"Military and Military Sub-Plane" Author: Da Ivan
Beijing time on June 28, the Russian-Ukrainian military conflict began for 124 days.
Yesterday: The 90th Tank Division of the Russian Army and the 6th Cossack Motorized Rifle Regiment of the Luhansk People's Army, after basically clearing the fortification areas of Zelet and Gorskoye, officially launched a large-scale attack on Kamyanka. By the end of the war, it was said that Russian troops had occupied two settlements east of Upper Kamyanka, and the fighting had taken place in the area of the Upper Kamyanka oil refinery, which made it possible for the Ukrainian army to escape from Lischichansk. The passage is almost closed.
According to the video tracked and shot by BBC, AFP and other reporters, a Ukrainian army unit was attacked by Russian artillery when it tried to escape from Lisichansk to Seversk through Upper Kamyanka. Boom. The flying shrapnel caused tragic casualties to the Ukrainian army, which had almost no armor and equipment. The remaining Ukrainian army had no time to rescue the wounded and could only scatter and escape. This means that the Ukrainian army's heavy troop deployment in the Severodonetsk urban agglomeration has reached its final moment.
03 Various rumors about the "Fujian Ship"
After briefly introducing the ongoing Lisichansk siege and annihilation battle, our eyes still have to return to the country. Recently, with the launch of the Type 003 aircraft carrier, many military fans have become more discerning.
After all, on the one hand: the Type 003 aircraft carrier is probably the most advanced and most combat-effective large surface ship independently built in East Asia. It is not an exaggeration to say that it is the pride of Asians;
"Fujian" and "Ford" No. 003 aircraft carrier, its appearance is really beautiful, especially its island design and integrated radio frequency system. Big Ivan feels that the "Fujian" aircraft carrier can be compared with the American "Ford".
French media analysts believe that the Chinese Navy's "Fujian" ship will have a full load displacement of nearly 100,000 tons after completion of outfitting, and the number of carrier-based aircraft can reach up to 85.
In short, various rumors about the performance of the "Fujian" ship have been buzzing on the Internet recently, and the more they spread, the more mysterious they feel:
For example, on the conventional displacement of the "Fujian" ship, the CCTV channel announced that it is "80,000. "More than 90,000 tons" was quickly promoted on the Internet to "close to 90,000 tons", and then it skyrocketed, from 90,000 tons to 100,000 tons, and the latest data also became 120,000 tons. It was thought that we were "deliberately concealing it" Partial tonnage" (IJN's sense of sight);
Comparison between the Shandong ship, the Fujian ship and the Ford
For example, in terms of the carrier-based aircraft carrying capacity and aviation operation capabilities of the "Fujian" ship, it has also been "from the very beginning" "Better than the 'Shandong' ship" later became "equal to the 'Nimitz'". The latest statement now is that the "Fujian" ship's carrier-based aircraft carrying performance and comprehensive aviation operation capabilities have been equal to the "Ford" ” aircraft carrier.
In addition to rumors such as the tonnage of the ship and the operational capabilities of the carrier-based aircraft, the rumors that are currently the most widely circulated, or that have been circulating since the Type 003 aircraft carrier was first unveiled, are the rumors about the "Fujian" ship power unit. It is said that the reason why the "Fujian" aircraft carrier did not explain its power pack when it was publicly unveiled is because the ship uses a very special power pack, which is the so-called "nuclear combustion combined power pack."
People who hold this view believe that the "Fujian" aircraft carrier is equipped with two sets of hosts, one of which is the nuclear reactor , and the other is the gas turbine . The two systems work together to drive the aircraft carrier. Some Internet celebrities I also chose to accept this statement.There are also some non-mainstream views that the "Fujian" ship uses nuclear-steam combined power, or nuclear-combustion-steam combined power. Anyway, it remains the same. The key point is that the "Fujian" must be equipped with a nuclear reactor power system. Is the claim of
"hybrid" 003 reliable?
So, the so-called "Fujian" aircraft carrier uses a "nuclear combustion combined power unit", or a "nuclear combustion combined power unit" or even a "nuclear combustion combined steam power unit". Is this statement reliable?
"Nuclear-steam combined power unit"
Well, it would be strange if it was reliable. Let's first talk about the so-called "nuclear-steam combined power unit" with the lowest possibility. Let's talk about it: this "nuclear-steam combined power unit" Just four words, look for trouble!
The end of science cannot be separated from boiling water
It is very simple. The current propulsion method of nuclear-powered ships is all the nuclear energy generated by reactor core nuclear fission, which enters the steam generator to produce superheated steam , and then The primary circuit is then used to heat the secondary circuit, causing the secondary circuit to generate steam, which enters the steam turbine to perform mechanical work and becomes mechanical energy.
This power generation method is actually similar to the conventionally powered steam turbine . They both use steam to drive the steam turbine to generate mechanical energy to drive the ship's transmission shaft. In this case, what benefits do these two "somewhat similar" systems have, apart from just increasing the complexity of the ship's power system? Big Ivan couldn't see it anyway.
Judging from the combat ships developed in history, only the Soviet Red Navy actually used this integrated nuclear power and steam turbine power unit on the Type 1144 nuclear-powered cruiser. However, the power unit of the 1144 is not a combination of nuclear power and steam power. According to authoritative research by relevant experts, the main engine of the 1144 nuclear-powered cruiser uses two КН-3 pressurized water reactors and matching steam generators. , in addition, it is also equipped with two КВГ-2 backup oil-fired boilers.
