tree moves to death, people move to live
Brazil is the country with the largest Japanese population except Japan and the United States. Japanese people account for about 1% of Brazil's total population. The Brazilian girl in the picture is the descendant of Japanese
"immigrant nation" is an extremely unique nation formed through large-scale population migration of .
Chen Chong, a Chinese-American actress, and his representative work "The Last Emperor"
The typical immigrant ethnic group in the world include British South Asian, German Turkish , American Chinese, and there is also an extremely special group, that is, Brazilian Japanese . The reason why it is special is that Japan and Brazil are in the northern hemisphere and the other is in the southern hemisphere, thousands of miles apart, and Brazil's economic level is not as good as Japan. It is obviously contrary to common sense for Japanese immigrants to Brazil.
Sibel Kekili, Turkish-German actress
"Immigration" seems to sound high-end today, but in history it means bitterness and blood and tears. has had three large-scale population migrations in modern Chinese history, namely going to the west entrance , going to the Guandong and hiking to the Nanyang . Among them, going to the Nanyang is the most legendary, and hiking to a foreign country is often a life-threatening life.
In the late Qing Dynasty, there was a craze for immigrating to Southeast Asia in Fujian, Guangdong and Hainan, with millions of people, known as "Going to Southeast Asia" in history,
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, immigration was a thing that required courage. At that time, the transportation was inconvenient and the news was blocked. If you set off on a train or ship to a foreign land, it would mean that life and death were uncertain. may die in a foreign land or achieve success or fame.
Map of the eleven countries in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is the "South Ocean" in the traditional Chinese concept
The most well-known immigrants in Chinese history should be " Going to Southeast Asia" (immigrating to Southeast Asia) . Japan, which is surrounded by China, has also had a "surging" immigration wave. The reasons for modern immigration are nothing more than two points: : First, the bankruptcy of a large population caused by the intensification of human-land contradictions, and second, the social unrest caused by war or natural disasters.
To put it simply, in order not to starve to death, can only go out to ask for food and eat . In the late Qing Dynasty, the invasion of Western powers led to the collapse of China's small peasant economy of "one acre and three parts of land" and the contradiction between people and land became increasingly serious. A large number of farmers without land or less land went bankrupt. In order to seek a way to survive, some of them (mainly Fujian and Guangdong) embarked on the ferry for immigration.
Chinese Museum located in Penang, Malaysia
As the saying goes, "Tree moves to die, people move to live" .
China's modernization is passive, while Japan's modernization is active. , like the Chinese, has also had several large-scale population migrations in modern times, with the main destinations being Southeast Asia, the United States and Brazil .
Japan has always been a country with very serious conflicts between people and places in history. At present, Japan's population is about 125 million, and the area is about 378,000 8 square kilometers. The population density is far exceeding the world average, which is destined to relieve the domestic population pressure through war of aggression or immigration.
The main destinations of modern Chinese immigrants are the undeveloped Southeast Asia and the vast and sparsely populated United States . Japan, which has a huge population, also exported millions of immigrants to Southeast Asia and the United States, but unlike the Chinese who are busy exploring Southeast Asia and passing Kingsoft, Japanese are also very interested in South America far away.
South American countries diagram.South America has an area of more than 17.8 million square kilometers, with 12 independent countries and 1 French colony (Guyana), with a population of about 400 million
According to data from the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Brazilian State Immigration Bureau, Brazil has a total of about 52 million Japanese population, accounting for about 1% of Brazil's total population. This South America travels to Brazil, which is "100,800 miles apart" from Japan, is actually the country with the largest Japanese population on the earth except Japan. Sometimes, history is incredible.
Lisa Ono, born in Sao Paulo, Brazil, is a Brazilian Japanese musician. She has returned to her Japanese nationality.
If you like jazz , you will definitely know the name of Lisa Ono . Listen to the name, this is a serious Japanese. It is true. Lisa Ono is indeed a Japanese, but she is also an authentic Brazilian Japanese . She was born in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The reason why she embarked on the music path is because she likes Brazilian jazz since she was a child.
