In November 1950, the 38th Army and the 42nd Army of the Chinese People's Volunteers and the "United Nations Army" clashed again in the Tokugawa area of North Korea. This battle volunteer army fought to show national power and military power.
After several days of fierce fighting between the two sides, the commander of the "United Nations Army" MacArthur was "sealed" as the "Captain of Transportation Brigade" of the Volunteer Army; the Korean Army's 2nd Army was completely destroyed; the volunteer army's shortage of supplies was alleviated.
I will not offend anyone unless they attack me.
After the 1st U.S. Cavalry Division suffered a heavy loss from the volunteers in Yunshan, people all over the world knew that in order to protect the country's security, China has sent a large number of troops to North Korea to participate in the war.
However, the "United Nations Army" commander MacArthur, who represents the interests of the United States, is still deceiving himself and constantly telling his soldiers that the Chinese army will fight in the border area between China and North Korea at most. The "United Nations Army" can end the war before Christmas. Soldiers We can go home.
says so, but secretly does not do it. On November 9, the U.S. government authorized United Nations Commander MacArthur to bomb all bridges on the Yalu River and all facilities on the Chinese side of the Yalu River.
This move of the US military is to amplify the situation, to stimulate China to continue to increase the scale of sending troops, and then to eat the main force of the volunteers in the depths of the Korean battlefield, in order to show its hegemony to the world.
On November 10, MacArthur ordered the US 25th Division stationed in Seoul , the Turkish Brigade, and the British 29th Brigade, which had just arrived on the Korean battlefield, to rush to the western front battlefield, and the US 3rd Division, which had just arrived in North Korea, to rush to the eastern front battlefield.
At this point, the "United Nations Army" led by the United States has 13 divisions plus 3 brigades and 1 paratrooper regiment on the front line of the Korean battlefield, with a total strength of approximately 220,000. As for the Air Force, two new regiments were added, with a total of more than 1,200 combat aircraft. MacArthur was mobilizing troops and generals, and the war was imminent.
Peng Dehuai, commander of the Volunteer Army, is certain that the "United Nations Army" will inevitably launch a new attack in a short period of time, and it is obviously aimed at the main force of the Volunteer Army. To this end, a combat plan to lure the enemy deeper was submitted to the Central Military Commission.
Before the Central Military Commission could respond, MacArthur took action. Starting from the morning of the 11th, the "United Nations Army" frequently dispatched aircraft formations to bomb all ferries and bridges on both sides of the Yalu River in an attempt to prevent China from continuing to send more troops to the Korean battlefield.
At the same time, the U.S. 8th Army in the forward position on the western front moved north along the Qingchuan River . The U.S. 1st Army on the Eastern Front advanced westward in the area around Changjin Lake . After the two armies met in Wupingli, they quickly advanced to the south bank of the Yalu River in an attempt to control the entire Korean battlefield before the river froze.
The "United Nations Army" relied on its land and air superiority to adopt a front-line push northward tactic. The intention was very obvious. The more than 200,000 volunteers who were the first to enter North Korea to participate in the war were in danger. First of all, all the bridges and ships crossing the river were lost to U.S. air strikes, the retreat route of the Volunteer Army was cut off, and U.S. military planes implemented blockades over the Yalu River day and night. To put it bluntly, the Volunteer Army was fighting with its last stand and had no way to retreat.
Secondly, "United Nations Army" Commander MacArthur demanded that the battle end before the river froze, which meant that the "United Nations Army" led by the United States spent a lot of money.
Chairman Mao of Wen Tao Military Strategy analyzed the Korean war situation in detail, and immediately approved Peng Dehuai's plan to lure the enemy deeper into the country; and instructed the commander of the Volunteer Army Peng Dehuai: The Volunteer Army units on the front line must set Tokchuan and Yongbyon as the rear area to prevent The enemy troops continued to move north, and then made full use of the terrain advantages to drive the enemy back to the area from Pyongyang to Wonsan .
plays a full set. In order to allow Peng Dehuai's combat plan to be implemented smoothly, Chairman Mao immediately instructed During the battle, more than 6,000 enemies were wiped out and a large area of territory was recovered.
