, students, businessmen, journalists, restaurant staff and women and elderly people all said in unison: We should stop such meaningless wars and resume normal life. Generally, people who are displaced, hungry and exhausted have the same expression."
On the same month, the China Democratic Alliance Association issued the "Urgent Call in the Victim of the War of Resistance Against Japan", which expressed its opposition to all acts that create divisions and cause civil wars, and advocated "democratic unification and peaceful establishment of the country." Subsequently, various parties and groups such as the China Democratic Promotion Association, Chinese People's National Saving Congress , and the China Democratic National Construction Association issued calls for opposing civil war and dictatorship.
Faced with Chiang Kai-shek's step-by-step pressing, in order to rebuild the home that was damaged by war and to allow the Chinese people to live and work in peace and contentment, our party did not confront it, but tried every possible means to strive for peace and democracy in the goal of founding the country.
On August 25, 1945, the Party Central Committee issued the "Handle Declaration on the Current Situation ", proposing:
"Peace, Democracy, and Unity", which clarified our party's political proposition of "reaching national unity on the basis of peace, democracy and unity, and building an independent, free and prosperous new China."
On August 28, 1945, in order to achieve the goal of peace and democracy, Chairman Mao risked his life to fly to Chongqing, and did his best to do our party to carry out peace negotiations with Chiang Kai-shek, who was determined to fight a civil war, hoping to achieve the goal of peaceful country building. During the negotiations, in order to make the peace negotiations go smoothly, our party made considerable concessions, and even gave up the joint establishment of the government, requiring only all parties to participate in politics.
However, even though our party made great concessions for peace and gave up many of its own interests, Chiang Kai-shek was still not satisfied.
On June 26, 1946, Chiang Kai-shek ignored the strong call of the Chinese people to establish a peaceful country, and with the support of US imperialism, he tore up the armistice agreement and the CPPCC agreement that had been signed before, and brazenly launched a full-scale attack on the liberated areas, and a full-scale civil war broke out.
Faced with the shameless acts of the Kuomintang reactionaries headed by Chiang Kai-shek to blatantly undermine peace and attack the liberated areas, the military and civilians of the liberated areas rose up to fight under the leadership of our party, and since then the curtain of the great People's Liberation War was opened.
1949 On April 23, 1949, the People's Liberation Army conquered Nanjing, the center of the reactionary ruling, and declared the destruction of the Kuomintang rule that lasted for 22 years.
On October 1, as the People's Liberation Army made great strides towards the goal of liberating the whole of China, Chairman Mao solemnly declared the founding of the People's Republic of China to the whole world on the Tiananmen Gate Tower in Beijing. Since then, the Chinese people stood up and stood tall in the east of the world.
In June 1950, the Kuomintang troops remaining in the battlefields of Northeast China, East China, Central and South , Southwest and Northwest were mostly annihilated by the People's Liberation Army, and only a small number of remaining troops fled to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek. The following year, Tibet peacefully liberated .
At this point, our party has achieved a comprehensive victory in the War of Liberation.
In the War of Liberation, the Chinese People's Liberation Army had about 1.7 million troops participating in the war, and the Kuomintang army was about 4.2 million.
In the end, the number of casualties of the People's Liberation Army of China was about 1.3 million, while the number of casualties of the Kuomintang army, which had the advantage of equipment in the early stage, reached more than 2.4 million.
So, who was the highest general who died in our party in the War of Liberation?
In the War of Liberation, Northeast Military Region and Northeast Field Army Artillery Commander Zhu Rui was the highest general who died in our party.
years old and jealous of evil
In 1905, Zhu Rui was born in a scholarly family in Zhudaxingzhuang, Xiaoyi Township, Buzi Town, Suqian, Jiangsu Province. It was passed down to Zhu Rui's father Zhu Xinshun's generation. Although it was much worse than before due to the war, its background was still there, and the family life was not worry-free.
Zhu Rui's parents are hardworking and kind people. Zhu's father is a barefoot doctor. He often treats poor people for free and pays for the patients out of his own pocket. He is respected by the people around him.
Zhu's mother is a traditional Chinese woman who cares for her husband and children, and is a virtuous supporter praised by everyone in the village.