Brazilian administrative division. Brazil is the country with the largest territory, the largest population and the largest GDP in South America. It is also one of the members of the BRICS countries. Brazil and Japan are separated from the entire Pacific , with a straight line distance of more than 17,000 kilometers. It can be said that it is on the other end of the earth. However, the Japanese have a unique emotion towards Brazil. Among the Japanese people, there is even a saying that Brazil is called "the second hometown of the Japanese" . Some people joked: "If Japan sinks, we will all immigrate to Brazil."
TV series "The Letter of Spring and Summer" produced by Japanese NHK in 2005 is a TV series with Japanese immigrating to Brazil as the background of the story
First arrived in Brazil: a thousand miles away, a thousand miles away
The story starts with the " Meiji Restoration" that influenced Japan's national destiny. The Meiji Restoration began in 1868 and lasted until the 1890s. It was a modernization movement with a profound impact on Japan. Compared with the Qing government's "non-community" , its influence and role were more positive and far-reaching.
Japanese new army during the Meiji Restoration Period. During the Meiji Restoration, Japan almost copied the Western experience, but retained a lot of feudal dregs
After seeing the strength of the West, Japan began to fully westernize and wanted to leave Asia and Europe . During the Meiji Restoration period, Japan built modern equipment such as roads, railways, hospitals, schools, factories, etc. Reform the political and economic system, establish education, and form a new army. Japan has almost been completely renewed in just a few decades.
. To reform and industrialization, it will cost money, but where does the money come from?
Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan was at best a backward agricultural country, and its financial resources were even far less than those of the Qing government. In order to raise funds, the Japanese ruling class targeted the farmers. Behind Japan's prosperity is the price of farmers' blood and tears, that is, "land privatization issue" . The Meiji Restoration was successful, largely because of depriving farmers of their property and land.
Japanese farmers
Before the Meiji Restoration, the population of Japan was about 30 million to 40 million, with farmers accounting for 80%. The vast majority of the population lives in closed and dark rural areas.
The most important thing about the Meiji Restoration is to realize industrialization (Industrialize), and industrialization requires a lot of capital and workers, and farmers are the fish on the "cutting board". The West completed the original accumulation of capital through colonial plunder, while Japan chose to complete the accumulation of by plundering the wealth of farmers. The Japanese government has liberalized the "free land transaction". In just over a decade, most of the land in Japan has been merged by emerging Japanese chaebols and old nobles with strong financial resources. The private ownership rate of land once exceeded 70%.
Kito Takayun, Saigo Takamori and Okupo Ritsu are all senior government officials. Because they drafted and led a number of reform affairs, they are known as the "Three Masters of Meiji Restoration"
Lenin said: "When farmers are free, it must be because they have nothing." . Like modern China, a large number of Japanese farmers who lost their land could only go to cities to make a living, while Japan had a serious overpopulation, so a large number of people could only "leave their hometowns" and go abroad to explore.
A Brazilian Japanese family
At that time, Japan was short of Forex . The so-called "foreign exchange" is foreign capital, which is the foreign currency or funds that the government can control. Japan has overpopulation, there are not enough jobs to digest, and there are not enough food. Therefore, the Japanese government was eager to transfer cheap labor to the outside world to earn foreign exchange.
Brazilian sucrose
production of sucrose requires a large amount of labor. Brazilian indigenous people were massacred by Portuguese colonists, and the population of European colonists was very small. From 1500 to 1800, the Portuguese purchased more than 3 million black slaves from Africa and transported them to Brazil. The spread of high-pressure work and diseases took the lives of many black slaves, and large-scale escapes also occurred from time to time.
Pedro II was the second emperor of the Brazilian Empire and the last emperor. He ascended the throne in 1840 and went into exile in Europe in 1889. During his reign, Brazil's slavery was abolished
Brazil's land is vast and fertile, suitable for agricultural development, and the plantation economy is Brazil's lifeline. The slaves who returned to their free self naturally did not want to return to the plantation, but sugar production requires labor, which made the Brazilian government worry, so they wanted to to recruit foreign immigrants to . At that time, the main population of Brazil was still European white, so they first recruited immigrants from Germany and Italy to . As a result, the conditions for Italy to see where they immigrate to, were very bad. In addition, Italy banned population outflow in 1902, so soon Italian immigrants stopped going to Brazil, and even immigrants would go to the United States.
immigration advertisements released by the Brazilian government to Italians
At that time, Europe had basically completed industrialization and had low willingness to immigrate. Helplessly, Brazil can only settle for the second best and recruit immigrants from Asia. At that time, China was the most typical of the world's huge and cheap countries. However, the Qing government felt that Brazil was a great power and dared to ask me for someone. This was a matter of "insulting the majesty of the Celestial Empire" , so he flatly refused.