Chairman Mao's decision-making is very wise. Disclosing the battle situation in the name of the Korean People's Army can make the outside world think that the Korean People's Army is the main force and the Chinese Volunteer Army will not have too many troops, which can paralyze the enemy.
Sure enough, MacArthur pointed out in a combat meeting shortly afterwards that China's participating troops were only between 60,000 and 70,000. As long as the "United Nations Army" advances northward with absolute strength, the Chinese army will be defeated, and then the remaining troops will be annihilated in one fell swoop. of the North Korean army, the war could end.
Considering that the "United Nations Army" has advanced weapons and equipment and a very strong battlefield penetration capability, the volunteers are short of supplies and their troops are expensive and fast. Therefore, Chairman Mao instructed all departments of the Volunteer Army on November 12 to start implementing the plan to lure the enemy deep into the country. At the same time, the follow-up troops were constantly urged to find ways to enter North Korea and participate in the war. As of the afternoon of the 12th, the number of volunteer troops arriving on the Korean battlefield had reached approximately 380,000 troops from nine corps.
In order to implement the entire combat plan smoothly, Chairman Mao also suggested that the 42nd Army of the Volunteer Army should detach 2 battalions of troops and jointly form a guerrilla force behind enemy lines with a regiment of the Korean People's Army, so that the enemy would think that our main force on the battlefield is the Korean people. military.
The guerrilla force behind enemy lines had just been established, and its combat units immediately rushed to Mengshan, Yangde, Chengchuan and other places to carry out tasks such as bombing bridges and harassing people, and to gather the People's Army soldiers trapped behind enemy lines.
When various units of the "United Nations Army" encountered harassment by a small group of guerrillas at the same time, they believed that the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces were making a final struggle, and instead became more arrogant.
html At noon on the 113th, about one battalion of infantry from the "United Nations Army", under the cover of aircraft, was conducting a tentative attack on the Tokugawa area.
The commander of the Volunteer Army, Peng Dehuai, could have eaten this enemy in one bite. However, in order to take the overall situation into consideration, he ordered the guerrillas behind enemy lines to send a company of troops to stop the enemy. He ordered the main force of the Volunteer Army to retreat proactively, prohibiting fighting, and when necessary, abandon some supplies along the way.
After the "United Nations Army" reconnaissance force discovered the large-scale retreat of the volunteers, they were very excited. They even flew over the battlefield in a special plane to supervise the battle, and declared to the media of various countries through the radio: This is the final offensive.
The large-scale retreat of the volunteers will indeed not surprise anyone. After all, the "United Nations Army" headed by the United States is an army with the most advanced weapons and equipment and rich combat operations. The Volunteer Army is just an army force that lacks weapons and ammunition. It is difficult for flesh and blood to compete with aircraft, artillery, tanks, and .
html On the 121st, the main force of the western front of the "United Nations Army" had arrived in the Tokugawa area, and its main force of the eastern front had set up camp in the Changjin Lake area. Its leading force, the US 7th Division, even went to the Yalu River without encountering any resistance.
But MacArthur did not know that all the units of the "United Nations Army" under his command relied heavily on mechanized marches. The ground troops mainly went north along the roads and railways, and did not set foot in the mountains and jungles far away from the roads. Volunteers marched at night and hid in the mountains and jungles far away from the road during the day. Along the way, small groups of troops kept crossing in opposite directions, setting up dragnets along the way.
MacArthur became the "Transportation Captain" of the Volunteer Army
html At dawn on the 122nd, the Volunteer Army's 50th Army, 66th Army, 39th Army, 42nd Army and 38th Army on the Western Front were secretly in Dingzhou , Germany under the nose of the "United Nations Army" reconnaissance force. Gather in the Sichuan area. More than 100,000 people from the 9th Corps on the Eastern Front also quietly arrived in the Changjin Lake area.
html On the 124th, MacArthur flew over the Yalu River. No main force of volunteers was found along the way, so he arrogantly declared: As long as the soldiers of the "United Nations Army" drive the defeated remnants of the Chinese and North Korean coalition forces to the Yalu River, everyone can go home for Christmas. At this time, the U.S. government also believed that victory was in hand and even prepared to hold a celebration banquet for MacArthur.
