Japan's Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare According to figures released recently, there are currently 86,510 people over the age of 100 in Japan, an increase of 6,060 from last year, setting a new historical record again.
According to statistics, there are 76,450 centenarians in Japan, accounting for about 88% of the total. There are 10,060 male centenarians, exceeding 10,000 for the first time. The longest-lived elder in Japan is Riko Tanaka , who lives in Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture. She is 118 years old and is certified by Guinness World Records as the "world's longest living elder". The oldest male elder is Ueda Kanzo, who lives in , Nara City, , who is 111 years old this year.
Statistics also show that there are 68.54 centenarians per 100,000 people in Japan. In terms of administrative area, Shimane Prefecture, Japan has maintained the largest number of centenarians per 100,000 people for 9 consecutive years, at 134.75. On the other hand, Saitama Prefecture has the least number of centenarians, with only 42.4.
reported that the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan compiled the above statistics based on the status of residents registration on September 1. According to Japanese media reports, the investigation began in 1963, when there were only 153 Japanese centenarians. Last year, this number exceeded 80,000. According to analysis, the improvement of medical standards is the main reason for the increase in the number of centenarians in Japan year by year.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare announced in July this year,In 2020, the average life expectancy of Japanese women is 87.74 years, and that of men is 81.64 years, both of which are the highest in history.
As a neighboring country, Japan’s medical system has always been at the forefront of the world. It has been rated as number one by the World Health Organization many times. As a medical system that provides institutional guarantees, why Japan’s medical care can maintain the world’s number one medical system for a long time One level? There are several important reasons.
Privatization of medical treatment, cost government package
First, Japan’s entire medical system is different from the United States and European countries. European countries, especially the Nordic countries, implement a public medical system. Although this medical system has a wide coverage and a light personal burden, its efficiency is relatively low and medical resources are wasted seriously.
In the United States, privatization is completely implemented. Although the level of medical care is very high, the poor cannot afford to get sick.
Japan's medical system is generally between Europe and the United States. In other words, while implementing public medical care, private and personalized medical care is also fully taken care of.
So how does Japan do this? To sum it up in a simple sentence, that is: "Medical services are provided by the private sector, but medical expenses are guaranteed by the government."
Japan's medical care adopts three types of medical systems: national, public, and private. The country has comprehensive national medical and research institutions, and local governments are located in public hospitals. Then the largest number are private hospitals all over the country, especially in the community, most of which are specialist clinics.
The whole Japanese society is going to a clinic near one's home, which is a private hospital, for minor illnesses. If the clinic feels that your disease needs further examination or surgery, the doctor in the clinic will give you a letter of introduction, and then go to a major hospital for treatment and surgery.
Japanese people do not go to big hospitals when they encounter minor problems such as colds and headaches. The major hospitals in Japan, especially the national hospitals, basically treat difficult and serious diseases, and the entire treatment is made by appointment system, but this kind of appointment will not exceed ten and a half months, usually two or three days, or even You can make an appointment on the same day.
is Japan’s three-dimensional social medical security system from private to national and public, from small clinics to large general hospitals.The problem of difficult medical treatment for more than 100 million people has been solved.
So, is it expensive to see a doctor in Japan? This is undoubtedly the most curious part of everyone. First, let’s talk about Japan’s medical insurance system.
First of all, all medicines and equipment used in the hospital are included in the scope of medical insurance. In other words, drugs that are not covered by the medical insurance cannot enter the hospital. Therefore, there will be no such thing as the kind of imported medicines and good medicines in Chinese hospitals that need to be paid for by individuals. There is no charge for ordinary beds during hospitalization.
Therefore, the second reason why Japan's medical level remains the highest in the world is the fair and reasonable medical expenses system.
Before there was universal medical insurance, and later, there was high medical expense protection
Japan began to establish a universal medical insurance system as early as the 1950s. Regardless of whether you are a Japanese, a foreigner like us living in Japan, or even an international student who has just arrived in Japan, as long as you arrive in Japan and join the Japanese medical insurance, you will only bear 30% for any medical treatment. Looking at a cold, generally speaking, an individual only needs to bear the cost, which is about 3,000 yen, which is one or two hundred yuan.
Japan has implemented a free medical care system for the elderly after the age of 70 in the past. Later, because of the increase in the burden of medical insurance, it is now between the ages of 70 and 74, and the medical expenses are personally borne by 20%. After 75 years old, the personal responsibility is only 10%.
Another key factor in Japan's solution to the expensive medical treatment is the implementation of a strict medical separation system. The hospital only cares about the prescription. After you take the prescription, you can go to any pharmacy across the country to dispense the medicine. For example, I came to Tokyo from a rural village in Hokkaido to see a doctor. Then, after I was in Tokyo, it was inconvenient to bring the medicine. I can go back to the pharmacy in my hometown to dispense the medicine.
Because drugs are market-oriented rather than monopolized by hospitals, their prices are in a relatively competitive state. Pharmacies across the country will not have different prices for a drug. Therefore, hospitals cannot make money from patients on medication issues, and they will not use drugs indiscriminately or use more medications.
Japanese hospitals also give patients medicine,But only for hospitalization and emergency medication. However, since all medicines in the hospital are included in the scope of medical insurance, and the prices are supervised by the medical insurance institutions, the medicines used during the hospitalization are also at a fair market price, and there will be no problem of higher prices than those offered by outside pharmacies.
The third reason is the establishment of a comprehensive universal medical insurance system.
There are frequent reports in the Chinese media that after a patient was sent to the hospital, he was refused because he could not pay for the medical expenses, or was delayed for rescue.
