Protecting the ecological environment is to protect productivity, and improving the ecological environment is to develop productivity. Over the past decade, under the guidance of ecological civilization ideas, green has become increasingly the background and confidence for China's high-quality economic and social development.
wen Zhu Liucai Chief expert of the Foreign Cooperation and Exchange Center of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, a national-level candidate for the New Century Hundreds of Millions of Talents Project, an expert on the special government allowance of the State Council
This article is a special planning article for "Sustainable Development·China's Ten Years" "Sustainable Development, China's Ten Years" since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, China has made breakthrough achievements in sustainable development governance. Among them, modern environmental governance has made significant progress, and breakthrough progress has been made in governance concepts, governance systems, governance capabilities, governance values and governance effectiveness.
The concept of modern environmental governance has been significantly innovative
General Secretary Xi Jinping personally planned and deployed, vigorously promoted theoretical, practical and institutional innovation of ecological civilization thought, and creatively proposed a series of new concepts, new ideas and new strategies, forming Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, providing concept guidance, ideological guidance and fundamental guidance for modern environmental governance. Traditional environmental governance focuses on changes in physical attributes, chemical attributes, biological attributes, etc. of ecological environment quality such as atmospheric environment, water environment, soil environment and ecosystems. It has the characteristics of "treatment of headaches and feet to pain", and the effect of environmental governance focuses on protection and neglects development. In the past ten years since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the innovation of modern environmental governance concepts has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. Specifically reflected in the following aspects:
First, Green waters and green mountains are gold and silver mountains (hereinafter referred to as "two mountains") has become the core concept of ecological civilization construction. In 2005, the "Two Mountains" concept advocated by Xi Jinping personally explained the relationship between ecological environment protection and economic and social development, and revealed that protecting the ecological environment is protecting productivity and improving the ecological environment is developing productivity. From Yu Village in Anji to Saihanba Oasis, from Yichun forest land in Heilongjiang to Sanjiangyuan " China Water Tower ", the concept of the two mountains has transformed from concepts to actions, from stinky water and barren mountains to green waters and green mountains, and gold and silver mountains.
Second, the concept of green development has become a strategic path for ecological civilization construction. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the new development concept of . Among them, the green development concept breaks through the old development thinking, development concept, development model and development path, and is an inevitable requirement for the construction of ecological civilization. As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out, the development model of killing chickens to get eggs and fishing through the pond has come to an end. The green development of adapting to nature and protecting nature shows the future.
Third, coordinate the system governance concept of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, grass and sand, leading the construction of beautiful China . Mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sand are a community of life and an inseparable ecosystem. Ecological protection and ecological restoration are a systematic project, and it is necessary to coordinate the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. Over the past decade, the construction of national ecological security barriers has made significant progress, large-scale land greening operations have made breakthrough progress, and the number of days in sandstorms has decreased significantly.
The modern environmental governance system has been significantly improved
First, a modern environmental governance system with Chinese characteristics has been initially built. The Party Central Committee and the State Council issued the "H Guiding Opinions on Building a Modern Environmental Governance System ", proposing the main goals of establishing and improving the seven major systems of environmental governance by 2025, including the leadership responsibility system, corporate responsibility system, national action system, supervision system, market system, credit system, and legal, regulatory system. The leadership of the Party Committee, the government leads, the main body of enterprises, social organizations and the public participate to form a system arrangement of integrated planning, deployment, promotion and assessment.
Second, more than 30 relevant laws and regulations were formulated and revised, and the increasingly perfect system provided strong guarantees for sustainable development.Reconstructing the legal system of the ecological environment and reshaping the institutional system of the ecological environment is the most remarkable decade in which my country's ecological environment rule of law has achieved the most significant results. A number of local legislative achievements have been formed, and a series of important judicial interpretations and policies have been promoted; the standards have been led and forced, scientific pollution control has been promoted in-depth development, the construction of party regulations has been promoted, and the cage of the damage accountability system has been built, and the legal universal responsibility has been promoted through the list of responsibilities (Bie Tao, 2022).
Third, the ecological civilization system arrangements are intensively introduced. In 2015, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Ecological Civilization" and the "Overall Plan for the Reform of the Ecological Civilization System ", and then issued a series of innovative institutional arrangements. For example, "Ten Gas", "Ten Water", "Ten Soil ", central ecological environment protection inspection, environmental protection vertical reform, pollutant discharge permit system , etc. The institutional system of "four beams and eight pillars" is basically formed, providing important institutional guarantees for promoting sustainable development (Huang Runqiu, 2022).
The modern environmental governance capacity has been significantly improved
First, the Party’s leadership ability in modern environmental governance has been significantly strengthened. The main leaders of local party committees and governments at all levels are the first responsible persons for ecological environment governance in their administrative regions and are responsible for the quality of the ecological environment.