At that time, the Brazilian government almost signed a treaty with the general manager of the Steamship Merchants Group Tang Tingshu , but it was stopped by the Qing government.
Tang Tingshu
At this time, the Japanese government took the initiative to find Brazil and expressed its willingness to send immigration to Brazil .
At that time, the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) had just ended. Japan's domestic economy was in decline, and the society was full of vagrants. 's labor force was severely oversupply, and a large number of people were unemployed. The agreement with Brazil can be said to be that "Zhou Yu Huang Gai" is willing to fight and the other is willing to be beaten. Japan needs foreign exchange and digestion of overpopulation, while Brazil needs to replenish its labor force, so it hit it off.
The Japanese government promotes immigration to Brazil
In fact, at the same time, Japan did not only organize immigration to Brazil, but also cultivated immigrants to Northeast China, "Nanyang Po" in Southeast Asia and workers in the western United States, but the most Japanese immigrants to Brazil were immigrants. At that time, many Japanese people at the bottom of the country were not full and needed to serve in the military. They all regarded immigration to Brazil as a chance to be reborn.
. The first batch of Japanese immigrants were basically men and retained their Japanese nationality. Their lives in Brazil are non-human , and they cannot bring their families with their families. They work at high load every day, and the money they earn is basically the Japanese government. also faces exploitation from Brazilian planters and police.
is located in the "Torii" in Sao Paulo, Brazil. "Torii" is a traditional Japanese architecture and the "gate of divine realm" in Japanese culture, that is, the residence of ancestors and gods
A major event happened in the same year. The United States prohibited Japanese immigrants from entering the country, which made many Japanese in the United States, who fantasized about immigrating more affluent. Japan's " Imperial Colonial Society" took the opportunity to promote it. said that Brazil's land is so big that it cannot be seen, and the food planted cannot be eaten. The climate is like spring all year round, and it is a paradise on earth. As a result, a large number of Japanese immigrants turned to Brazil. They lived in the southeastern part of Brazil, , , São Paulo State, , and made a living by growing coffee beans and sugar cane.
Green part is São Paulo State in Brazil, that is, the main settlement of Japanese immigrants in the southern hemisphere
Brazil is indeed a country with a vast and sparsely populated area. The first generation of Japanese immigrants formed a community and brought Japanese food and culture to this tropical land, which allowed the poor farmers in Japan to see hope on the other side of the ocean. There were about five waves of Japanese immigrants to Brazil. The first was the first generation of immigrants mentioned above. The second time was between 1910 and 1920. More than 30,000 Japanese immigrants came to Brazil, and they quickly integrated into the local Japanese community.
Japanese Brazilian is called "Nikkei" by the locals, meaning "South American Japanese" .
html More than 280% of Japanese-Brazilians live in São Paulo state, Brazil. Today's São Paulo is almost "Little Tokyo in South America". The main language is not only Portuguese, but also Japanese.Sao Paulo, Brazil is the area with the most dense cherry trees in the southern hemisphere. Thanks to the cherry blossom seeds brought by Japanese immigrants
By 1936, a total of about 140,000 Japanese immigrants arrived in Brazil. This group of people was different from the immigration groups that were mostly bankrupt farmers, speculators, homeless people, etc. among them, there were also a large number of Japanese with high education levels, who had brought certain assets in the past.
to , Brazil had three generations of Japanese immigrants, with a population of more than 200,000. These Japanese immigrants adhered to the hard work of the East Asian nation. At the beginning, they only worked in Brazilian plantations. After more than ten years, they accumulated a lot of wealth and began to buy land and factories. The Japanese government also gave them a lot of financial support. In fact, the Japanese government has always retained nationality for Japanese immigrants to Brazil and will detain some of their families in the country. The one who uses these Brazilian Japanese to secretly "colonize" Brazil.