Originally, the east and west fronts of the "United Nations Army" maintained a front-line push northward posture. However, due to their eagerness to win, the US troops on the western front accelerated their marching speed, leaving the Korean 2nd Army far behind. The left and right wings of the 7th and 8th Divisions under the South Korean 2nd Army were exposed, while the 6th Division under the South Korean Army was scattered.
In response, Commander Peng Dehuai of the Volunteer Army ordered the 9th Corps on the Eastern Front to block the enemy in the Changjin Lake area, the 38th Army and the 42nd Army on the Western Front to encircle and annihilate the Korean 2nd Corps, and the other three corps on the Western Front to mainly perform containment operations.
This time, Peng Dehuai’s main goal is to annihilate the 2nd Army Corps of the Korean Army, because this corps has advanced weapons and equipment and sufficient ammunition, but its combat effectiveness is relatively poor. By eating this corps, it can effectively alleviate the lack of weapons and ammunition for the frontline volunteer soldiers. Lay the foundation for greater success in the future.
html On the 125th, the Tokugawa siege and annihilation campaign officially started. The 42nd Army of the Volunteer Army was like a magic weapon descending from the sky, besieging the lone 8th Division of the 2nd Army of the Korean Army in the area north of the Chongchuan River. The 8th Division of the Korean Army was organized according to the standards of an American infantry division, but the soldiers in this division shivered when they heard the sound of gunfire. The 42nd Army ate up most of the division's troops without much effort, and then exchanged shotguns for cannons. Made a fortune.
For a time, the entire Western Front battlefield was filled with volunteer soldiers. Not only the soldiers of the Korean Army's 2nd Army were frightened, but even the US Army's Western Front troops with air force cover could not figure out how many volunteer troops were around. troops.
In short, as long as American soldiers dare to show their heads within the rifle range, they will inexplicably become the target of the gun. When the US military organized an infantry tank formation to launch a counterattack, the formation that dared to be at the front of the team was suddenly eaten up by the volunteer army's light firepower.
The remnants of the Korean 2nd Corps, which had no combat experience, were no match for the volunteers. Under siege from all sides, the soldiers did not even have the courage to shoot, and most of them just sat back and waited to be killed. At dawn on the 26th, the headquarters of the Korean Army's 8th Division and the remainder of its 16th Regiment panicked and fled northward. Soon, most of the Korean 7th and 6th Divisions were also annihilated by the 42nd Volunteer Army.
During the battle, the 38th Army was not very "powerful" and failed to complete the task of interspersing and blocking the enemy's southward escape on time. For this, Army Commander Liang Xingchu was severely criticized.
But throughout the Tokugawa battle, the 38th Army and the 42nd Army annihilated the 2nd Army of the Korean Army and seized weapons and equipment and a large amount of ammunition that could prepare an army. MacArthur became the "Transportation Captain" of the Volunteer Army.
All Americans were shocked when they learned that more than 50,000 people from the Korean Second Army Corps, who were behind the U.S. Army, would be eaten by Chinese volunteers in less than 24 hours. At this point, a huge gap appeared on the east and west fronts of the "United Nations Army", and the left and right sides could not look at each other.
After the Volunteer Army's Western Front troops seized a large number of American weapons and equipment from the South Korean Army's 2nd Army, they quickly seized key areas and attacked the "United Nations Army" Western Front troops from the north and south with the strength of five armies.
MacArthur was severely slapped in the face. Not only did his soldiers fail to go home for the holidays before Christmas, but they also suffered heavy losses. During the First Battle of Tokugawa, the 42nd Army and the 38th Army of the Volunteer Army successfully completed their combat missions, laying the foundation for the second battle.
In this battle, under the leadership of the great Chairman Mao, the Volunteer Army made full use of strategies to defeat the enemy when we were weak and the enemy was strong. They realized the strategic thinking of "take from the enemy and use it to the enemy" and taught a severe lesson. hegemony led by the United States.
Reference materials:
[1] Zhang Sheqing, Li Tao: Classic examples of the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea [M] Chinese Literature and History Publishing House, 2015: 80-127
[2] Liu Xiyuan: The Thirty-Eighth Army and I in North Korea (Part 2)[J]. Centennial Tide, 2001(1): 7
[3] Written by Liu Liang: Reversing the Tide: Volunteer Army Launches the Second Battle[M] Blue Sky Publishing House, 2014