Second, the central ecological environment protection inspection system has been innovatively established. Under the personal planning, deployment and promotion of General Secretary Xi Jinping, the innovation and practice of the central inspection system are major institutional innovations and major reform measures for the Party and the country, and are major original achievements and institutional guarantees for Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought, which greatly promotes the implementation ability of the modern environmental governance system.
Third, establish and improve the audit system for leaving the leading cadres. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed for the first time to explore and implement the "exit audit of natural resource assets of leading cadres". This is an important measure for the country to implement the new concept of green development, improve the ecological civilization governance system, and build a beautiful China. In September 2017, the General Office of the CPC Central Committee and the General Office of the State Council issued and implemented the "Regulations on the Audit of Natural Resources Assets for Leading Cadres (Trial)".
The establishment and implementation of the resource and environmental responsibility audit system for leading cadres has been supervised by supervising the local environmental protection and resource development, and exposing and investigating key issues such as resource waste, loss of income, and environmental pollution, which has effectively promoted the sustainable development of the regional economy.
Fourth, we have built a group of iron army of ecological and environmental protection. Over the past ten years, in accordance with the deployment of General Secretary Xi Jinping, a group of iron army of ecological environment protection that is "strong in politics, high in ability, hard in style, especially able to endure hardships, especially able to fight, especially able to contribute."
The value of modern environmental governance is significantly popularized
Green and harmonious values are the theoretical essence of Xi Jinping's " five-in-one " and "China's Governance" in the new era, and it is also the core value of Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought. The economic and social transformation of green and low-carbon development and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature is a beautiful vision of global environmental governance. From a national perspective, the Party Central Committee has incorporated "green" into the new development concept, incorporated "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" into the new era, and adhered to and developed the basic strategy of socialism with Chinese characteristics. From a global perspective, the value of green and harmonious governance is increasingly becoming a new value for promoting global sustainable development. The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced reflection on the relationship between mankind and nature. Building a green earth home in the post-epidemic era and realizing harmonious coexistence between mankind and nature is the common value vision of mankind.
Over the past decade, facing international and domestic ecological environment challenges, China has insisted on advocating the building of a community with a shared future for mankind, adhered to multilateralism, deeply participated in global ecological environment governance, climate governance and biodiversity governance, effectively fulfilled the obligations of international environmental conventions, promoted the construction of a green "Belt and Road", provided Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for global sustainable development governance, and made Chinese contributions (Zhou Hongchun, 2022). United Nations Environment Agency passed a draft decision to promote China's ecological civilization concept in 2013. In 2016, it released the report "Green Water and Green Mountains Are Gold and Silver Mountains: China's Ecological Civilization Strategy and Action" and released the "China Kubuqi Ecological Wealth Assessment Report" in 2017. Saihanba Forest Farm won the "Emighty Guardian Award" of (Sun Jinlong, 2022). "Ecological Civilization: Building a Community of Life on Earth" has become the theme of the 15th Conference of the Parties of the " Convention on Biological Diversity ". China has become an important participant, contributor and leader in the construction of global ecological civilization.
The effectiveness of modern environmental governance has been significantly improved
In the past decade, China's ecological environment has achieved historic, turning point and overall changes, and the effectiveness of modern environmental governance has been significantly improved.
First, the improvement of ecological environment quality has been outstanding. In 2021, the average concentration of PM2.5 in cities at the prefecture level and above nationwide decreased by 34.8% compared with 2015, and the proportion of Category I-III sections in the national surface water reached 84.9%. Soil pollution risks have been effectively controlled, and foreign garbage has been prohibited from entering the country, achieving the goal of "zero import" of solid waste. The area of nature reserves accounts for 18% of the national land area, and more than 300 rare and endangered wild animals and plants have been well restored. The beautiful scenery of harmonious coexistence between man and nature is vividly displayed (Huang Runqiu, 2022).
Second, the green and low-carbon transformation has achieved outstanding results. National emissions of carbon dioxide per unit of GDP (GDP) carbon dioxide decreased by 34.4%, and the proportion of coal in primary energy consumption decreased from 68.5% to 56%. In 2021, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 26.4% compared with 2012, with an average annual decrease of 3.3%, which is equivalent to saving and reducing energy from about 1.4 billion tons of standard coal. China's energy production structure is accelerating its transformation, and the proportion of clean energy continues to increase. In 2021, domestic non-fossil energy power generation installed capacity exceeded coal-fired power for the first time, with an installed capacity of 1.12 billion kilowatts, accounting for 47% of the total installed capacity of power generation. The installed capacity of hydropower, wind power and solar power generation exceeds 300 million kilowatts, ranking first in the world for many years. In 2020, President Xi Jinping personally announced that carbon dioxide emissions will strive to peak before 2030 and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. In 2021, the world's largest carbon emission trading market was launched, and green has become increasingly the background color of high-quality development.
Editor丨Hu Wenjuan
Source丨《Sustainable Development Economic Guide》2022 Issue 9-10
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