Sao Paulo's Japanese Shinto Church Club
Japanese immigrants also follow Japanese customs. They have established a large number of Japanese communities, do not communicate or intermarry with local people, only speak Japanese, follow Japanese culture, do not change their living habits and religious beliefs , and do not integrate into Brazilian society. always has the idea of "falling leaves return to their roots", and these communities are like "country among the country".
Brazilian Japanese were stepping towards the middle class and above. A large number of Japanese immigrants had their own manors and factories. By the 1940s, more than 70% of Japanese immigrants had their own industries. Japanese immigrants were famous for attaching importance to education, unity, friendship, hard work and courage in Brazil.
A Brazilian Japanese and his cloak factory
Their descendants are called " Japanese V" , which is the fifth generation of Japanese immigrants. This word is equivalent to a "middle-class family" in Brazil.
Even when we arrived in Brazil, the Japanese still have a sense of "loyalty to the emperor and loyalty to the country" in their bones. However, as time goes by, in the eyes of Japan, they are no longer "Japanese". Let me give you a detailed look. Japanese media often use Katakana to name them when reporting on Brazilian Japanese, rather than Japanese characters.
These Brazilian Japanese have actually become groups that Japan and Brazil do not want to accept, but they have accumulated a lot of wealth. Once the war breaks out, these Brazilian Japanese will become abandoned children.
War came: it was hard to separate the enemy and we began to integrate into
Sao Paulo's Brazilian Japanese community
After the outbreak of World War II, the United States broke off diplomatic relations with Japan, and Brazil also followed suit and broke off diplomatic relations with Japan. These Brazilian Japanese are regarded as "spy of the Axis powers" , and their property was confiscated by the Brazilian government. Because of their refusal to speak Portuguese and refusal to integrate into Brazilian society, Brazilian Japanese became the object of hatred by Brazilians. They were beaten and abused and driven out of their homes. At this time, Japan also gave up on them, and many Japanese people who fled back to Japan from Brazil were also regarded as spies.
The 442nd Regiment of the United States during World War II was a force composed of Japanese Americans and mainly went to the European battlefield to fight
, which is not human inside or outside.
In order to protect themselves, Brazilian Japanese have given up their Japanese nationality and chose to join Brazilian nationality.Unlike the local Japanese who are deeply brainwashed by militarism, Brazilian Japanese have no "fantasy" thoughts. Many people even did not return to China to support the Japanese war of aggression, resulting in their relatives being persecuted at home. The mentality of these Japanese people is also very contradictory. On the one hand, they are proud of their Japanese descent, and on the other hand, they are eager to be accepted by Brazilian society.
A mixed-race couple, the husband is Brazilian Japanese, and the wife is Brazilian European white
After the end of World War II, Japan became a defeated country. Brazilian Japanese chose a complete makeover. In order to better take root in Brazil, they entered a Brazilian society with great ethnic integration. began to intermarry with Brazilians on a large scale, learn Portuguese, went to local schools , to learn about South American history and culture, and many people also converted to Catholicism.
to the third generation of Japanese, the intermarriage ratio has reached 42%, and the intermarriage ratio of the fourth generation of Japanese has even reached 61%.
A pair of Brazilian mother and daughter of Japanese descent. But they still follow Japanese cultural traditions, wearing kimonos, eating rice, and speaking Japanese
In fact, Japan's immigration to Brazil continued until the 1960s, with a total output of about 250,000 to 300,000. After the Japanese economy took off, the huge wave of Japanese immigration stopped. However, Brazilian Japanese were considering the issue of returning. The most famous Japanese who immigrated to Brazil after the war should be Hiroro Onoda . He was the last Japanese soldier to surrender. He announced his surrender in the Philippines in 1974. Because he was disappointed with the Japanese government, he chose to immigrate to Brazil.
At the end of the 20th century, Japan's aging intensified, and the Japanese government absorbed many fourth generation of Japanese-Brazilians to return to China. But since the third generation of Japanese, many people have become Brazilians with only Japanese names , Japanese looks , and their names are still very mixed, such as " Nakamura George", "Tada Paul", and "Vitor Inoue", which implies the identity crisis of Brazilian Japanese.
They can't speak Japanese and cannot integrate into Japanese society. For these people, Japan is a familiar and unfamiliar existence.
