Scientific Brainstorm breaks common sense, ten silkworm pupa cumshots into strings, and finally a string of butterflies will develop, or will it rot into a pile of mud?
Before this topic has started and you don’t know the results yet, let’s talk about your thoughts in the comment section first.
Butterfly, in literati stories, is a symbol of love. However, in the eyes of scientists, it is a magical species, because the process of larvae turning into butterflies is not only mysterious, but also has completely different "two faces". This time, the fungus will share with you the curious "story" of butterflies and caterpillars.
larvae to butterfly is divided into four stages: eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults.
Butterflies are transformed from caterpillars, which even kindergarten children know. So I wonder if you have any experience in cutting the pupae?
To be honest, the bacteria have dried up in the pupae, but only some viscous liquid, a little white substance and digestive organs are seen in the pupae. But the following professor is the one who thinks more curiously.
1942 , Harvard University Professor Carol Williams , once conducted a series of related experiments on pupa. He changed the four pupas of the same year to different conditions, and through this change, we observed that the pupa develops to this stage of adults.
The first pupa is used as a control sample and no changes are made.
The second pupa was cut off directly in the waist, and then the wound was pressed with a glass sheet to allow it to heal and continue to develop.
The third pupa was still cut in half and used a glass sheet to fit the wound. However, there was a transparent tube connected together in the middle of the glass sheet to ensure that the head and tail were separated, but the nutrient solution inside the pupa could still flow freely.
The fourth pupa: On the basis of (III), the professor placed a ball in the transparent tube, and this ball will act as an intercepting nutrition.
After subsequent observation, the professor found that the second pupa in that was directly cut off in half had still developed after such a disaster, but the lower body stopped developing.
The next third one experienced a shocking change. The pupa connected by a transparent tube was still developing. In the transparent tube, it can be clearly seen that the fibrous connective tissue developed in its body. The pupa finally successfully developed into an adult and flew for a long distance. In the end, because the weight and connection between the glass sheet and the transparent tube were not strong enough, it fell down and finally died.
So let’s guess what changes will happen to the fourth one?
Logically speaking, it should be possible to continue to develop. A ball cannot isolate all nutrient solution, but this ball directly prevents the development of the pupa. This is not right. At least it should be like the second one, and the upper body should be developed.
But it is precisely this developmental difference that a very obvious conclusion was drawn: the growth hormone of pupa is located in the upper body, and if it wants to fully develop, the pupa wound must be completely healed before it can continue to develop . The fourth of this experiment is to affect the healing of pupa wounds.
The rolling ball will affect the formation of connective tissue during slight movement, and also affect the wound healing of the upper and lower body of the pupa.
Key parts of metastatic development
In fact, Carol has done many experiments to understand the location of the pupa's brain and the anterior thymus.
For example, divides the middle of the pupa with a ligation wire. In this case, the upper half of the larvae develops normally, but the lower half will stop developing . It was also during this period that his path to studying insects began to become more and more deviant.
In his academic report, there was once a shocking experiment.
This experiment is that connects eight pupaes in series, keeps the liquid in the body flowing with each other, removes the head, and then gives it a suitable developmental environment for observation.
It can be clearly seen from the experiment that these pupas without the head cannot continue to develop normally.
However, when he transplanted the head of the frozen pupa to the body of the first pupa, the series of pupa began to develop at the same time, and finally eight adults developed. However, these eight adults developed into individuals, but the experimental results were shocking enough.
But some people think that this experiment is too cruel, and they also think that this experiment should end here.
But this professor has more bold and outrageous experiments. Next, he transplanted the brain and anterior thymus of a pupae on the upper body to the lower body and covered the wound with a glass sheet to make it heal. Because the pupa's brain and anterior thymus contain the growth hormone of the pupa, it can be said that this is an important condition for its continued development. Is
very outrageous? It would be a hell for such an experiment to successfully develop into an adult.
But it was such an outrageous experiment that successfully developed the lower body of the pupa and grew into the lower body of the butterfly.
The lower body of the adult insect is usually used for mating and reproduction. Therefore, even the adult insects without the upper body still develop normal female characteristics and secrete female hormones, which attracts male adults to mate with it and successfully fertilize it, and finally lay eggs.
Here, the bacteria are a little curious. In this case, the eggs are laid, and the hatched larvae develop into adults, or are they still winged? Could it be that it is completely "amnesia", developing into a "new species" that only has the lower part, but contains the former thymus .
Stress test for complete abnormality
A scholar once conducted a stress test for larvae for "memory".
That is, during the larval period, give it a smell of ethyl acetate , and stimulate the larvae with weak electricity, so that it has dangerous memories of odor and electric shock. When its adult breaks out of its cocoon, let it touch the smell of ethyl acetate and stimulate it by electric shock.
Experimental results: adults showed the same state as the stress response in the larval period: stay away from the stimulating odor and choose to escape in the face of the dangers brought by electric shock.
Through these curious and outrageous experiments, we will give us a perfect experimental result for the topic of discussion this time.
Under the premise of containing genetic materials such as the brain and the anterior thymus, the liquids of 10 pupae can be fused together, so it is possible to continue to hatch butterflies.
But if the brain and the anterior thymus are missing, no matter how much liquid from the pupa is fused together, it is impossible to continue incubation.
The world of science is mysterious, the beauty of butterflies is obtained by experiencing melting themselves and spinning silk into cocoons. Just as people can only move towards a better life when they experience wind and rain and hard work.