As Zhu Rui said in his "Autobiography":
"Comfortable and warm family life has cultivated my cheerful and easy qualities; there are many sisters, and they are harmonious and harmonious, and they have cultivated my kind and enthusiastic personality; poems, stories, novels, parents' tradition of strong love, and cultivated it into the root of enthusiasm, sympathy and kindness."
Parents' words and deeds and the influence of their living environment have left a deep mark on the formation of Zhu Rui's personality and worldview.
Influenced by his parents, Zhu Rui has been a helpful and jealous person since he was a child. He is very disgusted with the playboys in the school who bullied others with power. Whenever he sees them bullying classmates on campus, he will always stand up to protect the bullied classmates.
At the same time, students from wealthy families in the school always look down on them, and even bully students from poor families, which made the young Zhu Rui deeply puzzled, wondering why there are such unequal and unjust things in the world? After
, with the increase of age, knowledge and broadening of vision, Zhu Rui's thinking on the problem is also deepening, thinking about the unfairness in the school, and finally thinking about the unfairness in the entire society and the entire world.
Although Zhu Rui did not find the answer at that time, he also planted the seeds of revolution in his heart.
Learn from the good and aspire to revolutionize
1918, 13-year-old Zhu Rui was admitted to a high-level public primary school. At this time, because of his different environments, he was able to come into contact with revolutionary theory. Through reading books and newspapers, he knew Lenin and the revolutionary party.
Through progressive books and news reports, he gradually thought of ways to solve the various unfairness he had thought about before, and the seed of revolution in his heart gradually sprouted.
Only revolution can save China and save the working people in China. After understanding these, Zhu Rui began to focus on those "revolutionary course" that saves the people from water and fire and relieves the people from the overhang, and wants to be such a "revolutionary party."
It was at this moment that just as the young man Zhu Rui's thoughts changed drastically, the May Fourth Movement broke out.
For a time, the wave of anti-imperialism and feudalism swept across the country, arousing the awareness and awakening of the Chinese people, and making the Chinese people further realize the nature of imperialist aggression and the darkness of warlord rule.
Soon, in order to support the May Fourth Movement, more than 5,000 representatives from Suqian School and people from all walks of life gathered at the West Stadium of the county town. They held the paper flags of "Cancel Twenty-One" and "Refusing to sign a peace treaty" in their hands, shouting "Foreign power in the outside world, punishing traitors in the home", calling on the people to take action, boycott Japanese goods, and oppose corruption, signing unequal treaties to safeguard national sovereignty and unity.
At this time, Zhu Rui, who was only 14 years old, was in the team participating in the demonstration.
After the May Fourth Movement blew to Suqian counties, Zhu Rui resolutely devoted himself to the torrent of anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism, sometimes leading his classmates to shout patriotic slogans in the parade, and sometimes standing on the platform with high morale and fighting spirit to deliver anti-imperialism and anti-feudal speeches.
This experience made the revolutionary seeds in Zhu Rui's heart completely bloom. At this moment, he completely strengthened his determination to revolution.
In addition to participating in the patriotic activities, Zhu Rui did not forget to study.
In the summer of 1920, Zhu Rui graduated from the county high school with the fourth place in the class, and then studied at Xuzhou Peixin Middle School and Nanjing Zhongying Middle School.
Zhu Rui said in "Autobiography": "In the era of Xuzhou and Nanjing, my rebellious thoughts have become increasingly stable."
During those years of studying in big cities, Zhu Rui was exposed to more progressive books and also recognized more progressive young people. Under the influence of people and things, Zhu Rui's revolutionary heart became stronger, and for this reason he did many unexpected things in school.
For example, when he was in Nanjing Zhongying Middle School, he often used the opportunity of writing and speeches to denounce imperialist aggression and the corruption and incompetence of the Beiyang government, and shouted loudly in the school magazine:
"The so-called Republic of China is just a signboard and the content is lost. To build a real Republic of China, revolution is needed."
Also, at the summer graduation ceremony in 1922, Zhu Rui took advantage of the opportunity to speak on behalf of the graduation class to deliver a deafening speech sympathizing with the victims about the current situation of floods in Jiangsu during the spring and summer of that year, the displaced victims and the Beiyang authorities ignored it.
