[World Rabies Day] Rabies is incurable, but by doing these points, almost 100% can be prevented

According to data released by the WHO, rabies is prevalent in 150 countries around the world. causes 59,000 deaths every year .

my country has designated rabies as a type B infectious disease . In recent years, the prevention and control of rabies has been continuously strengthened. Monitoring data shows that the number of reported cases of human rabies continues to decline at a rate of about 20% per year. In 2020, a total of human cases of rabies have been reported nationwide. 202 cases, spreading to 143 districts and counties, the highest peak in 2007, 3300 cases and 984 counties and districts fell by 94% and 86%, respectively.

Rabies is still a public health issue

my country has achieved remarkable results in the prevention and control of rabies, but there is still a long way to go before the complete elimination of dog-to-human rabies.

Rabies hosts and sources of infection include domestic or stray cats and dogs, wild mammals, bats, etc. Tens of millions of people in my country are injured by animals every year.

10 days ago, in Zhangzhou, Fujian, a 70-year-old grandmother was dragged down and bitten by a dog on the street and died;

In August, Jingzhou, Hubei, Ms. Chen was bitten by an unleashed giant dog while running at night and was later bitten Sent to an orthopedic ward for treatment for several days;

In July, Beijing, Ms. Yang was suddenly attacked by a large shepherd while walking her dog in the community, and she was bitten in many places and her pet dog was also killed;

In May, Nantong Rugao, a vicious dog wounded people, 21 people were attacked and bitten by dogs to varying degrees;

In March, Liuzhou, Guangxi, a bulldog weighing 60 kg broke away from the rope and bit one A 4-year-old girl until the security and passers-by rescued her;

……

incidents like this happen from time to time.

According to the China CDC Weekly Report, Issue 39, 2021, September 24,

Rabies caused by dogs accounts for about 95%

The number of people who are injured by animals for rabies prevention and treatment exceeds 10 million every year

The cost of vaccinating human rabies, injecting immunoglobulin and medical treatment of wounds exceeds 7 billion yuan every year

The rabies epidemic not only seriously threatens the lives of the people, but alsoAnd it has caused a heavy economic burden and serious psychological impact.

To eliminate rabies, animal immunity first

2018 Wang Chuanlin, a rabies expert, deputy director of the emergency department of Peking University People’s Hospital, and deputy director of the trauma treatment center, jointly led the establishment of my country with Yin Wenwu, a researcher at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention The first national animal injury academic group- China Medical Rescue Association Animal Injury Rescue Branch aims to promote common animal injuries and related complications in my country such as rabies and through the establishment of a professional academic platform The development of prevention, control, diagnosis and treatment of colds .

2020 Based on more than ten years of theoretical and practical experience in the field of rabies, tetanus and animal injury from the Animal Injury Rescue Branch of the Chinese Medical Rescue Association, we jointly put forward this concept- eliminates rabies, and animal immunity comes first.

Wang Chuanlin pointed out: Vaccination of animals is not only a protection for animals, but also a longer-term guarantee for public safety.

Related WHO research has shown that dog immunization coverage in a region reaches more than 70%, which can effectively block the spread of rabies.

The new amendment " Animal Epidemic Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China", which officially came into effect on May 1 this year, also strengthens dog breeding management. Article 30 of the law clearly stipulates:

Units and individuals keep dogs Only, should be regularly immunized with rabies vaccine in accordance with the regulations, and apply for registration with the local dog registration authority with the immunization certificate issued by the animal clinic.Those who bring dogs out of the house shall wear dog tags and take dog ropes and other measures to prevent dogs from hurting people and spreading diseases.

Lucky psychology is impossible

Prevention and post-exposure treatment are the key

To achieve the goal of eliminating rabies, the joint efforts of the whole society are needed. At this stage, it is necessary not only to strengthen post-exposure treatment at the clinical grassroots level, but also to allow the public to get more correct science.

Wang Chuanlin pointed out: Although rabies is incurable, it is almost 100% preventable if it is correctly prevented. The more people understand and value rabies, and understand rabies prevention and treatment methods, the sooner we can eliminate rabies in humans. On the contrary, ignorance, ignorance, or a fluke are often the reasons for rabies.

In a typical case in 2019, a 9-year-old boy suddenly developed rabies symptoms such as fear of water, fear of wind, and fear of sound on February 7, and died within one week after the onset. It is reported that the boy had been bitten by a dog on his hand in May 2018, but he failed to inform his parents in time. In December, the bitten site was licked by the dog again, which unfortunately happened.

focus on

■ Once injured by an animal with a high risk of rabies transmission, even if only mucosal contact is required, standard rabies post-exposure treatment is required , including early wound treatment, rabies vaccination, necessary Passive rabies immunization preparations were injected at the time.

■ The incubation period of human rabies is usually 1 month to 3 months, rarely as short as one week or as long as one year or more. corrects preventive treatment after exposure, which can almost 100% prevent infection .

■ wound management principles is: heavy wounds, especially active bleeding wounds,While pressing to stop bleeding, rush to the hospital; light wounds need to be rinsed, rinsed, rinsed again, disinfected, or go directly to the hospital to find professional medical personnel for standardized treatment.

(picture source rabiesalliance.org “Social Media Toolkit”)

■ It is especially important to note that children are injured by animals and often do not take the initiative to inform their parents. It is easy to delay the disease and the risk is higher. Therefore, high-risk areas Children who frequently come into contact with animals can consider pre-exposure immunization, that is, complete vaccination in advance before being injured.

■ All people who are continuously and frequently exposed to rabies-risk environments are also high-risk groups of rabies exposure, such as laboratory personnel, animal trainers, medical staff, veterinarians, close contacts of rabies patients, etc., it is also recommended to regularly Immunize well before exposure to rabies.

(picture source rabiesalliance.org "Social Media Toolkit")

Rabies prevention tips

Q1

Can I get other vaccines at the same time?

rabies vaccine belongs to inactivated vaccine .Inactivated vaccines can be used with any other types of vaccines at the same time or at any time interval, and will not affect each other's effects. If you need to inoculate at the same time, it is recommended to use different parts of the inoculation to avoid the inability to identify the source when local adverse reactions occur. If it is not possible to vaccinate at the same time, the fatality rate due to rabies is almost 100%, and the rabies vaccination should be given priority.

Q2

Does the rabies vaccine have to be vaccinated within 24 hours after injury?

Rabies is a fatal disease. After exposure, post-exposure treatment should be carried out in a timely and standardized manner. The earlier the rabies vaccination is, the better, but more than 24 hours after injury, it is still effective. For those who have not undergone post-exposure treatment after exposure to rabies, even after several months, if the health status of the injured animal is unknown, it is recommended to follow the procedure to vaccinate against rabies to avoid risks.

Q3

Can pregnant women be vaccinated against rabies? Can breastfeeding be vaccinated against rabies?

Current research data show that modern cell matrix vaccines have high quality and good safety. Rabies vaccination is safe for pregnant women, pregnant women, and breastfeeding women, and it will not cause adverse effects on the fetus or infants.

Source | Animal Injury Treatment Branch of the Chinese Medical Rescue Association

Finished | Zhong Yanyu

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