Naturalized Brazilian Japanese women on the streets of Japan
Brazilian Japanese: rooted in a foreign land, looking at the homeland
Today's Brazilian Japanese still use Japanese as their native language, but many people have gradually lost their voice or given up on Japanese, and use Portuguese as their first language . The Brazilian Japanese population is about 2 million, accounting for about 1% of Brazil's population and 60% of the mixed race.
Brazilian Japanese Rally
Their biggest problem is that neither side can integrate into it. In Brazil, they are regarded as stereotyped and serious Japanese; in Japan, they have become enthusiastic and unrestrained South Americans and have never been able to find their own home.
In the near future, Brazilian Japanese will be completely assimilated, but Brazilian Japanese culture will not disappear, and it will even affect Brazilian culture. For example, " Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu" (Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu) is a physical technique created based on "Japanese Judo ".
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu is a physical technique developed on the basis of Japanese judo. This physical technique specializes in subduing and takes self-defense as the main function
Japanese culture has flowed into the blood of Brazilian culture. Japanese comics, clothing, and food are not niche cultures in Brazil, but one of the mainstream cultures. Even many Brazilians will preconceive the idea that it is "japonesa" (i.e. Portuguese "Japanese") .
Japanese snacks on the streets of Sao Paulo
The open and compatible mentality of Brazil's society has made Brazil have such a large Japanese population. After a hundred years of hard work, today's Brazilian Japanese are almost synonymous with the "elite talents" and "middle class" in Brazil.
Brazilian Japanese are almost all middle-class and are very popular in Brazilian society. In contrast, Chinese people have a much lower influence in South America.
is completely different from the passionate and unrestrained Brazilians in their traditional impressions. Brazilian Japanese attach importance to education, family, credibility, politeness and various traditional moral values in East Asia.
For example, Brazil's most advanced institution of learning Sao Paulo University is one of the top universities in the southern hemisphere, and more than 20% of students and 8% of teachers are Japanese. You should know that Brazilian Japanese only accounts for about 1% of the population. This fully demonstrates that the educational level of Brazilian Japanese is higher than the Brazilian average and the social status of Brazilian Japanese is high.
Brazil University, founded in 1934, is the largest and most modern university in Brazil, and is also the most important scientific research center in Brazil. Japanese in Brazil are no longer restricted to agriculture. They have begun to actively get involved in politics. In Brazil's history, there are 2 cabinet ministers and 1 air force commander is Japanese. In addition, Brazilian Japanese are also involved in various social fields such as sports, law, medical care, entertainment, military, retail, etc. indicates that the degree to which Brazilian Japanese integrates into Brazilian society has deepened.
Juniti Saito, Brazilian Japanese, Brazilian Air Force Commander
Brazilian Japanese celebrities are quite a lot of celebrities. In addition to the aforementioned Lisa Ono mentioned, there are also the wife of the king of football Bailey Marcia Aoki, Brazilian Victoria's Secret model Juliana Imai , and the well-known game anchor mayumi, who is very famous in the Chinese Internet.
The football king Bailey and his Brazilian Japanese wife, 32 years younger than him, Bailey once said, "Oriental women are the best wives"
When the hard work and wisdom of the East Asian nation meets the openness and tolerance of South America, the success of Brazilian Japanese is obvious.
mayumi, game anchor, Brazilian Japanese
Today's Brazilian Japanese basically face two paths - abandons everything about Brazil and returns to Japan or forgets Japan takes root in Brazil. It is really hard for them to choose .
Julianna Imai
"Diligence and patience are the virtues of the Eastern people" This is a common saying of Brazilian Japanese.
Brazilian star Neymar is rumored to have Japanese ancestry, but he has not been recognized by him
On today's Japanese Street in Sao Paulo, maybe you can see these scenes: Japanese-born old woman greets her high-necked and white-skinned neighbors in Portuguese, blonde and blue-eyed Brazilian boy entertains yellow-skinned guests in fluent Japanese, and dark-skinned residents practice English in the distance.
Brazilian movie "Tears in the Country" tells the story of a Japanese couple traveling to Brazil and working hard at the bottom of the country. We cannot decide where history will push us, but what we can choose is to shape a future.
The place where the motherland of Brazil and Japanese is is no longer important. What is important is - The place where you are at peace is your hometown .
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-