At this moment, Zhu Rui seemed to have the awareness and style of a revolutionary who had just awakened.
full of enthusiasm and participated in the revolution
In the autumn of 1924, Zhu Rui was admitted to Guangdong University (later Sun Yat-sen University ), and shortly after admission, he participated in the Progressive Student Organization-New Student Society.
Shortly after joining the New Student Society, Zhu Rui was elected as one of the main responsible persons with outstanding performance and firm revolutionary beliefs.
During this period, he led his members to actively participate in the struggle against the Kuomintang right and was called the "backbone" by the Guangdong Student Committee of China.
1925 winter, Moscow Sun Yat-sen University came to Guangzhou to recruit students.
After the recommendation of the Guangdong District Student Committee of the Communist Party of China, Zhu Rui was the first to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow in the name of left-wing young people.
htmlAfter 2002, Zhu Rui entered the Krasin Artillery School in Moscow to study artillery major. It was this learning experience that later entrusted him with important tasks and appointed him as the commander of the Artillery of the Northeast Democratic Alliance Army and the Northeast Military Region.In the summer of 1929, Zhu Rui graduated from the Moscow Krasin Artillery School with the first place in the written test and live ammunition shooting.
Before this, Zhu Rui successfully passed the inspection of our party and became a glorious Communist Party member.
In January 1930, Zhu Rui returned to Shanghai and was entrusted with an important task by the Party Central Committee to serve as a staff officer of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China.
In October, due to the destruction of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau by reactionaries, reliable and capable cadres urgently needed to resume the work of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau. Zhu Rui volunteered to go to Wuhan to work. Later, the party organization agreed to his request and appointed him as the Chief of Staff and Secretary-General of the Military Commission of the Yangtze River Bureau.
This time, Zhu Rui knew it was extremely dangerous and could sacrifice at any time. In order to avoid worrying his family, he wrote a letter to his brother:
"I went to a distance, my life and death are uncertain, and I will no longer communicate with my home in the future."
soon happened. Due to the traitor's informing, the Yangtze River Bureau was attacked by the enemy. Some underground party members were unfortunately arrested. The underground party members who were not arrested but had been exposed also need to evacuate quickly. For a time, the operation of the Yangtze River Bureau and the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee fell to a standstill.
At this time, Zhu Rui was ordered to preside over the work of the Yangtze River Bureau and the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee.
In critical moments, Zhu Rui remained calm in the face of danger and responded calmly. While quickly restoring the operation of the Yangtze River Bureau and the Wuhan Municipal Party Committee, he organized secret party members and united front targets to evacuate in batches in an orderly manner. Under his leadership, our party survived the crisis with minimal losses.
switched to Soviet area and led troops to fight
In December 1931, Zhu Rui was ordered to be transferred to the Central Soviet Area and served as the section chief of the General Command of the Chinese Workers and Peasants' Red Army. Soon he served as the political commissar of the Fifth Army training team, the instructor of the Red Army school, and the political commissar of the 15th Red Army.
In June of this year, Zhu Rui was transferred to the position of political commissar of the Third Army of the Red Fifth Army. At this time, Zhu Rui showed outstanding command ability and commanded the troops many times to defeat the Kuomintang reactionaries and flee in a panic.
August 15, Zhu Rui led Red Third Army to attack Le'an County. In Le'an, under the resistance of the enemy's aircraft and cannons, Zhu Rui led the way, personally went to the front line, organized troops to attack. Finally, under the heroic battle of the soldiers, our army successfully captured Le'an County and captured more than 3,000 people below the enemy brigade and regiment commander alive.
Immediately, Zhu Rui led his troops to pursue the victory and directly seized Yihuang , capturing more than 1,700 enemies. Gao Shuxun, the commander of the 27th Division of the enemy, led his troops to abandon the city and fled.
Then, the Red Army rushed to the border of Fujian and Jiangxi with the power of victory, and opened up a large number of revolutionary bases in Lichuan , Jianning, Guangze , etc., greatly strengthening the revolutionary power of our party.
In December 1932, Zhu Rui, who had outstanding military achievements, was transferred to the position of political commissar of Red Fifth Army .
When there was no war, Zhu Rui fully utilized his advantages in political work and often went deep into the grassroots to listen to the opinions of cadres and soldiers.
