The animal world is very wonderful. Many things can open people's eyes. The magical craftsmanship of nature not only creates many scenic spots, but also creates many strange creatures.
ststeps : Fire! Open fire! Open fire!
Brachinoid and Paussoid beetle can be said to be the most fully equipped among insects. They are equipped with cannons... on the butt.
These beetles have ammunition database hidden in their belly. There are a pair of small rooms symmetrical left and right, each room is divided into two small compartments. One compartment contains chemical substances called " hydroquinone " and " hydrogen peroxide ", and the other contains enzymes. After these things are mixed, a violent chemical reaction will occur, producing benzenequinone and oxygen . Like shaking Coke, the violently expanding oxygen spurted out from the chamber with benzenequinone droplets. The outlet was two small holes at the tail end of the beetle's abdomen.
Qibujia Photo source: Baidu Encyclopedia
This reaction is quite fierce, and it will generate heat (the benzenequinone sprayed by the Qibujia group, with a temperature of 100℃) enough to burn the fingers, and it can make an explosion sound clearly audible by the human ears.
benzenequinone is poisonous and can not only effectively drive out insects, but also humans think it smells bad. When this cannon is fired, even the most greedy animals will be disgusted. In English, these little monsters are called "Bombardier Beetle", but the Chinese name is not that cool, fart worm .
The most famous Chinese description of fartworms comes from Lu Xun: "There are also sap sap . If you hold its spine with your fingers, it will slap and spray a burst of smoke from the back orifice." sap sap is a member of saccharine family , while saccharine family is saccharine family . The sprigs don't know how to shoot cannons, and the gentleman is wrong.
Entomologist Thomas Eisner loves to tease poisonous insects. In order to study the chemical weapon of Fart Step Arc, he caught the beetle, stuck it with a drop of wax, clamped its legs with small tweezers, and forced it to fire and fight back. These gunners will aim, clamp the back legs, spray the benzenequinone solution to the back, clamp the front, and spray it to the front, although the muzzle is located close to the anus.
Qi Zhu Jia tribe relies on turning the tip of the abdomen to adjust the position of the firing. The Bai Zhu Jia tribe has another simple and clever way. The scientific name of Metrius contractus is a groove on the edge of , (hard wings on the outer layer). After firing, the benzenequinone solution will flow forward along the groove, and a violent reaction occurs at the front of the body, like beer, droplets splash. The flowing object will detach from the water (or air flow) and flow against a protruding object, called the Coanda Effect. We are all familiar with this annoying phenomenon: when pouring soup and water, there will always be a few drops on the bowl, flowing down the outer wall of the bowl, and a long thread flows out.
If you want to fire backwards, the beetle presses its abdomen downwards, allowing the "muzzle" to escape from the two grooves, and the benzenequinone solution flows directly behind the buttocks. As for spraying left and right, just use the ammunition room on the left or right.
Metrius contractus is a relatively primitive gunner. The other fart armor protrudes into two edges on the elys, and the groove is above the edge. In this way, the "ammunition" flowing along the groove can splash out from the wings, spray directly across the beetle's head, and become a real poison cannon.
Horn Lizard: Malicious intentions towards the Dogs
Hiraki Hirohiko 's comic "JOJO's Wonderful Adventure", the villain Dior in it has the ability to shoot body fluids from his eyes, and its destructive power is like a sharp arrow.
horned lizard (Phrynosoma) also turned the eyes into a Qimen weapon. It lives in the desert of America and looks ugly: its body is round and flat, like an flounder , with spikes on its head, back and tail, which is a bit like a dinosaur, and some horned lizards have distinct patterns.
horned lizard Source: Baidu Encyclopedia
If a canine predator, such as a canine family, is called Vulpes macrotis or coyote (scientific name Canis latrans) to provoke it, the horned lizard will ejaculate from the eyes, which is 1.5 meters away. If a human or other carnivore scares it, it rarely uses this trick. The Evolution Lord created this move, probably specifically to deal with the Wan Xingren.
The large vein in the lizard's neck is surrounded by muscles. The horned lizard can block the veins by contracting the muscles. Almost all venous blood flowing from the head passes through these large veins, and the blood pathway is blocked, and a lot of blood accumulates in the brain and cannot flow out, which greatly increases blood pressure. With the help of this force, blood broke through the veins on the eyelids, and the bright red and thin blood columns shot out.
In addition to the appearance of the two-sense, this move also comes with a chemical killing effect. Although we know little about chemicals in horned lizards, Wade C. Sherbrooke and J. Russell Mason used coyotes and horned lizards to experiment. The horn lizard blood was shot onto the coyote's face with a syringe. The poor man showed pain, stretched out his tongue to lick his mouth, opened and closed his mouth, and shook his head vigorously. Using other lizard blood will not have this effect.
If you eat a dead horned lizard, the coyote will vomit. Although sometimes it will vomit, eat, vomit, and then eat it many times (it seems very reluctant to let it go), there will always be some wreckage in the end. Obviously, the body of the horned lizard contains substances that make it hate.
1gun shrimp : The clanging true man
Alpheus spp. and Synalpheus spp., which live in the warm shallow sea, have the biggest feature of the appearance of the pliers on one side are particularly strong (random left hand or right hand), and the other side is a normal size.
drum shrimp source: Baidu Encyclopedia
They are commonly known in English as pistol shrimp (Pistol Shrimp). There is a bulge on the pistol shrimp pliers, and there is a bulge on the shrimp pliers. If you close the pliers hard, the bulge and the bulge will make a "crackling" sound (it sounds a bit like the sound of dry firewood burning in the fire). The pistol shrimp closes the pistol claws, which takes only 0.6 milliseconds (1 millisecond = 10–3 seconds). If the needle rotates as fast as the pistol shrimp’s full speed, it can turn 550 times in 1 second.
The protrusions on the shrimp claws are stuffed into the depression. This pounding action like rice will "squeeze" the water originally in the depression. The speed of water flow can reach 25 meters per second. The higher the speed of the flowing thing, the smaller the pressure, and the smaller the pressure will reduce the boiling point of the liquid. These middle school physics courses have combined together and have produced unexpected results. In the middle of the shrimp claw, the extremely low pressure water vaporized and bubbles appeared, which was called cavitation. The bubble exploded quickly, causing a loud noise. One meter away, this sound can reach 210 decibels, which was once considered crustal activity.
Pistol shrimps fight the world with this pistol. They can knock out small fish and shrimps as rice and scare away the enemy. If they leave a little farther away, they will not get shot from each other, and they can also communicate with similar people by relying on gunfire.
drum shrimp source: Baidu Encyclopedia
This is not all. When the sound waves of the pistol shrimp pass through the bubbles, it creates a flash. Although it cannot be seen with the naked eye, the power of glowing cannot be ignored. There is huge pressure in the bubble and the temperature of 5000 Kelvin (but Kelvin starts from absolute zero, so the Kelvin temperature value – 273. 15 = Celsius temperature value) is called sonoluminescence. We are not yet clear about the principle of this flash.
Some scientists believe that using the extremely high temperature of artificially manufactured acoustic luminescence (of course, much stronger than the gun shrimp) can nuclear fusion , although it has not been successful yet.
Scientists joked that this move of pistol shrimp should be called shrimp luminescence (Shrimpolamines, which is actually called "flash shrimp dog eyes" is also good).The duration of luminescence of shrimp is extremely short, measured in picosecond (1 picosecond = 10–9 milliseconds), otherwise these little things will really go to heaven.
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Source: "Antelope and Bees: The Evolution of All living beings"
Author: Tao Yuqing
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Copyright belongs to the original author
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