This kind of thing will not happen in Japan. For example, because of a traffic accident or a sudden fall ill in a public place, after the patient was taken to the hospital by an ambulance, even if his identity was unclear and he had no money with him, the doctor still carried out rescue and treatment. In other words, Japan The medical expenses are for treatment first and then pay later. If you really can't pay, you can apply for medical relief.
The fourth reason why Japan's medical level remains the highest in the world is its high-quality and friendly medical services.
In Japanese hospitals, family members are not allowed to accompany patients when they are hospitalized. Patient care, including going to the toilet and bathing, is all done by nurses. Last year, the father of a Beijing friend of mine came to Japan for a trip. He suddenly fell and broke his hand. He was taken to the hospital for treatment. I couldn't take a bath because of a broken bone. Every night, Japanese female nurses help him undress and bathe him. At first, he felt very embarrassed. Later, he was just moved because none of his children bathed him.
In Japan, after a patient enters the hospital, you give everything to the doctor. The doctor should take full responsibility for each patient admitted to the hospital. Relatives and friends are only allowed to go to the hospital to visit and accompany them when they can visit. All matters of caring for patients are left to the hospital's doctors and nurses.
Therefore, in Japan, the relationship between doctors and patients has a high degree of trust, and it is rare to hear about family members quarreling with doctors. Even if there is a medical accident, it will be handled in accordance with the law, and there will be no harassment in the hospital, because you will commit a crime of obstructing your business and will be arrested.
It is worth mentioning that Japan currently has a population of 127 million. However, according to the statistics of the World Health Organization, the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people in Japan is 13.7.The number of hospital beds is much higher than the world average of 3.7, ranking first in the world.
Japanese hospitals also have a very good system, which is to "track patients". After each operation, the doctor must actively follow the patient for a long time and establish a regular inspection, review, and observation system, instead of leaving the hospital with the patient and the doctor staying alive.
This system of "tracking patients" usually involves the attending physician entrusting a nurse to contact the patient regularly, and make a long-term check-up and follow-up schedule, telling the patient how many months and days to come to the hospital for check-ups, and how many months Consult your physical condition in a few days. The tracking time is generally 5 years. Once a recurrence is found, the attending doctor will send the patient to the hospital for treatment.
This system of long-term responsibility and care to the end has another advantage for doctors, that is, through long-term follow-up and observation of patients, they can understand the effects of surgery and treatment, and thus can continuously improve their own In the surgical plan, if you can remove a little less, you can cut a little less. If there is no surgery, there will be no more surgery. The best surgical treatment plan can reduce the patient's pain and mental burden and improve their treatment level.
Response to declining birthrate and aging
It is worth mentioning that in recent years, with the serious problem of declining birthrate in Japan, children's medical care is gradually moving towards free.
According to Japan's current medical system, the medical expenses burden ratio for preschool children (as of March of the year 7) is 20%, and for the first grade of elementary school and above, it is 10%.
The local governments across Japan have basically established child medical expenses assistance systems depending on their financial situation. For example, some places stipulate that before the age of 18, children are free of charge regardless of whether they are hospitalized or seen in general outpatient clinics. In some places, it is stipulated that it is all free until the age of school.
From the first grade of elementary school to 15 years old, the regulations vary from place to place. Take the city of Kyoto as an example. Children between 0 and 3 years old, regardless of outpatient or hospitalization, only need to pay 200 yen (about ten yuan) per month for any disease.
For example, I went to the hospital earlier this month,After that, no matter when you go to any hospital during the month, you don’t need to pay any more. From 3 to 15 years old, the monthly fee is 3,000 yen. If you exceed it, you can apply for cash back.
Corresponding to the declining birthrate is that the aging population in Japan is very serious. This has led to a serious shortage of doctors and nursing staff on the one hand, and on the other hand, it has also increased the burden of medical expenses.
The most obvious one is the increasing proportion of senile diseases and chronic diseases.
In recent years, among the major diseases in Japan, typical senile diseases such as malignant tumors and endocrine and metabolic diseases represented by diabetes have increased significantly. In order to deal with such diseases, Japan attaches great importance to early screening and prevention. Every year, health centers in various places will regularly send notifications of prevention and inspection of various diseases to the corresponding people's homes through the local registered population in a timely manner, reminding them to participate in the physical examination on time and do the prevention and screening of related diseases.
The aging of the population has also led to an increase in the proportion of first aid. According to statistics, in 2017, the number of elderly people (over 65 years old) in Japan who received emergency first aid reached 3.37 million, accounting for more than 60% of the total. It should be noted that, as an important part of life and health protection, Japanese ambulances do not charge any fees. In the event of an accident, emergency, etc., a phone call, professional first aid personnel will arrive at the designated location within a few minutes. In recent years, with the increase of foreign residents, emergency phone has also opened a multilingual response mode.
In the past May 23, Lancet ("The Lancet"), one of the top international authoritative academic journals in the medical field, released a ranking of the quality of health care and medical care in 195 countries around the world. Japan is closely following the small countries in West and Northern Europe. After that, it ranked 12th.
However, in terms of medical quality scores, Japan is second only to the highest score Sweden , ranking second. If you consider the demographic and social factors of the small northwestern European countries, and measure it with the same population size and social conditions, Japan’s medical care is undoubtedly the highest in the world. Of course, in recent years, Japan has also ranked first in the World Health Organization (WHO) global medical standards evaluation for many years.
This honor is also accompanied by Japan’s years of exploration and improvement in the field of medical insurance. For our country, Japan’s leading global insurance system is worth learning from many places. I also believe that over time, our country’s medical care The protection will be improved day by day, and the difficulty of seeing a doctor will no longer be a problem.
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