After the cadres and soldiers put forward their opinions, they will take it seriously and actively seek solutions, making the troops very cohesive, united, and combat-oriented.
In 1933, Chiang Kai-shek, who was unwilling to fail, mobilized 500,000 heavy troops to launch the fourth "encirclement and suppression" on the Central Soviet Area, divided the troops into three groups, and attempted to jointly attack the main force of the Red Army on the front line of Nanfeng and Guangchang .
The Party Central Committee responded quickly to the enemy's three-way attack. Zhu Rui was ordered to lead his troops to set up an ambush in Huangpi , ambushing the enemy 52nd and 59th Divisions who were intending to meet with the enemy 11th Division heading south from Yihuang. In this battle, Zhu Rui's troops won a great victory and wiped out the enemy 59th Division.
After the victory of the Huangpi ambush, Zhu Rui quickly led his troops to block the enemy's 9th Division in Caotaigang, annihilated an enemy battalion, and strongly cooperated with the Red 11th Division to encircle and annihilate the enemy's 11th Division.
shocked Shandong, killing bandits to serve the country,
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the Party Central Committee appointed Zhu Rui as Secretary of the Military Commission of the Northern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee, and immediately transferred to the position of director of the Liaison Office of the Commander-General of the Eighth Route Army in the First War Zone to carry out united front work. At the same time, it was responsible for restoring and rectifying the CPC's Direct South and Northern Henan Special Committees, and created anti-Japanese guerrillas in the Shanxi-Hebei Border Region, Taihang South District and other places, creating conditions for establishing Shanxi-Hebei-Hebei Anti-Japanese Base Area .
Soon, in order to strengthen our party's anti-Japanese forces, Zhu Rui founded the North China Military and Political Cadre School in Lingchuan County, southeastern Shanxi, which specially recruited exiled students and progressive young people in southern Shanxi, , southeastern Shanxi, , north Henan, and southern Hebei, and provided them with short-term military and political training.
1938, Zhu Rui founded the Eighth Route Army Military and Political Cadre School in Jincheng, Shanxi Province.
North China Military and Political Cadre School and Eighth Route Army Jinnan Military and Political Cadre School have successively trained more than 2,500 cadres for our party, becoming an important force for our party to persist in the war of resistance behind enemy lines in North China.
In October 1939, in order to strengthen the leadership of the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines in Shandong, the Party Central Committee and the Eighth Route Army Headquarters decided to organize the headquarters of the First Column of the Eighth Route Army, with Xu Xiangqian as commander and Zhu Rui as political commissar, went to Shandong to unify the army led by the Party in the Su (North) Shandong region and develop anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare.
Soon after, the Party Central Committee established Shandong Military and Political Committee and reorganized the Shandong Branch of the Communist Party of China. Zhu Rui also served as secretary of Military and Political Committee and secretary of the branch, and unified the leadership of the party, government and military work in Shandong.
As soon as Zhu Rui arrived in Shandong, he encountered the Japanese army launching the first "big sweep".
When the enemy is strong and we are weak, Zhu Rui quickly took measures to respond based on various factors such as environment and military strength, namely, to avoid head-on battles with the Japanese invaders and mobilize the revolutionary masses to carry out decentralized guerrilla wars.
Under Zhu Rui's leadership, our army avoided the main attack of the Japanese army many times, and used tactics of combining internal and external lines to attack the weak points of the Japanese army and dealt severe damage to the enemy, and then shattered the Japanese army's summer "sweeping" in a very short time.
Zhu Rui did not disappoint the Party Central Committee’s trust in him.During his administration in Shandong, Zhu Rui fully demonstrated his talents. On the one hand, he led his troops to fight tenaciously with the Japanese army, and on the other hand, he fought against the Kuomintang diehards who were hiding evil intentions. At the same time, he was actively trying to win the support of the Shandong people and patriotic and progressive people for our party.