It is worth noting that the reactor and boiler of the 144 cruiser are not used to supplement the lack of high-pressure steam as the West speculated, but are simply used as backup power in the event that both nuclear reactors fail. Use steam turbines to ensure that the ship is in a self-propelled state. It is said that these two КВГ-2 boilers alone are enough for the Type 1144 cruiser to sail about 1,000 nautical miles at a speed of 14 knots.
Therefore, through the above analysis, we can find that currently no surface combat ship has ever used the bizarre "nuclear steam combined power unit." Almost all combat ships that use nuclear reactors or steam turbines as main engines only use one of these two types of power as the main engine, and do not use them at the same time.
"Nuclear Combustion Combined Power Pack"
So, the possibility that the "Fujian" ship will use a "nuclear steam combined power pack" is very low. What about the possibility of a "nuclear combustion combined power pack"?
uses "alternating firewood and combustion" 052D
Big Ivan thinks this possibility is almost impossible! After all, as long as it is a combined power unit, it will face the problem of which type of power unit serves as the main engine and which type of power unit serves as the auxiliary engine. For example, the common diesel-fired combined or diesel-fired alternating power unit: two smaller-power diesel engines serve as cruise hosts and are started when the ship is in idle state; when the ship needs to accelerate or is in high-speed sprinting state, the two power groups are combined. Car or clutch, use high-power power pack to accelerate.
The A1B reactor used by the Ford-class
If the aircraft carrier's power group uses gas turbine and nuclear power as combined power, which type of power group will be the main one is a very troublesome thing: if nuclear power is used as the acceleration host, and the gas turbine is used as the cruise The main engine, that is, the gas turbine cruises and the nuclear power accelerates. This is technically putting the cart before the horse. The acceleration of gas turbines is better than that of nuclear power, but the fuel consumption of gas turbines is about twice that of steam turbines. This performance makes gas turbines almost naturally unsuitable for use as cruise hosts, otherwise the fuel consumption of the aircraft carrier So I went to my grandma's house.
Judging from the technical performance of the nuclear power unit, the power adjustment performance of nuclear power is very good, and it can achieve seamless conversion from lower power to higher power. In other words, a nuclear-powered steam generator plus a steam turbine main engine alone is enough to handle all ship operating conditions from low-speed cruising to high-speed sprinting. In this case, what is the need to add a set of gas turbine main engines for low-speed cruising? Therefore, nuclear power acceleration and gas turbine cruising do not make sense in terms of technical principles.
What if nuclear power is used as the cruise host and gas turbine is used as the acceleration host? That makes even more sense. It means that the main power system of the "Fujian" aircraft carrier is actually based on gas turbines. The power of the gas turbine power unit is higher than that of the nuclear power unit. This is simply ridiculous. Although the gas turbine power unit has the advantages of good acceleration performance and fast starting speed, the gas turbine has very high requirements for air intake and exhaust volume.
Regarding the air intake volume of the gas turbine unit, since the gas turbine actually uses the core technology of the jet engine, there is a huge demand for air flow. Therefore, ships equipped with gas turbines are equipped with huge air intake windows, which makes it impossible for aircraft carriers using gas turbines to have a small ship island. At the same time, since the exhaust pressure of the gas turbine is relatively small, when designing the gas turbine exhaust duct, it must be ensured to be vertical or as tilted upward as possible.
The newly launched "Vikrant" aircraft carrier of the Indian Navy has a huge island.
The main cabin of the aircraft carrier is located at the bottom of the hull. Ensuring that the gas turbine can exhaust smoke smoothly is a huge problem in itself. Forget it if it is a small aircraft carrier like the "Vikrant". For a large aircraft carrier with a total hull width of more than 70 meters, the gas turbine exhaust duct must extend 30 meters in the horizontal direction. It is just like a joke.
03 Power Pack Conjecture
Therefore, from the experience of aircraft carrier power pack design, both the United States and the Soviet Union will try to be conservative and reliable in the design of aircraft carrier power packs, and will not make the aircraft carrier's power pack extremely complex. , the extent to which multiple power sets are put on the ship at the same time.
For example, the United States has always insisted on using atmospheric pressure boiler as the main engine in the power unit design of conventionally powered aircraft carriers. However, on nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, there is no mention of adding several sets of gas turbines as auxiliary engines to build a nuclear- and conventional-powered aircraft carrier. The aircraft carrier came out. The same is true for the Soviet Union. In all aircraft carrier designs, they have adopted highly reliable pressurized boiler and steam turbine designs. Only on the Type 1144 cruiser, an unreliable nuclear reactor and backup boiler design was used.
Pressurized boiler removed from the "Kuznetsov" aircraft carrier
However, as we said before, this non-mainstream design is essentially because the Soviet Union is not confident about its own nuclear reactor design, so it was added A set of steam turbines as a backup, not a combined nuclear reactor and steam power. This approach of "the performance of the main power unit is unreliable and relies on the backup power unit" is contrary to the overall design idea of the aircraft carrier power unit.As a country that already has relatively sufficient experience in aircraft carrier design, our country will never adopt this "make do" strategy to design.
03 Power System Conjecture
Therefore, Da Ivan’s point of view is very clear: the power set of the "Fujian" aircraft carrier will not be much different from the "Liaoning" ship and the "Shandong" ship. It is also an increase in power. Pressure boiler and steam turbine power. The Chinese Navy's nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is still on the way and has not arrived yet.