With his efforts, our party gradually gained an advantage in Shandong. Not only did it repel the attacks of the Japanese and Kuomintang diehards many times, it also opened up ten bases including Lunnan , Shandong Central , Shandong Central Hishan border, Qinghe , Jiadong , Binhai, and established a democratic regime with eight specialized agencies and 79 counties, making Shandong an important strategic base for adhering to the war of resistance behind enemy lines in North China.
formed artillery and sacrificed heroically in June 1945, Zhu Rui, who knew that our army urgently needed to cultivate a large number of artillery talents, reported to the organization the preliminary idea of our army's artillery construction. Later, after research by the Party Central Committee, Zhu Rui was appointed as the first artillery school just established by our army -
Yan'an Artillery School Acting Principal.
Since then, Zhu Rui has devoted himself to artillery construction.
After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Zhu Rui followed the instructions of the Party Central Committee and led the artillery school as a whole to the Northeast. Before leaving, the Party Central Committee instructed him not only to build artillery schools, but also to create Northeast artillery and help other regions build artillery.
Although all departments in the Northeast had artillery , there was no established artillery force, and there was a serious lack of artillery talents. Therefore, Zhu Rui went to the Northeast from scratch, which shows how difficulties he faced.
As soon as Zhu Rui arrived in the Northeast, he encountered a very serious problem, that is, there were no artillery, and the Kuomintang army had already shown signs that it would launch a full-scale attack on the Northeast.
Faced with the complex and chaotic situation, Zhu Rui did not panic or retreat, and was calm.
On the one hand, he used his relationship with the Soviet Union to look for artillery in the Soviet Red Army; on the other hand, he proposed the policy of "dispersing cadres, collecting weapons, developing troops, and establishing family business" based on the situation in the Northeast, and sent people to search for artillery left by the Japanese army, but even the mountains were steep.
In less than half a year since then, from Suifenhe in the east, to Manzhouli in the west, to Changchun in the south, to Hulin in the north, and to Aihui, whether it is towns and villages, or deep mountains and swamps, the footprints of teachers and students in the artillery school were left behind in the vast areas of Aihui, whether it is towns and villages, or in the deep mountains and swamps, where the Japanese army stationed, they left the footprints of teachers and students in the artillery school.
In the efforts of Zhu Ruihe Artillery School, in less than half a year, a total of 798 artillery pieces were collected:
artillery pieces (49 Cannon howitzers, 97 field artillery pieces, 108 mountain artillery pieces, infantry artillery pieces, about 300 mortar artillery pieces, 137 artillery pieces for anti-aircraft machine guns and aircraft), more than 600,000 ammunition, 365 tank and tractors, 22 cars, and a large number of artillery parts and various equipment.
Relying on these weapons and equipment, Zhu Rui completed the initial formation of the Northeast Artillery, forming 6 Type B Artillery Regiments (understanding 2 battalions), 4 Type C Regiments (understanding 3 to 4 companies), 6 Artillery Battalions (understanding 2 to 3 companies), and 22 independent artillery companies, totaling 80 artillery companies. In addition, Zhu Rui also formed an anti-aircraft artillery brigade, a tank brigade (2 tank companies under its jurisdiction) and a repair shop.
Northeast artillery was able to be established and shine in the subsequent Liaoshen Battle , Zhu Rui made an indelible contribution.
As the famous writer Zhang Fuquan said in the book "General Zhu Rui":
"With his rich leadership experience and outstanding organizational skills, Zhu Rui made every effort to ensure the implementation of the orders, allowing the Northeast artillery to develop in an all-round way. By the time of the Liaoshen Campaign in August 1948, a total of 16 artillery regiments, , two anti-aircraft artillery regiments and dozens of divisions belonging to mountain artillery battalions. It has more than 4,000 artillery pieces of various types."
With the joint efforts of Zhu Rui and the teachers and students of the artillery school, the Northeast artillery developed rapidly from nothing to something, from small to large.
It can be said that Zhu Rui is the father of Northeast artillery.
However, unfortunately, in October 1948, in the battle to capture Yi County, in order to understand the performance of the American artillery used by our army for the first time, Zhu Rui walked out of the command post. Unfortunately, he hit a thunder on the way and died heroically at the age of 43.
On October 3, the Party Central Committee sent a condolence message, giving high praise: "Comrade Zhu Rui made outstanding achievements in the artillery construction of the People's Liberation Army of China. His sacrifice today is a huge loss to the cause of the Chinese people's liberation."
Heroes will always be there, and the spirit will last forever!
